西夏仁多族述论

仁多族是唃厮啰北境的吐蕃大族,兴起于浩门河流域的仁多泉城,与凉州吐蕃六谷政权,在地缘、族属上存在渊源。夏主谅祚继位后,推行恩信招抚、以蕃制蕃政策,受青唐董毡侵逼的仁多族,转而降夏并任卓啰、右厢都统军,助西夏安辑吐蕃诸部、保障西南边境。谅祚去世后,仁多族手握重兵,牵制梁氏权贵,赞襄乾顺亲政,又多次助夏攻宋,影响夏宋战事的成败。仁多族的衰亡,虽与唃厮啰覆灭、宋朝恩威并施政策有关,但夏主乾顺打击地方豪族、加强中央集权的新国策,是仁多族覆灭的直接原因。仁多族的研究,不仅是解读西夏边防政策和羁縻理念的关键,而且对探讨夏、宋、蕃地缘格局的演变,分析河西走廊东段民族交往、交流和交融关系,具有重要学术价值。

西藏仲巴县仁多地区早三叠世牙形石及冈底斯西部早三叠世古地理格局

随着海相三叠系沉积地层的发现,冈底斯地区三叠纪时期的古地理格局正在经历着从古陆向海洋沉积区的认识上的转变,然而仍然有地质学家认为冈底斯西部南侧存在早三叠世的隆起区,在岩相古地理上表现为隆格尔—工布江达陆相岩浆弧的存在,其主要根据是没有发现三叠系地层。仁多剖面位于该岩浆弧带中部的隆格尔隆起区上,前人认为该区没有下三叠统,然而笔者在以往划分为中二叠统“下拉组”的地层中获得了典型的早三叠世牙形石属Pachycladina的化石,因此确定研究区的下三叠统是存在的,并且在岩性上以白云岩为特征,在区域上可对比到上二叠统至下三叠统的木纠错组的上段。该发现表明仁多地区的下三叠统不缺失,与冈底斯三叠纪在整体上处于海洋沉积区的观点一致,隆格尔隆起并不存在。根据近年来积累的西藏地区下三叠统的地层资料,指出冈底斯西部早三叠世为大面积的白云岩蒸发岩台地相和局部碳酸盐岩台内坳陷相间的古地理格局。

山核桃仁多酚组分分析及抗氧化研究

以山核桃仁多酚为原料,通过酸水解分析仁多酚内可能含有的有机酸成分,结果表明,仁多酚干物质经脱糖苷之后,可以形成自由的酚酸,检测到没食子酸及绿原酸含量分别为18.2mg·g-1及246.7mg/g干物质;同时山核桃仁多酚干物质进行体外抗氧化分析表明,仁多酚具有较高的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基和.OH自由基清除率较高,其抗氧化能力一定范围内与VC及BHA相当。

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Silver-stained Nucleolar Cycle of Physarum polycephalum

The dynamic changes of nucleolar ultrastructure in the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum Schw. were studied by an en bloc silver-staining method. The results showed that the nucleolus was large in size and situated in the center of the nucleus in late G(2)-phase, and the fibrillar centers, dense fibrillar components and granular components could be observed in the nucleolus. During prophase, the nucleolus moved towards the periphery of the nucleus and in late prophase disintegrated near the nuclear envelope. in metaphase, the disintegrated nucleolar components were dispersed in masses and located at the periphery of the chromosomal region of the nucleus. No specifically silver-stained area and argentophilic protein sheath were observed on the chromosomes, but there were some big dispersed silver particles within the chromosomes. During telophase the nucleolar components moved towards the two poles along with the chromosomes and co-existed with the decondensing chromatin in daughter nuclei. The nucleolar components then gradually converged with one another and separated from the chromatin. A big nucleolus was formed in the nucleus about 120 min after the completion of mitosis.

Ultrasonic-associated extraction of water soluble polysaccharides from defatted Korean pine kernel

Experiments of ultrasonic-associated extraction and hot water extraction of water soluble polysaccharides from defatted Korean pine （Pinus koraiensis） were conducted in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The factors affecting extraction yield and content, such as extracting temperature, extracting time, the ratio of water to defatted kernel and concentration of ethanol were analyzed under specific condition. The optimal extracting parameters for ultrasound-associated extraction were determined as the ultrasonic temperature 70℃, the ratio of defatted kernel to water 1：20, the extracting time 40 min, and ethanol concentration 80%. Under such extraction conditions, the yield of water soluble polysaccharide was 3.65% and the average content of polysaccharide was 45.38% in the raw polysaccharides which gained in the experiment. Both extraction yield and content of polysaccharides extracted with ultrasound-associated extraction were higher than that with hot water extraction. The study demonstrates that ultrasound is a reliable and extremely effective tool for the fast extraction of water soluble polysaccharide of Korean pine kernel.

Date palm kernel-based GAC and its dynamic modeling of residual chlorine breakthrough curve in multimedia filter

First, the date palm kernel is used to produce granular activated carbon （GAC） by a physiochemical activation process. The process involves six steps： washing, drying, crushing, sieving, carbonization, and activation. Secondly, the ability of the produced GAC to remove pollutants is examined through batch experiments of residual chlorine adsorption whereas the equilibrium isotherm experimental data are tested for the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms equations. Thirdly, the experimental and theoretical study of dynamic adsorption process and the effect of major operating parameters on dynamic adsorption are investigated. The results show that the Langmuir isotherm gives the best fitting to experimental data, which indicates that the residual chlorine adsorption can be characterized by mono layer adsorption behavior. The produced GAC has a great potential as an adsorbent for residual chlorine in water systems and it can compete favorably with the conventional adsorbents. The Thomas extended model with combined mass transfer resistances is used for verifying the experimental results and the results show that the proposed model coincides well with the experimental data of the dynamic adsorption process.

Ecological effects of Tongren City land transferring

The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the collapse debris, water conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of wildlife. Second, it is crop residue use of land, including： treatment of organic waste, decomposing and eliminating contaminants, regulating microclimate and air purification, maintaining and revitalizing rural communities. Third, the geographical landscape effects of land, such as providing idyllic pastures and other entertainment services. In a conclusion, there is little exploration to the ecological effects of rural land. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental problems related to the land transferring in Tongren City.

西夏通吐蕃河湟间的交通路线及沿路军事堡寨考察

通过深入研究历史文献和宋代摩崖石刻,结合实地考察,认为文献所谓"西蕃、夏贼往来便道"为甘肃永登县水磨沟一线。在这条道路上,北宋以湟州为据点,由南往北先后夺取南宗寨、古骨龙城(震武军)、仁多泉城、石门堡,威胁西夏卓啰和南监军司。北宋湟州(邈川)为今青海民和县史那古城,南宗寨遗址为今永登县连城镇连城古城,古骨龙城(北宋震武军)在水磨沟山峡中、永登县民乐乡卜洞村登登城,仁多泉城在今永登县民乐乡铁峰村羊胸子城,石门堡在今永登县民乐乡三角城村的三角城遗址,统安城为永登县通远乡新站村新站古城。西夏卓啰和南监军司是连接庄浪河谷地和水磨沟的节点,其古城遗址在今甘肃永登县中堡乡罗城滩村。