当前AI工具存在自动化程度过高、人类控制不足造成生成结果可控性差的问题,成为其应用于专业影视创作的主要壁垒。本文通过总结自主视频生成流程“墨池”(Inkstone)设计与应用中的经验,结合人工智能(AI)与自动化领域的有意义人类控制(Me...当前AI工具存在自动化程度过高、人类控制不足造成生成结果可控性差的问题,成为其应用于专业影视创作的主要壁垒。本文通过总结自主视频生成流程“墨池”(Inkstone)设计与应用中的经验,结合人工智能(AI)与自动化领域的有意义人类控制(Meaningful Human Con⁃trol,MHC)概念,对比了三种不同的自动化工具设计思路,分析了基于MHC的AI影视创作流程和工具开发具体方式,以及目前加强人类控制的若干可行技术路径。研究表明,加强AI训练和生成过程中的MHC,有望在发挥AI工具优势的前提下,对生成内容进行准确控制,从而使创作能够体现艺术家意图,适应专业影视创作需求。展开更多
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient tool in exploring human brains. It plays a very important role in diagnosis of disorders related to epilepsy and development of new interaction techniques between machines an...Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient tool in exploring human brains. It plays a very important role in diagnosis of disorders related to epilepsy and development of new interaction techniques between machines and human beings,namely,brain-computer interface (BCI). The purpose of this review is to illustrate the recent researches in EEG processing and EEG-based BCI. First,we outline several methods in removing artifacts from EEGs,and classical algorithms for fatigue detection are discussed. Then,two BCI paradigms including motor imagery and steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEP) produced by oscillating Newton's rings are introduced. Finally,BCI systems including wheelchair controlling and electronic car navigation are elaborated. As a new technique to control equipments,BCI has promising potential in rehabilitation of disorders in central nervous system,such as stroke and spinal cord injury,treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and development of novel games such as brain-controlled auto racings.展开更多
In order to simulate the gait of human walking on different terrains a new robot with six degrees of freedom was proposed. Based on sand bearing characteristic compliance control was introduced to control system in ho...In order to simulate the gait of human walking on different terrains a new robot with six degrees of freedom was proposed. Based on sand bearing characteristic compliance control was introduced to control system in horizontal and vertical movement directions at the end of the robot,and position control in attitude. With Matlab/Simulink toolbox,the system control models were established,and the bearing characteristics of rigid ground,hard sand,soft sand and softer sand were simulated. The results show that 0,0.62,0.89 and 1.12 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground along the positive direction of x-axis,respectively,and 0,-0.96,-1.99 and -3.00 mm are the maximal subsidences along the negative direction of x-axis,respectively. Every subsidence along y-axis is negative,and 0,-4.12,-8.23 and -12.01 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground,respectively. Simulation results show that the subsidence of footboard points to inferior anterior in early stage of stand phase,while points to posterior aspect in late stage. The subsidence tends to point to posterior aspect in the whole. These results are basically consistent with the gait characteristics of human walking on sand. Gait simulation of the robot for human walking on sand is achieved.展开更多
Objectives Partial hepatectomy induces a rapid transformation within the remnant liver, prompting a wave of hepatocyte mitosis which abates when the lost cell mass has been recovered. The mechanism of co-ordinated con...Objectives Partial hepatectomy induces a rapid transformation within the remnant liver, prompting a wave of hepatocyte mitosis which abates when the lost cell mass has been recovered. The mechanism of co-ordinated control of metabolism and maintenance of function during this period of dynamic change is incompletely understood. Furthermore, the biochemical basis of growth regulation in the regenerating liver has not been well defined. We have studied human liver regeneration using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P MRS). This non-invasive technique allows assay of high-energy phosphate compounds and also of phospholipid metabolites thought to be involved in cellular renewal processes.Methods Five patients undergoing liver resection were studied. Hepatic metabolism was evaluated using 31P MRS before surgery and on postoperative days 2,4,6 and 14. Estimation of liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling for biochemistry were performed at the same time points.Results We found that the regenerative response following loss of liver parenchyma produced a reversible decline in energy state which necessitated compensatory adjustments in liver synthetic and excretory (unctions. Volume regain was associated with alterations in phospholipid metabolism, which normalized when the hepatic growth spurt was completed.Conclusion These observations indicate that modulation of hepatocyte energy economy is necessary for the integrated recovery of liver cell mass and function. We propose that deficient hepatic energy production may explain the mechanism of liver failure after hepatectomy, and suggest that in vivo measurement of liver metabolism may provide a rational basis for the development and evaluation of hepatic support strategies.展开更多
The existing H.264/AVC rate control schemes rarely include the perceptual considerations.As a result,the im-provements in visual quality are hardly comparable to those in peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR).In this paper...The existing H.264/AVC rate control schemes rarely include the perceptual considerations.As a result,the im-provements in visual quality are hardly comparable to those in peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR).In this paper,we propose a perceptual importance analysis scheme to accurately abstract the spatial and temporal perceptual characteristics of video contents.Then we perform bit allocation at macroblock(MB)level by adopting a perceptual mode decision scheme,which adaptively updates the Lagrangian multiplier for mode decision according to the perceptual importance of each MB.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce bit rates without visual quality degradation.展开更多
Two types of coaxial self-balancing robots(CSBR)were proposed,one can be used as a mobile robot platform for parts transporting in unmanned factory or as an inspector in dangerous areas,and the other can be used as a ...Two types of coaxial self-balancing robots(CSBR)were proposed,one can be used as a mobile robot platform for parts transporting in unmanned factory or as an inspector in dangerous areas,and the other can be used as a personal transporter ridden in cities.Mechanical designing and control structures as well as control strategies were described and compared in order to get a general way to develop such robots.A state feedback controller and a fuzzy controller were designed for the robot using DC servo motors and the robot using torque motors,respectively.The experiments indicate that the robots can realize various desired operations smoothly and agilely at the velocity of 0.6 m/s with an operator of 65 kg.Furthermore,the robustness of the controllers is revealed since these controllers can stabilize the robot even with unknown external disturbances.展开更多
