湿热地区城市街道植物形态特征对交通源PM_(2.5)质量浓度分布特性的影响研究

高密度城市交通流量的大幅增加,使得城市街区颗粒物污染问题日益严峻。街道绿化作为城市景观的重要组成,其植物形态参数特征对街区空气质量产生重要影响。本文以广州市某街区为研究对象,首先利用实测数据验证ENVI-met软件模拟街区尺度PM_(2.5)典型颗粒物分布特性的精度,进而对案例区域街道两侧植物的多种形态参数组合进行建模及数值模拟。ENVI-met软件的验证结果表明该模型对于模拟高密度城市街区交通源PM_(2.5)分布具有一定适用性。多组植物形态模拟结果显示:行道树高度建议在10 m左右,能够有效降低交通源PM_(2.5)质量浓度,结合相关规范,建议树干高度设置为3~5 m,冠幅为5~7 m。

Pond Water Quality and Cyclops Population in Dracunculiasis Endemic Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

This study investigated the association between Cyclops population and physico-chemical properties of pond water in villages selected from Odeda and Obafemi-Owode areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Epidemiological data on guinea worm were collected from Global 2000 South-West Zonal Office. Two villages were selected from each of Odeda and Obafemi-Owode LGAs while one village was sampled from Abeokuta North LGA as control. Physico-chemical analysis and microscopic examination of pond water utilized for domestic purpose in the selected villages were conducted. Mean values of 6.78±0.10, 33.00±0.14℃, 1.09＋0.80 mg/L and 1.30±0.25 mg/L were recorded for pH, temperature, DO and nitrate respectively while control had 7.30±0.14, 36.30±14℃2, 2.72±0.14 mg/L and 5.80±0.57 mg/L. These values with the exception of DO and nitrate were within WHO standard but vary significantly （P〈0.05） between the villages. The results further showed that BOD, COD and acidity were positively correlated with Cyclops population during the rainy and dry seasons while temperature, nitrate, pH, and alkalinity have negative correlation coefficients （r=-0.81, -0.91） with Cyclops population during the two seasons. Regression analysis showed that nitrate, BOD and acidity levels explained 67.7 percent, 50.4 percent and 44.5 percent of Cyclops population in the ponds. Guinea worm eradication in endemic rural areas should incorporate ecological strategy.

Multidimensional health literacy profiles and health-related behaviors in the elderly:A cross-sectional survey

Objectives:To investigate health literacy profiles using a multidimensional tool in the elderly,analyze the factors related to health literacy,and explore the relationships between health literacy and health-related behaviors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey including 440 participants was conducted at a community health center and a village health center in Changsha,Hunan Province,between June 2020 and August 2020.We used the Health Literacy Questionnaire(HLQ)to assess the elderly’s health literacy.Sociodemographic data and health-related behaviors of them were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire.Latent profile analysis,Pearson’s chi-squared and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results:The median age of the 440 respondents was 68 years.The participants had the lowest scores in the“appraisal of health information”subscale(2.22±0.52),followed by“navigating the healthcare system”subscale(2.89±0.81)of HLQ.Based on the analysis of three profiles,respondents who were 60 e74 years(OR=2.06,95%CI:1.23e3.42,P=0.006),living in urban areas(OR=3.28,95%CI:2.17e4.94,P<0.001),with secondary education or above(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.92e4.27,P<0.001),and having health insurance(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.02e3.51,P=0.042)were significantly associated with health literacy.Statistically significant associations were found between health literacy level and health-related behaviors,including medical service-seeking behavior(χ^(2)=25.14,P<0.001),exercising regularly(χ^(2)=34.08,P<0.001),and taking a medical examination in the past 12 months(χ^(2)=24.76,P<0.001).Conclusion:The multidimensional health literacy survey has identified the low health literacy level among the elderly in community settings.It revealed the relationships of sociodemographic character-istics,including age,education level and residence,with health literacy.These findings emphasized the importance of health literacy in promoting health behaviors,guiding a profound understanding of the Chinese elderly’s health needs and health literacy to develop community-based health promotion interventions.

Human Behavior in Downtown Public Spaces during Cooling Periods in Winter Cities

There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urban design that promotes activities in these spaces is required for winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between outdoor environmental conditions and the behaviors of people in outdoor public spaces. This six-month study conducted a field survey in six kinds of public spaces in downtown Sapporo and analyzed the changes of microclimates and sitting behaviors in these spaces. The analysis revealed that sitting behaviors decreased with temperature drops during the cooling period （20 ~C-8 ~C）, that sunlight could suppress the reduction in the number of sitting behaviors, and that wind speed could suppress the reduction in the duration of sitting behaviors.

