浅析大江健三郎的《人羊》

大江健三郎是日本当代著名的存在主义作家,他的作品多展现现代人所面临的生活危机与生存困境。大江健三郎一生作品无数,《人羊》是他众多作品中的一部,虽说是很短的一篇小说,却可以称得上大江健三郎前期创作的一部代表性作品。

《人羊》中的隐喻叙事

隐喻是大江健三郎文学创作的重要手段,本文以其早期作品《人羊》为中心,从修辞隐喻、身体隐喻和空间隐喻三方面分析作品中所体现的隐喻叙事特点。大江小说给我们创造了一个个隐喻的想象世界,理解其隐喻的本质,对于挖掘小说精髓具有深远的意义。

人羊大战

今天，我和一只羊进行了一番较量，虽然很惊险，但是因为保住了地里的菜，同时帮助了一只幼小的羊，我感到很高兴。

伊犁出土青铜器的保护与修复——人羊高足铜盘修复记

由西北大学文化遗产学院刘成老师带领的团队对伊犁哈萨克自治州博物馆馆藏修复方案在内的共121件金属器文物,进行了一次为期3年的全面保护修复项目工程。这些金属器从4000多年前的安德罗诺沃文化到明清时期。人羊高足铜盘就是这次修复项目的重点文物之一,它是新疆伊犁河流域目前出土的斯基泰文化最有代表性的一件典型的塞人器型,距今已有2500多年的历史了,相当于中原的春秋战国时期,为国家一级保护文物。经过治疗康复的'病人'将作为伊犁青铜器文化的代表文物,待正在新建的博物馆全面建成后,再次呈现在伊犁哈萨克自治州博物馆历史陈列厅,供广大游客观赏。

浅析大江健三郎《人羊》中的人物形象

大江健三郎是日本第二位获得诺贝尔文学奖的著名作家,创作了众多脍炙人口的优秀作品,并在世界范围内广为传播。其中短篇小说《人羊》以其出色的人物刻画成为大江早期的代表性作品。小说中的主要人物主人公"我"、美国兵以及教员等分别代表了战后日本社会的某些群体。大江通过对这些人物的各种描写展现了战后日本社会的扭曲与荒唐。本文试图通过分析《人羊》中的受害者——主人公"我"、加害者——外国兵以及旁观者——教员等主要人物形象,解读这些人物形象的代表意义,从而进一步探讨作品主题。

存在主义的不同阐释者:海明威与大江健三郎

本文从存在主义“世界是荒谬的”、“自由选择”及“责任”等概念出发 ,比较海明威与大江健三郎在作品中对存在主义这些概念的不同阐述 。

Protective effects of icariin on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injured by angiotensin Ⅱ

To investigate the effects of icariin （ICA） on angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells line （ECV-304）. The ECV-304 cells were cultured in vitro. After 24 h incubating with icariin, the model of AngⅡ-induced injury in ECV-304 was established. The cell viability （MTT method）, Lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release and Nitric oxide （NO） production in the medium, the capacity of scavenging superoxide anion radicals （O2^-） and hydroxyl radicals （.OH） were measured. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, total nitric oxide synthase （T-NOS）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and constitutive nitric oxide synthase （cNOS） in the cells were determined. Compared with the Ang Ⅱ-treated group, ICA can significantly raise the viability of EC, increase the activities of SOD, T-NOS and cNOS, increase the production of NO, enhance the capacity of scavenging superoxide anion radicals （ O2^- ） and hydroxyl radicals（.OH）, and lower LDH leakage and iNOS activity. The results suggest that ICA can protect endothelial cells （ECV-304） from Ang II-induced injury.

Characterization of Side Cell Populations Obtained from Human Amnion Mesenchymal Cells

Human amnion mesenchymal cells （AMCs） contain muhipotent cells. To enrich such muhipotent stem cells, we applied to AMCs the new method for the isolation of side population （SP） cells used for the enrichment of muhipotent stem cells from many tissues. We succeeded in obtaining SP cells from AMCs （AMC-SP cells）. AMC-SP cells were found in 0.2 % of AMCs, irrespective of the length of pregnant period, ranging from 37 to 40 weeks. Cell cycle analyses suggested that AMC-SP cells belonged to a cell population that proliferated very slowly and/or was in a quiescent state in the amniotic membrane. Upon culturing, they proliferated with 40 to 80 cell doublings. However, they did not form colonies in a soft agarose culture, whereas HepG2 cells, representative human hepatoma cells formed many large colonies. These results suggest that AMC-SP cells that have considerable value for the use of regenerative medicine can be managed safely in vitro.

Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Epimedium and Ginseng Contained Combinations Using HPLC

Aim To develop a rapid, effective method for the determination of flavonoidsand ginsenosides in one injection and evaluate the flavonoids and ginsenosides content to controlthe ratio of Epimedium and Ginseng herbs in botanical combinations. Methods The quality evaluationwas determinatted using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatog-raphy (HPLC), referred bythe major flavonoids from Epimedium, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin as thestandards, and the major ginsenosides Rg_1, Re, Rf, Rb_1, Rb_2, and Rd as the standards, includedEpimedium brevicornum Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc) Maxim., E. koreanum NaKai, P. ginseng C.A. Meyer, P. quinquefolium L., P. notoginseng and some products containing the above herbs. ResultsThe main flavonoids and ginsenosides could be clearly resolved in the single analysis. ConclusionThe results can be effectively used in evaluating qualitatively and quantitatively the ration ofEpimedium and Ginseng contained products.

Factors Influencing the Superovulation and Artificial Insemination of Sheep

[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of conventional superovulation and insemination, such as combination of FSH hormone and sponge suppository, estrus interval, number of insemination, and ram individuals were analyzed. [Result] The combination of sponge suppository and FSH produced in Beijing exhibited the poorest effect to superovulation, significantly worse than that of other combinations （P0.01）. The FSH produced in Ningbo, combined with sponge suppository or CIDR produced better effect to superovulation. The superovulation effect was better when the interval from the last FSH injection to estrus was 12 h, significantly better than that when the interval was 36 h （P0.01）; and there was no difference in the superovulation results when the interval was 0, 12 and 24 h. The pregnancy rate of two artificial inseminations was significantly higher than that of only one insemination （P0.01）. Rams themselves had significant influence on fertilization results. [Conclusion] The combination of domestic FSH and domestic sponge suppository cost much less and dose not reduce the superovulation results. Better fertilization result can be obtained if the ewes are inseminated twice with the sperm those gave high pregnancy rate.

Carcass Characteristics and Environmental Parameters Effects on Carcass Composition of Lori-Bakhtiari Sheep

In this study, data of body weight at slaughter （SW; n = 465）, hot carcass weight （HCW; n = 465）, cold carcass weight （CCW; n = 401）, carcass lean weight （CLW; n = 314）, carcass bone weight （CBW; n = 401）, carcass total fat weight （CTFW; n = 314） and fat-tail weight （FTW; n = 401） in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were measured to determine their possible use in breeding programmers aimed at improving ability to carcass quality in this breed. Lambs were slaughtered at 195 ＋ 27 days of age. The method of slaughtering and cultting was Iranian cutting approach. SAS procedures were used for the statistical analysis. Means and their respective standard deviations for SW, HCW, CCW, CLW, CBW, CTFW and FTW were 45.41 ± 6.86, 22.81 ± 4.32, 22.53 ± 4.18, 11.14 ± 1.71, 3.47 ± 0.43, 7.19 ± 2.42 and 3.65 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation for CTFW and FTW were 33.62 percent and 38.01 percent, respectively. Environmental effects of kind of rearing after weaning and type of birth on HCW, CCW, CLW, CTFW and FTW traits were significant. Consequently, considerable variation exists for carcass composition traits, especially for carcass fat and fat-tail.

Interrelation between Seasonal Grazing Behavior of Guizhou Black Goat and Grassland Productivity

In order to discover the relationship of the Guizhou black goat seasona grazing behavior traits and grassland productivity, the varieties of grazing behavior of Guizhou black goat and its relationship with the grassland productivity under different grazing intensity in all seasons on Guizhou karst artificial grassland were studied. Obvious differences for goat grazing behavior were found under differen grazing intensity in either the same season or different seasons. The grazing behav ior in the same season showed that it could significantly reduce the mouth eating grass within 5 minutes, each step number, feeding speed, each food intake, daily feed intake（P0.05） under high grazing intensity. In different seasons, it could in crease the feeding time within 5 min, marching step, standing time and intake（P0.05） in the spring; while in the summer, it could improve intake mouth number each mouth eating grass number and feeding rate（P0.05）. It had no obvious dif ference in ruminant behavior parameters in the same season under different grazing intensity, but in different seasons, it can obviously increase ruminant within 5 minutes, number of ruminant feed group（P0.05） in the spring, and it can obviously in crease the time and number of each food group chew（P0.05） in the summer. The correlation analysis of main goat grazing behavior parameter showed that it had good correlation among other parameters except within 5 min walk time, each feed intake and daily feed intake（P0.05）.The relationship between goat grazing behavio parameters and grassland productivity showed that, the foraging time and standing time within 5 min were lower in the medium level of grassland productivity, while number of food intake, every step to eat grass and daily feed intake were higher with increasing grassland productivity, goats feeding speed was reduced, but each intake was increased.