文摘当前AI工具存在自动化程度过高、人类控制不足造成生成结果可控性差的问题,成为其应用于专业影视创作的主要壁垒。本文通过总结自主视频生成流程“墨池”(Inkstone)设计与应用中的经验,结合人工智能(AI)与自动化领域的有意义人类控制(Meaningful Human Con⁃trol,MHC)概念,对比了三种不同的自动化工具设计思路,分析了基于MHC的AI影视创作流程和工具开发具体方式,以及目前加强人类控制的若干可行技术路径。研究表明,加强AI训练和生成过程中的MHC,有望在发挥AI工具优势的前提下,对生成内容进行准确控制,从而使创作能够体现艺术家意图,适应专业影视创作需求。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51005176)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100201120003)
文摘Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient tool in exploring human brains. It plays a very important role in diagnosis of disorders related to epilepsy and development of new interaction techniques between machines and human beings,namely,brain-computer interface (BCI). The purpose of this review is to illustrate the recent researches in EEG processing and EEG-based BCI. First,we outline several methods in removing artifacts from EEGs,and classical algorithms for fatigue detection are discussed. Then,two BCI paradigms including motor imagery and steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEP) produced by oscillating Newton's rings are introduced. Finally,BCI systems including wheelchair controlling and electronic car navigation are elaborated. As a new technique to control equipments,BCI has promising potential in rehabilitation of disorders in central nervous system,such as stroke and spinal cord injury,treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and development of novel games such as brain-controlled auto racings.
基金Project(60575053) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to simulate the gait of human walking on different terrains a new robot with six degrees of freedom was proposed. Based on sand bearing characteristic compliance control was introduced to control system in horizontal and vertical movement directions at the end of the robot,and position control in attitude. With Matlab/Simulink toolbox,the system control models were established,and the bearing characteristics of rigid ground,hard sand,soft sand and softer sand were simulated. The results show that 0,0.62,0.89 and 1.12 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground along the positive direction of x-axis,respectively,and 0,-0.96,-1.99 and -3.00 mm are the maximal subsidences along the negative direction of x-axis,respectively. Every subsidence along y-axis is negative,and 0,-4.12,-8.23 and -12.01 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground,respectively. Simulation results show that the subsidence of footboard points to inferior anterior in early stage of stand phase,while points to posterior aspect in late stage. The subsidence tends to point to posterior aspect in the whole. These results are basically consistent with the gait characteristics of human walking on sand. Gait simulation of the robot for human walking on sand is achieved.
文摘Objectives Partial hepatectomy induces a rapid transformation within the remnant liver, prompting a wave of hepatocyte mitosis which abates when the lost cell mass has been recovered. The mechanism of co-ordinated control of metabolism and maintenance of function during this period of dynamic change is incompletely understood. Furthermore, the biochemical basis of growth regulation in the regenerating liver has not been well defined. We have studied human liver regeneration using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P MRS). This non-invasive technique allows assay of high-energy phosphate compounds and also of phospholipid metabolites thought to be involved in cellular renewal processes.Methods Five patients undergoing liver resection were studied. Hepatic metabolism was evaluated using 31P MRS before surgery and on postoperative days 2,4,6 and 14. Estimation of liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling for biochemistry were performed at the same time points.Results We found that the regenerative response following loss of liver parenchyma produced a reversible decline in energy state which necessitated compensatory adjustments in liver synthetic and excretory (unctions. Volume regain was associated with alterations in phospholipid metabolism, which normalized when the hepatic growth spurt was completed.Conclusion These observations indicate that modulation of hepatocyte energy economy is necessary for the integrated recovery of liver cell mass and function. We propose that deficient hepatic energy production may explain the mechanism of liver failure after hepatectomy, and suggest that in vivo measurement of liver metabolism may provide a rational basis for the development and evaluation of hepatic support strategies.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions,China
文摘The existing H.264/AVC rate control schemes rarely include the perceptual considerations.As a result,the im-provements in visual quality are hardly comparable to those in peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR).In this paper,we propose a perceptual importance analysis scheme to accurately abstract the spatial and temporal perceptual characteristics of video contents.Then we perform bit allocation at macroblock(MB)level by adopting a perceptual mode decision scheme,which adaptively updates the Lagrangian multiplier for mode decision according to the perceptual importance of each MB.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce bit rates without visual quality degradation.
基金Project(61273344)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SKLRS-2010-ZD-40)supported by the StateKey Laboratory of Robotics and Systems(HIT),China+1 种基金Project(2008AA04Z208)supported by the National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20121101110011)supported by PhD Program Foundation of Ministry of Education,China
文摘Two types of coaxial self-balancing robots(CSBR)were proposed,one can be used as a mobile robot platform for parts transporting in unmanned factory or as an inspector in dangerous areas,and the other can be used as a personal transporter ridden in cities.Mechanical designing and control structures as well as control strategies were described and compared in order to get a general way to develop such robots.A state feedback controller and a fuzzy controller were designed for the robot using DC servo motors and the robot using torque motors,respectively.The experiments indicate that the robots can realize various desired operations smoothly and agilely at the velocity of 0.6 m/s with an operator of 65 kg.Furthermore,the robustness of the controllers is revealed since these controllers can stabilize the robot even with unknown external disturbances.