Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in kars...Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.展开更多
At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, a...At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, air, and water which reflect the human influence on organic and inorganic life. So, it is timely significant to pay attention on environmental preservation and management. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the Buddhist teaching could be used for environmental preservation and management. Accordingly, this study introduces a suitable long term environmental preservation model. The other objectives of this study are to learn Buddhism for environmental preservation and management, to create a new model which combines man and environment together, to compare Buddhist thinking and modem man＇s thinking regarding environmental preservation and management through the above and, to motivate man to preserve environment in through both direct and indirect ways. This study was based on the question whether the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized to solve today＇s environmental issues？ The hypothesis was that the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized for environmental preservation and management. For this purpose, the teachings of Buddha, related to environmental preservation as found in ＂Suttapil;aka＂ and ＂Vinayapi!;aka＂ were studied. In order to address these conditions we have subjected randomly collected information for interpretation and comparative analysis in qualitative research methodology. The content that has been analyzed is compared with the ethical code related to the patterns of human behavior and its relation to conservation. This has also given way to building some models related to the Buddhist teaching of environmental preservation. The objective of Buddhist philosophy is to generate sensitivity in the mind, of human beings and persuade them to preserve organic and inorganic environment, based on the view ＂Man is a creation of the environment＂. The Buddhist philosophical process of environmental preservation includes preserving flora and fauna, water, air, soil as well as garbage disposal. These elements, along with ethics, can be used in effective environment preservation. This new model of environmental preservation directs human beings towards sustainable development with a realistic vision. The Buddhist teaching on environment civilizes man＇s physical and spiritual behaviors, with a view to lead human beings towards environmental preservation with a realistic perspective.展开更多
With the use of over 100,000 industrially produced chemicals, there have been several concerns on human health and environment. Most of these chemicals are exposed into the natural environment during the life cycles o...With the use of over 100,000 industrially produced chemicals, there have been several concerns on human health and environment. Most of these chemicals are exposed into the natural environment during the life cycles of their production, transportation, storage, consumption, and as by-products and wastes. The rising rates of cancer, obesity, and infertility suggests that there are compounds recently introduced to the environment that have altered the chemistry of the human body, and it is only with the monitoring of xenobiotics such as Bisphenol A （BPA）, nonyphenols, estrogen （natural and synthetic） and other endocrine-disrupting compounds （EDCs） that patterns and links could be drawn. This paper investigates the safety, environmental and health （SHE） impacts caused by BPA, nonyphenols and estrogens. Derived from petroleum, bisphenol A is used in manufacturing plastic consumer products, including certain water bottles, in dental sealants for children＇s teeth, and in resins used to line tin cans. Nonyphenol is one of the by-products of alkylphenolpolyethoxilates which is widely used as nonionic surfactants. Synthetic estrogen used for birth control pills as well as natural estrogen excreted by women through urine enters the domestic wastewater streams. These compounds are considered to be EDCs and have severe SHE concerns. In this paper, the challenges of entry of these compounds （xenobiotics） into nature, health and environmental issues and their remediation have been reviewed in detail.展开更多
Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage br...Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage brought by us is also accelerating. Natural disasters happen frequently, including ecological degradation and deterioration, energy resources crisis, greenhouse effect, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes etc. The global crisis has once again waken-up call to mankind. How to properly solve these crises had become a common and urgent responsibility of mankind. This paper will mainly discuss and seek some new potential methods in solving energy crisis and environmental problems from the perspective of automotive and architecture design. As an architect, how to avoid light pollution and reduce heat absorption of roof, increasing heat reflectance of roof are becoming their main and urgent responsibilities. On the other hand, reducing greenhouse effect, researching and developing new low-carbon, low-emission fuel sources are also becoming automotive designers＇ obligations. Living in harmony with nature ＆ earth is becoming the common human themes of the 21 st century.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40801039,40801066,41001183)
文摘Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.
文摘At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, air, and water which reflect the human influence on organic and inorganic life. So, it is timely significant to pay attention on environmental preservation and management. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the Buddhist teaching could be used for environmental preservation and management. Accordingly, this study introduces a suitable long term environmental preservation model. The other objectives of this study are to learn Buddhism for environmental preservation and management, to create a new model which combines man and environment together, to compare Buddhist thinking and modem man＇s thinking regarding environmental preservation and management through the above and, to motivate man to preserve environment in through both direct and indirect ways. This study was based on the question whether the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized to solve today＇s environmental issues？ The hypothesis was that the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized for environmental preservation and management. For this purpose, the teachings of Buddha, related to environmental preservation as found in ＂Suttapil;aka＂ and ＂Vinayapi!;aka＂ were studied. In order to address these conditions we have subjected randomly collected information for interpretation and comparative analysis in qualitative research methodology. The content that has been analyzed is compared with the ethical code related to the patterns of human behavior and its relation to conservation. This has also given way to building some models related to the Buddhist teaching of environmental preservation. The objective of Buddhist philosophy is to generate sensitivity in the mind, of human beings and persuade them to preserve organic and inorganic environment, based on the view ＂Man is a creation of the environment＂. The Buddhist philosophical process of environmental preservation includes preserving flora and fauna, water, air, soil as well as garbage disposal. These elements, along with ethics, can be used in effective environment preservation. This new model of environmental preservation directs human beings towards sustainable development with a realistic vision. The Buddhist teaching on environment civilizes man＇s physical and spiritual behaviors, with a view to lead human beings towards environmental preservation with a realistic perspective.
文摘With the use of over 100,000 industrially produced chemicals, there have been several concerns on human health and environment. Most of these chemicals are exposed into the natural environment during the life cycles of their production, transportation, storage, consumption, and as by-products and wastes. The rising rates of cancer, obesity, and infertility suggests that there are compounds recently introduced to the environment that have altered the chemistry of the human body, and it is only with the monitoring of xenobiotics such as Bisphenol A （BPA）, nonyphenols, estrogen （natural and synthetic） and other endocrine-disrupting compounds （EDCs） that patterns and links could be drawn. This paper investigates the safety, environmental and health （SHE） impacts caused by BPA, nonyphenols and estrogens. Derived from petroleum, bisphenol A is used in manufacturing plastic consumer products, including certain water bottles, in dental sealants for children＇s teeth, and in resins used to line tin cans. Nonyphenol is one of the by-products of alkylphenolpolyethoxilates which is widely used as nonionic surfactants. Synthetic estrogen used for birth control pills as well as natural estrogen excreted by women through urine enters the domestic wastewater streams. These compounds are considered to be EDCs and have severe SHE concerns. In this paper, the challenges of entry of these compounds （xenobiotics） into nature, health and environmental issues and their remediation have been reviewed in detail.
文摘Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage brought by us is also accelerating. Natural disasters happen frequently, including ecological degradation and deterioration, energy resources crisis, greenhouse effect, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes etc. The global crisis has once again waken-up call to mankind. How to properly solve these crises had become a common and urgent responsibility of mankind. This paper will mainly discuss and seek some new potential methods in solving energy crisis and environmental problems from the perspective of automotive and architecture design. As an architect, how to avoid light pollution and reduce heat absorption of roof, increasing heat reflectance of roof are becoming their main and urgent responsibilities. On the other hand, reducing greenhouse effect, researching and developing new low-carbon, low-emission fuel sources are also becoming automotive designers＇ obligations. Living in harmony with nature ＆ earth is becoming the common human themes of the 21 st century.
