Objective: To scan single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in Chinese alpha-2Aadrenergic receptor (α_(2A)-AR) gene and study the effects of the SNP on the gene expression.Methods: The complete sequence of α_(2A)-AR g...Objective: To scan single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in Chinese alpha-2Aadrenergic receptor (α_(2A)-AR) gene and study the effects of the SNP on the gene expression.Methods: The complete sequence of α_(2A)-AR gene was analyzed with automated DNA sequencer to scanSNPs. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and a 239 bp fragment containing the G/Cpolymorphism was amplified with PCR using a pair of. specific primers. PCR-RFLP was used to performthe genotyping of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp of the people in the North of China. Electrophoresismobility shift assay ( EMSA ) was used to study the binding of the 390 bp fragments (- 1 414-1 025bp) with G or C at the site-1 296 bp and nuclear extracts . Results: In our study, two SNPs werefound in α_(2A)-AR gene. Allele frequencies of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp were 0.61 and 0.39 forG and C , and the genotype frequencies were 0.34 , 0.54 and 0.13 for GG, GC and CC respectively fromthe people in the North of China. In the EMSA, a specific binding appeared in the complex ofnuclear extracts and DNA with C at-1 296 bp . Conclusion: Two SNPs exist in α_(2A)-AR gene from thepeople in the North of China , and DNA fragment with allele C of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp couldbind with a specific protein, which could influence the gene expression.展开更多
AIM:To study the association between hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC) and pre-existing medical conditions. METHODS:Three hundred and thirteen HC patients admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital(Shanghai,Chi...AIM:To study the association between hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC) and pre-existing medical conditions. METHODS:Three hundred and thirteen HC patients admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital(Shanghai,China) in 2000-2005 and 608 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Association between HC and pre-existing medical conditions was studied with their adjusted odds ratio(OR) calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:The prevalence of choledocholithiasis(adjusted OR=2.704,P=0.039) ,hepatolithiasis(adjusted OR=3.278,P=0.018) ,cholecystolithiasis(adjusted OR =4.499,P<0.0001) ,cholecystectomy(adjusted OR =7.012,P=0.004) ,biliary ascariasis(adjusted OR= 7.188,P=0.001) ,liver fluke(adjusted OR=10.088,P =0.042) and liver schistosomiasis(adjusted OR=9.913,P=0.001) was higher in HC patients than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION:Biliary tract stone disease(choledocho-lithiasis,hepatolithiasis,cholecystolithiasis) and parasitic liver disease(biliary ascariasis,liver fluke,liver schistosomiasis) are the risk factors for HC in Chinese population.展开更多
We evaluated the seasonal variation in plankton community composition in an artificial lake. We conducted microscopic analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNAand 18...We evaluated the seasonal variation in plankton community composition in an artificial lake. We conducted microscopic analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNAand 18S rRNAgenes to characterize the plankton community. The clustering of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was then used to investigate the similarity of these plankton communities. DGGE fingerprinting revealed that samples collected at the different sites within a season shared high similarity and were generally grouped together. In contrast, we did not observe any seasonal variation based on microscopic analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the plankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in relation to environmental factors revealed that transparency was negatively correlated with the first axis (R=-0.931), and temperature and total phosphorus (TP) were positively correlated with the first axis (R=0.736 and R=0.660, respectively). In conclusion, plankton communities in the artificial lake exhibited significant seasonal variation. Transparency, phosphorus and temperature appear to be the major factors driving the differences in plankton composition.展开更多
The first case of Prinzmetal angina was described in 1959 by Prinzmetal, et al. Since this description, several triggering factors have been associated with vasospastic angina （VA） and included： illicit drugs such ...The first case of Prinzmetal angina was described in 1959 by Prinzmetal, et al. Since this description, several triggering factors have been associated with vasospastic angina （VA） and included： illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine or marijuana, but also bitter-orange, alcohol, butane, chemotherapy drugs, over-the-counter medication and different antibiotics. Smoking is also a major risk factor for developing VA.t21 Thus, except for smoking, many of conventional atherosclerosis risk factors do not appear to be applicable to VA.t21 However, vasospastic angina can also occur without any triggering factor.展开更多
