This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gal...This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, i.e. acute pancreatitis and obstructive jandice, can be lethal, and patients with acalculous gallbladder pain often pose diagnostic difficulties and undergo repeated ultrasound scans and oral cholecystograms. Moreover, surgery to remove the gallbladder in these patients, in an attempt to relieve the symptoms, gives variable results. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the physiological and pathological functions of the biliary system, but the mechanism of the pathogenesis of gallstones and pain production still remain poorly understood. It is believed that the mechanical factors play an essential role in the mechanisms of the gallstone formation and biliary diseases. However, despite the extensive literature in clinical studies, only limited work has been carried out to study the biliary system from the mechanical point of view. In this paper, we discuss the state of art knowledge of the fluid dynamics of bile flow in the biliary tract, the solid mechanics of the gallbladder and bile ducts, recent mathematical and numerical modelling of the system, and finally the future challenges in the area.展开更多
In order to relieve the abdominal distension and other discomforts due to gastrointestinal dysfunction after abdominal operations, the patients were treated by auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli (ST...In order to relieve the abdominal distension and other discomforts due to gastrointestinal dysfunction after abdominal operations, the patients were treated by auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36). 12 (92.4%) of the 13 cases in the treatment group showed recovery of normal peristalsis within 72 hours after operations, while that in 13 cases of the control group was 46.1%, indicating that auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) may promote postoperative recovery of the intestinal function.展开更多
AIM To present clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies in elderly patients with biliary diseases. METHODS A total of 289 elderly patients with biliary diseases were enrolled in this study. The cli...AIM To present clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies in elderly patients with biliary diseases. METHODS A total of 289 elderly patients with biliary diseases were enrolled in this study. The clinical data relating to these patients were collected in our hospital from June 2013 to May 2016. Patient age, disease type, coexisting diseases, laboratory examinations, surgical methods, postoperative complications and therapeutic outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The average age of the 289 patients with biliary diseases was 73.9 +/- 8.5 years (range, 60-102 years). One hundred and thirty-one patients (45.3%) had one of 10 different biliary diseases, such as gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, and cholangiocarcinoma. The remaining patients (54.7%) had two types of biliary diseases. One hundred and seventy-nine patients underwent 9 different surgical treatments, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ten postoperative complications occurred with an incidence of 39.3% (68/173), and hypopotassemia showed the highest incidence (33.8%, 23/68). One hundred and sixteen patients underwent non-surgical treatments, including anti-infection, symptomatic and supportive treatments. The cure rate was 97.1% (168/173) in the surgical group and 87.1% (101/116) in the non-surgical group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (chi(2) = 17.227, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Active treatment of coexisting diseases, management of indications and surgical opportunities, appropriate selection of surgical procedures, improvements in perioperative therapy, and timely management of postoperative complications are key factors in enhancing therapeutic efficacy in elderly patients with biliary diseases.展开更多
AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangioca...AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P < 0.0001). Significantly more cholangiocarcinoma patients had diabetes, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis B/C infection than noncholangiocarcinoma participants(diabetes: 11.42% vs 5.28%; cirrhosis: 4.81% vs 0.92%; hepatitis B: 0.74% vs 0.12%; and hepatitis C: 0.50% vs 0.10%, P < 0.0001 for all, respectively). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 81.7%, with a stable trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.展开更多
Taichong(LR 3),the Shu and Yuan point of theLiver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin,is located on the dorsumof the foot and in the space between the first and secondmetatarsal bones.Clinically,it can be used to treatdiseases of...Taichong(LR 3),the Shu and Yuan point of theLiver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin,is located on the dorsumof the foot and in the space between the first and secondmetatarsal bones.Clinically,it can be used to treatdiseases of various kind with rather good therapeuticresults.A report follows.展开更多
Objective:To compare Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with complete resection of the cyst or incomplete resection with 1-cm remnant proximal cyst wall in treating adult type I choledochal cyst(CC).Methods:The medical re...Objective:To compare Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with complete resection of the cyst or incomplete resection with 1-cm remnant proximal cyst wall in treating adult type I choledochal cyst(CC).Methods:The medical records of 267 adult patients with type I CC from January 1998 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.Among them,171 underwent Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with complete resection(PBD 0-cm group)and 96 underwent Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with 1-cm proximal cyst wall left(PBD 1-cm group).The short-and long-termpost-operative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant difference was observed in operative time or anastomotic diameter between the two groups.The incidence of perioperative complications was significantly higher in the PBD 1-cm group than that in the PBD 0-cm group(28.1%vs 14.0%,p¼0.005),especially post-operative cholangitis(7.3%vs 1.2%,p¼0.021).The incidence of long-term post-operative complications was not significantly different,including anastomotic stricture,reflux cholangitis,intra-hepatic bile duct stones and bile leak(all p>0.05).Post-operative intra-pancreatic biliary malignancy occurred in one patient in the PBD 0-cm group at 25 months and one patient in the PBD 1-cm group at 5 month,respectively.Anatomical site malignancy was observed in one patient in the PBD 1-cm group at 10 months.Conclusion:Ease of performing anastomosis does not justify retaining a segment of choledochal cyst in type I CC due to its higher risk of post-operative complication and malignancy.A complete excision of the CC with anastomosis to the healthy proximal bile duct is necessary in treatment of type I CC.展开更多
文摘This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, i.e. acute pancreatitis and obstructive jandice, can be lethal, and patients with acalculous gallbladder pain often pose diagnostic difficulties and undergo repeated ultrasound scans and oral cholecystograms. Moreover, surgery to remove the gallbladder in these patients, in an attempt to relieve the symptoms, gives variable results. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the physiological and pathological functions of the biliary system, but the mechanism of the pathogenesis of gallstones and pain production still remain poorly understood. It is believed that the mechanical factors play an essential role in the mechanisms of the gallstone formation and biliary diseases. However, despite the extensive literature in clinical studies, only limited work has been carried out to study the biliary system from the mechanical point of view. In this paper, we discuss the state of art knowledge of the fluid dynamics of bile flow in the biliary tract, the solid mechanics of the gallbladder and bile ducts, recent mathematical and numerical modelling of the system, and finally the future challenges in the area.