Sarah Palin and the Rhetoric of Victimage： From Pit Bull to Victim

This study argues that the 2008 presidential campaign provided a setting in which Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin began using the rhetoric of victimage——presenting herself as the victim of unfair media coverage. This study analyzes Palin＇s rhetoric using a three-step approach to Burke＇s concept of victimage： （1） identification of self as victim, （2） identification of a scapegoat who can be blamed for the victim＇s problems, and （3） catharsis or tragic dignification. The results of the analysis indicated that Palin＇s rhetorical strategy emerged during the 2008 election and was fully functional by the time she resigned as Alaska Governor in July 2009. Eventually, victimage rhetoric became her most constant rhetorical theme. Her approach was only partially successful, increasing her positive image among Republicans but contributing to a negative image among Democrats and independents.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GUT SUTURE, HUMAN AMNION COLLAGEN, BOVINE SKIN COLLAGEN AND VICRYL SUTURE IMPLANTS IN RATS

This study compares the persistence and histological characteristics of gut suture with those of human amnion collagen, bovine collagen, and Vicryl suture implants in rats. Gut suture and human amnion collagen more resembled living tissue than did bovine collagen and were characterized by their cel1ularity and the presence of numerous capillaries. The Vicryl suture implants were quickly absorbed. Picrosirius polarization revealed the synthesis of host collagen by rat fibroblasts which immigrated into the gut suture and human amnion collagen implants. The authors suggest the potential of gut suture as a soft tissue substitute to improve linear skin contour deficits.

A Reexamination of the Legacy of Lt. General James Longstreet, CSA

It is the purpose of this paper to reexamine the systematic process by which James Longstreet became the scapegoat for the defeat of the Battle of Gettysburg and consequently caused the South to lose her chance to become an independent country. James Longstreet played a crucial role in the American Civil War. He was Robert E. Lee＇s hand chosen Senior Lt. General, commanding the 1st Corp of the Army of northern Virginia. At the close of the war, he was a highly respected and accomplished general. However, following the death of Robert E. Lee, Longstreet＇s military reputation came under severe criticism. Without Lee to dispute the controversial allegations, the public accepted them as true. This organized effort of a small group of Confederate officers to destroy Longstreet＇s military accomplishment was also known as The Lost Cause Writers.

Life in Kazuo Ishiguro＇s Never Let Me Go

With the announcement of the sheep clone Dolly as the breakthrough in the biotechnology in news media around the turn of the twenty-first century, the rising issue of human clones in its development and the controversially bioethical issues ensued, Kazuo Ishiguro in Never Let Me Go （2005） focuses his attention, in the area of cell therapy, on how human clones, since produced, lead their model lives and face their deaths, in order that his readers may better understand the meanings of life and death, and that they may stay in a far closer relationship with their family and friends than ever. In this essay, I examine, in two worlds, the normals＇ and the clones＇, paralleling each other, the true meanings of being human and their lives through the perspective of Jacques Derrida＇s deconstruction; and I argue that Ishiguro misspeaks to his readers the true meanings of life and death especially through the clones＇ perspective and brings them to his readers＇ hearts further realistically. In Derrida＇s nature-culture structurality of the clones, it is Kathy H. who comes as center into which the other clones come as freeplay in the structurality of the real world, where it is normals who come as center into which clones come as freeplay under the structurality of power in the institutions where the clones＇ culture comes as center into which Miss Emily＇s ruling comes as freeplay by the structurality of authorship where the author comes as center into which the novel comes as freeplay.

Ureaplasma urealyticum-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins introduce IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines into human amniotic epithelial cells via Toll-like receptor 2

Objective： The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum-derived lipidassociated membrane proteins （LAMPs） in the host innate immune system, specifically their effect on Toll-like receptors （TLRs）. Methods： LAMPs were derived from U. urea/yticum strains, and human amniotic epithelial cells （HAECs） were isolated from healthy full-term placentas. Cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and TLR2 mRNA by real-time PCR. Expression of TLR2 was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results： LAMPs induced HAECs to produce inflammatory cytokines interleukin （IL）-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α. Cytokine production was reduced after blocking TLR2 using TLR2 inhibitor （anti-hTLR2-IgA）. Conclusions： LAMPs isolated from U. urealyticum induced TLR2-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory genes and cytokines in HAECs.

Icaritin enhances sorafenib-induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway

Sorafenib remains the standard systemic treatment for advanced human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the low response rate,high recurrence,and high progression limit the therapeutic efficacy.Therefore,a combination therapy strategy was advanced to strengthen the antitumor effects of sorafenib.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate whether icaritin could enhance the inhibitory effects of sorafenib on HCC cells and clarify the underlying mechanism.The cell viability was evaluated via MTT assay,and the synergistic inhibitory effects of sorafenib and icaritin were verified by calculating the combination index(CI).Their combined effects on cell proliferation or apoptosis were investigated using colony formation assay and flow cytometry.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was detected by flow cytometric assay.The protein expressions associated with the apoptotic pathway were determined by Western blotting analysis.The data demonstrated that sorafenib and icaritin exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on cell viability(CI<1).Icaritin enhanced the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on colony formation and sorafenib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells.We discovered a reduced level of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and an elevated level of proapoptotic protein Bax when the cells were exposed to the combination.The effect of cleaved and activated PARP was also enhanced.Cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were increased markedly in the combination group.Furthermore,the combination of icaritin and sorafenib significantly increased the loss of MMP compared with the single treatment group and induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol.These findings indicated that icaritin could enhance sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity and trigger sorafenib-induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.