Ab Objective： We evaluated the prognostic factors of patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Methods： In the current retrospective study, 138 patients of stage I gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherap...Ab Objective： We evaluated the prognostic factors of patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Methods： In the current retrospective study, 138 patients of stage I gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Survival rate was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate （Log rank） and multivariate （Cox model） analysis methods. Results： Univariate analysis showed and multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status （P = 0.001）, weight loss （P = 0.001）, depth of invasion （P = 0.000）, presence of peritoneal metastasis （P = 0.005）, more than 1 metastatic site （P = 0.029） and elevated total bilirubin （P = 0.018） were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. According to the outcomes of the Cox model analysis, a formula of the prognostic index was developed. According to the values of PI, 16 patients were categorized as the good risk group, 28 patients were categorized as the moderate risk group and 8 patients were categorized as the poor risk group, respectively. The survival ratios of 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of the good risk group were 75.00%, 50.00%, 25.00%, respectively. The survival ratios of 6 month, 1-year and 2-year of the moderate risk group were 71.79%, 28.57%, 7.14%, respectively. While the survival ratios of 6 month, 12 months and 24 months of the poor risk group were 50%, 0, 0, respectively. The overall survival ratios of the 3 groups were compared in pairs. Conclusion： Poor performance status, depth of invasion, elevated total bilirubin, more than 1 metastatic site, presence of peritoneal metastasis ,weight loss were the independent prognostic factors. A formula of the prognostic index was developed, and it could help clinicians and patients in clinical decision-making and treatment tailoring based on the estimated prognosis.展开更多
The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) increased from 26. 04 per 100 000 in 1987 to 104. 81 per 100 000 in 1993 in selected areas of the country. Gonorrhea is by far the most common STD but its constitue...The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) increased from 26. 04 per 100 000 in 1987 to 104. 81 per 100 000 in 1993 in selected areas of the country. Gonorrhea is by far the most common STD but its constituent ratio declined because of a rapid increase of nongonococcal uretheritis and genital warts during most recent years. The incidence of syphilis is relatively low and cases of congenital infection are noted. The wide spread of resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection gives a challenge to the therapeutical and control strategies of STDs. Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections, an important cause of urethritis. cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. is becoming common in our country. Attention has been drawn on viral hepatitis in their means of transmission by sexually behaviors, and also, on the homosexuals, assumed to be the high risk group to catch STDs. Coordinated national efforts to control STDs in China have been taken.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplific...OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplification (ASA) PCR and multiplex long PCR were developed to detect the CYP2D6 alleles * 2, * 3, * 4, * 5, * 6, * 8, * 10 and * 14 in 223 subjects from Chinese mainland. RESULTS: The CYP2D6 * 5 allele was the most frequent poor metabolizer (PM) allele in Chinese (7.2%), followed by CYP2D6 * 14 (2.0%) which was only detected in orientals. There was only 0.2% CYP2D6 * 4, and no CYP2D6 * 3, * 6 and * 8 were detected. In contrast to the Caucasians, the most frequent allele in Chinese was the * 10 allele with a frequency of 51.6%. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of PM alleles, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 14, were higher; but the frequency of CYP2D6 * 10 was lower in mainland Chinese population than that in other orientals.展开更多
We aimed to investigate risk factors of local and distant recurrence in small-sized, node negative breast cancer in women 〈35 years in a Chinese cohort. Between January 1994 and January 2007, 107 patients with pathol...We aimed to investigate risk factors of local and distant recurrence in small-sized, node negative breast cancer in women 〈35 years in a Chinese cohort. Between January 1994 and January 2007, 107 patients with pathologically confirmed small-sized （E1 cm）, node negative breast cancer who did not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were included. The 5-year recurrence-free survival （RFS） was estimated according to different prognostic variables. With a median time of 60 months （range, 8-60 months） follow-up, local and distant recurrence were observed in 25 cases （23.4%）. By univariate analysis, HER-2 positivity, triple negative （TN）, and high Ki-67 index （~14%） were risk factors of a lower RFS （hazard ratio （HR） 6.680, 95% confidence interval （CI） 2.350-18.985, P〈0.0001 for HER-2 positive; HR 4.769, 95%CI 1.559-14.591, P=0.006 for TN; HR 6.030, 95%CI 2.659-13.674, P〈0.0001 for high Ki-67 index）. Patients with grade 3 tumors had a lower RFS （HR 2.922, 95%CI 1.096-7.791, P=0.032） compared with those with grade 1 or grade 2 tumors. By multivariate analysis, HER-2 positivity （HR 10.204, 95%CI 3.391-30.704, P〈0.0001）, TN （HR 10.521, 95% CI 3.152-35.113, P〈0.0001） and high Ki-67 index （HR 10.820, 95%CI 4.338-27.002, P〈0.0001） remained risk factors of RFS. In this cohort, HER-2 positivity, triple neg- ative and high Ki-67 index were independent risk factors of RFS in young patients with Tla,bN0 breast cancer. Subsequent pregnancy did not affect RFS.展开更多