文摘In order to relieve the abdominal distension and other discomforts due to gastrointestinal dysfunction after abdominal operations, the patients were treated by auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36). 12 (92.4%) of the 13 cases in the treatment group showed recovery of normal peristalsis within 72 hours after operations, while that in 13 cases of the control group was 46.1%, indicating that auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) may promote postoperative recovery of the intestinal function.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China,No.SGHB0000AJJS1400182
文摘AIM To present clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies in elderly patients with biliary diseases. METHODS A total of 289 elderly patients with biliary diseases were enrolled in this study. The clinical data relating to these patients were collected in our hospital from June 2013 to May 2016. Patient age, disease type, coexisting diseases, laboratory examinations, surgical methods, postoperative complications and therapeutic outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The average age of the 289 patients with biliary diseases was 73.9 +/- 8.5 years (range, 60-102 years). One hundred and thirty-one patients (45.3%) had one of 10 different biliary diseases, such as gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, and cholangiocarcinoma. The remaining patients (54.7%) had two types of biliary diseases. One hundred and seventy-nine patients underwent 9 different surgical treatments, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ten postoperative complications occurred with an incidence of 39.3% (68/173), and hypopotassemia showed the highest incidence (33.8%, 23/68). One hundred and sixteen patients underwent non-surgical treatments, including anti-infection, symptomatic and supportive treatments. The cure rate was 97.1% (168/173) in the surgical group and 87.1% (101/116) in the non-surgical group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (chi(2) = 17.227, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Active treatment of coexisting diseases, management of indications and surgical opportunities, appropriate selection of surgical procedures, improvements in perioperative therapy, and timely management of postoperative complications are key factors in enhancing therapeutic efficacy in elderly patients with biliary diseases.
基金Supported by Gastroenterological Association of Thailand(GAT)the Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Medicine,Chulalongkorn Universitythe Department of Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok,Thailand
文摘AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P < 0.0001). Significantly more cholangiocarcinoma patients had diabetes, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis B/C infection than noncholangiocarcinoma participants(diabetes: 11.42% vs 5.28%; cirrhosis: 4.81% vs 0.92%; hepatitis B: 0.74% vs 0.12%; and hepatitis C: 0.50% vs 0.10%, P < 0.0001 for all, respectively). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 81.7%, with a stable trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.
文摘Taichong(LR 3),the Shu and Yuan point of theLiver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin,is located on the dorsumof the foot and in the space between the first and secondmetatarsal bones.Clinically,it can be used to treatdiseases of various kind with rather good therapeuticresults.A report follows.
基金supported by grants from the Science&Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province(No.2014SZ0002–10 and No.2015FZ0076).
文摘Objective:To compare Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with complete resection of the cyst or incomplete resection with 1-cm remnant proximal cyst wall in treating adult type I choledochal cyst(CC).Methods:The medical records of 267 adult patients with type I CC from January 1998 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.Among them,171 underwent Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with complete resection(PBD 0-cm group)and 96 underwent Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy with 1-cm proximal cyst wall left(PBD 1-cm group).The short-and long-termpost-operative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant difference was observed in operative time or anastomotic diameter between the two groups.The incidence of perioperative complications was significantly higher in the PBD 1-cm group than that in the PBD 0-cm group(28.1%vs 14.0%,p¼0.005),especially post-operative cholangitis(7.3%vs 1.2%,p¼0.021).The incidence of long-term post-operative complications was not significantly different,including anastomotic stricture,reflux cholangitis,intra-hepatic bile duct stones and bile leak(all p>0.05).Post-operative intra-pancreatic biliary malignancy occurred in one patient in the PBD 0-cm group at 25 months and one patient in the PBD 1-cm group at 5 month,respectively.Anatomical site malignancy was observed in one patient in the PBD 1-cm group at 10 months.Conclusion:Ease of performing anastomosis does not justify retaining a segment of choledochal cyst in type I CC due to its higher risk of post-operative complication and malignancy.A complete excision of the CC with anastomosis to the healthy proximal bile duct is necessary in treatment of type I CC.