Structural Synthesis and Workspaces of Serial Robotic Chains with 7 Axes

Redundant serial robot kinematic chains with seven axes are an extension of classical 6-axis ones. The structural synthesis of these structures is useful to provide a working basis, including for the promotion of new structures with 7 axes, besides some already existing and applied structures. This paper summarizes kinematic chain structures using a combinatorial method by listing all possible variants of the structures with 7 axes, obtained by adding a rotational or translational coupling, in a parallel or perpendicular position, against the guiding structure with 6 axes consisting of two distinct modules： positioning module （3 axes） and orientation module （3 axes）. Representation of proper workspaces can help the designer in choosing the structure with maximum functionality for a given application.

An efficient human detection method for multi-pedestrian tracking

Traditional human detection using pre-trained detectors tends to be computationally intensive for time-critical tracking tasks, and the detection rate is prone to be unsatisfying when occlusion, motion blur and body deformation occur frequently. A spatial-confidential proposal filtering method(SCPF) is proposed for efficient and accurate human detection. It consists of two filtering phases: spatial proposal filtering and confidential proposal filtering. A compact spatial proposal is generated in the first phase to minimize the search space to reduce the computation cost. The human detector only estimates the confidence scores of the candidate search regions accepted by the spatial proposal instead of global scanning. At the second phase, each candidate search region is assigned with a supplementary confidence score according to their reliability estimated by the confidential proposal to reduce missing detections. The performance of the SCPF method is verified by extensive tests on several video sequences from available public datasets. Both quantitatively and qualitatively experimental results indicate that the proposed method can highly improve the efficiency and the accuracy of human detection.

Lozang Chojor,A Self-made Man of Wenda Village

The Ridung Township is located in the northern part of Karub District of Chamdo city.Its township government is 34 kilometers from the government of Karub District.It sits at an altitude of 3,295 meters.Among its twelve administrative villages,six are semifarming and semi-pastoral villages,four farming villages,and two pastoral villages.Wenda is one of the farming villages.Lozang Chojor is the vice head of the village committee,and a wellknown self-made man.

Human security and sexuality in the IPPF Africa Region

The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights （SRHR） of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Uganda from November 2008 to April 2009. The present results suggest that the major threat to human security is the competing economic demands that make it difficult for the population to prioritize reproductive health services in their household budgets. This study concludes that there are potential benefits of human security approaches for furthering the goals of SRHR initiatives, in line with the principles and guidelines expressed in the Maputo Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs）. The results of this study suggest that IPPF Africa Region can start to prioritize economic security, community security and health security which have greatest impact on the reproductive health of the sub-Saharan African population. The key lesson learnt is that the effective use of family planning services mitigates the effects of other human insecurities, including economic, food, and health insecurities as its application in the families will reduce family size and demand on available resources.

The Creation of Public Nature in Community Public Space Design

The rational design of urban public space has more and more attention of the community; in the end, people need public spaces of an active exploration and attempt. Through human experience of urban public space, the design of public space in the city questioned the rationality, emphasized the human behavior activities on public space design requirements, and emphasized the place of people, human behavior activities, and the activities of the Trinity design ideas. By comparing the two public spaces Analysis of Chongqing, it further emphasized the left of human activity, human stories and spirit; public space has lost its significance.

Epidemiological characteristics of fatal pedestrian ac- cidents in Fars Province of Iran： a community-based survey

Objective： To determine the epidemio logical characteristics of fatal pedestrian accidents in Fats Province of Iran. Methods： This crosssectional study was conducted in Fats Province of Iran during a 29month period from March 2009 to July 2011. The data were from the Fats Forensic Medi cine Registry, In 4 923 recorded road traffic accident fatalities, 971 deaths were due to pedestrian accidents. The demographic and accidentrelated information were analyzed by SPSS ver sion 11.5. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results： The mean age of decedents was （47.2±26.2） years, ranging from 6 months to 103 years old. Males ac counted for 69.8% of all deaths. Fatal accidents were mostcommon in September; 56.1% of the fatal injuries occurred on intracity roads and 33.1% on extracity roads. Fatal head injuries were present in 60.54% of cases. Evaluation of the injury site and the cause of death found that they were significantly associated with age, interval between injury and death. Besides, the type of roads played an important role in mortality. Conclusion： Although the clinical management of trauma patients has been improved in our country in the recent decade, decreasing the burden of injuries needs co ordination among trauma system organizations.