文摘Objective: To scan single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in Chinese alpha-2Aadrenergic receptor (α_(2A)-AR) gene and study the effects of the SNP on the gene expression.Methods: The complete sequence of α_(2A)-AR gene was analyzed with automated DNA sequencer to scanSNPs. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and a 239 bp fragment containing the G/Cpolymorphism was amplified with PCR using a pair of. specific primers. PCR-RFLP was used to performthe genotyping of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp of the people in the North of China. Electrophoresismobility shift assay ( EMSA ) was used to study the binding of the 390 bp fragments (- 1 414-1 025bp) with G or C at the site-1 296 bp and nuclear extracts . Results: In our study, two SNPs werefound in α_(2A)-AR gene. Allele frequencies of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp were 0.61 and 0.39 forG and C , and the genotype frequencies were 0.34 , 0.54 and 0.13 for GG, GC and CC respectively fromthe people in the North of China. In the EMSA, a specific binding appeared in the complex ofnuclear extracts and DNA with C at-1 296 bp . Conclusion: Two SNPs exist in α_(2A)-AR gene from thepeople in the North of China , and DNA fragment with allele C of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp couldbind with a specific protein, which could influence the gene expression.
文摘AIM:To study the association between hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC) and pre-existing medical conditions. METHODS:Three hundred and thirteen HC patients admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital(Shanghai,China) in 2000-2005 and 608 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Association between HC and pre-existing medical conditions was studied with their adjusted odds ratio(OR) calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:The prevalence of choledocholithiasis(adjusted OR=2.704,P=0.039) ,hepatolithiasis(adjusted OR=3.278,P=0.018) ,cholecystolithiasis(adjusted OR =4.499,P<0.0001) ,cholecystectomy(adjusted OR =7.012,P=0.004) ,biliary ascariasis(adjusted OR= 7.188,P=0.001) ,liver fluke(adjusted OR=10.088,P =0.042) and liver schistosomiasis(adjusted OR=9.913,P=0.001) was higher in HC patients than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION:Biliary tract stone disease(choledocho-lithiasis,hepatolithiasis,cholecystolithiasis) and parasitic liver disease(biliary ascariasis,liver fluke,liver schistosomiasis) are the risk factors for HC in Chinese population.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2007CB109205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30970553)
文摘We evaluated the seasonal variation in plankton community composition in an artificial lake. We conducted microscopic analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNAand 18S rRNAgenes to characterize the plankton community. The clustering of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was then used to investigate the similarity of these plankton communities. DGGE fingerprinting revealed that samples collected at the different sites within a season shared high similarity and were generally grouped together. In contrast, we did not observe any seasonal variation based on microscopic analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the plankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in relation to environmental factors revealed that transparency was negatively correlated with the first axis (R=-0.931), and temperature and total phosphorus (TP) were positively correlated with the first axis (R=0.736 and R=0.660, respectively). In conclusion, plankton communities in the artificial lake exhibited significant seasonal variation. Transparency, phosphorus and temperature appear to be the major factors driving the differences in plankton composition.
文摘The first case of Prinzmetal angina was described in 1959 by Prinzmetal, et al. Since this description, several triggering factors have been associated with vasospastic angina （VA） and included： illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine or marijuana, but also bitter-orange, alcohol, butane, chemotherapy drugs, over-the-counter medication and different antibiotics. Smoking is also a major risk factor for developing VA.t21 Thus, except for smoking, many of conventional atherosclerosis risk factors do not appear to be applicable to VA.t21 However, vasospastic angina can also occur without any triggering factor.
文摘Ab Objective： We evaluated the prognostic factors of patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Methods： In the current retrospective study, 138 patients of stage I gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Survival rate was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate （Log rank） and multivariate （Cox model） analysis methods. Results： Univariate analysis showed and multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status （P = 0.001）, weight loss （P = 0.001）, depth of invasion （P = 0.000）, presence of peritoneal metastasis （P = 0.005）, more than 1 metastatic site （P = 0.029） and elevated total bilirubin （P = 0.018） were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. According to the outcomes of the Cox model analysis, a formula of the prognostic index was developed. According to the values of PI, 16 patients were categorized as the good risk group, 28 patients were categorized as the moderate risk group and 8 patients were categorized as the poor risk group, respectively. The survival ratios of 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of the good risk group were 75.00%, 50.00%, 25.00%, respectively. The survival ratios of 6 month, 1-year and 2-year of the moderate risk group were 71.79%, 28.57%, 7.14%, respectively. While the survival ratios of 6 month, 12 months and 24 months of the poor risk group were 50%, 0, 0, respectively. The overall survival ratios of the 3 groups were compared in pairs. Conclusion： Poor performance status, depth of invasion, elevated total bilirubin, more than 1 metastatic site, presence of peritoneal metastasis ,weight loss were the independent prognostic factors. A formula of the prognostic index was developed, and it could help clinicians and patients in clinical decision-making and treatment tailoring based on the estimated prognosis.
文摘The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) increased from 26. 04 per 100 000 in 1987 to 104. 81 per 100 000 in 1993 in selected areas of the country. Gonorrhea is by far the most common STD but its constituent ratio declined because of a rapid increase of nongonococcal uretheritis and genital warts during most recent years. The incidence of syphilis is relatively low and cases of congenital infection are noted. The wide spread of resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection gives a challenge to the therapeutical and control strategies of STDs. Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections, an important cause of urethritis. cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. is becoming common in our country. Attention has been drawn on viral hepatitis in their means of transmission by sexually behaviors, and also, on the homosexuals, assumed to be the high risk group to catch STDs. Coordinated national efforts to control STDs in China have been taken.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplification (ASA) PCR and multiplex long PCR were developed to detect the CYP2D6 alleles * 2, * 3, * 4, * 5, * 6, * 8, * 10 and * 14 in 223 subjects from Chinese mainland. RESULTS: The CYP2D6 * 5 allele was the most frequent poor metabolizer (PM) allele in Chinese (7.2%), followed by CYP2D6 * 14 (2.0%) which was only detected in orientals. There was only 0.2% CYP2D6 * 4, and no CYP2D6 * 3, * 6 and * 8 were detected. In contrast to the Caucasians, the most frequent allele in Chinese was the * 10 allele with a frequency of 51.6%. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of PM alleles, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 14, were higher; but the frequency of CYP2D6 * 10 was lower in mainland Chinese population than that in other orientals.
文摘We aimed to investigate risk factors of local and distant recurrence in small-sized, node negative breast cancer in women 〈35 years in a Chinese cohort. Between January 1994 and January 2007, 107 patients with pathologically confirmed small-sized （E1 cm）, node negative breast cancer who did not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were included. The 5-year recurrence-free survival （RFS） was estimated according to different prognostic variables. With a median time of 60 months （range, 8-60 months） follow-up, local and distant recurrence were observed in 25 cases （23.4%）. By univariate analysis, HER-2 positivity, triple negative （TN）, and high Ki-67 index （~14%） were risk factors of a lower RFS （hazard ratio （HR） 6.680, 95% confidence interval （CI） 2.350-18.985, P〈0.0001 for HER-2 positive; HR 4.769, 95%CI 1.559-14.591, P=0.006 for TN; HR 6.030, 95%CI 2.659-13.674, P〈0.0001 for high Ki-67 index）. Patients with grade 3 tumors had a lower RFS （HR 2.922, 95%CI 1.096-7.791, P=0.032） compared with those with grade 1 or grade 2 tumors. By multivariate analysis, HER-2 positivity （HR 10.204, 95%CI 3.391-30.704, P〈0.0001）, TN （HR 10.521, 95% CI 3.152-35.113, P〈0.0001） and high Ki-67 index （HR 10.820, 95%CI 4.338-27.002, P〈0.0001） remained risk factors of RFS. In this cohort, HER-2 positivity, triple neg- ative and high Ki-67 index were independent risk factors of RFS in young patients with Tla,bN0 breast cancer. Subsequent pregnancy did not affect RFS.
