Objective To explore the pharmacological mechanism of active saponin compounds of Tuchao Baibiandouren(Lablab Semen Album fried with earth,TCBBDR)in treating type 2 diabetes(T2DM)using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and...Objective To explore the pharmacological mechanism of active saponin compounds of Tuchao Baibiandouren(Lablab Semen Album fried with earth,TCBBDR)in treating type 2 diabetes(T2DM)using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology.Methods UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used for a qualitative analysis of saponin compounds in TCBBDR.PharmMapper and CTD were used to screen drug active compounds and disease targets,and an active compound-target network was constructed via Cytoscape 3.8.0.Molecular docking was applied with the drug active compounds and key targets using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2,and a trajectory for the molecular dynamics simulation was completed by GROMACS 2019-3.Results Sixteen saponin compounds were identified from TCBBDR,along with 292 saponin compoud targets and 792 T2DM targets.Through Venn analysis of target saponin constituents and T2DM related targets,a total of 91 intersection targets were screened out in the treatment of T2DM with saponin.The mean values of degree,betweenness centrality and closeness centrality were taken as the thresholds to screen out 22 key genes,among which 4 key proteins namely MAPK1,IGF1 EGFR,PIK3R1 were selected in the top 10 key genes.On this basis,the saponin active constituent-target-signaling pathway network was established.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the related biological modules included activity of steroid hormone receptor,steroid binding,and insulin receptor binding,etc.;the related signaling pathways were EGFR,PI3K-Akt and MAPK,etc.;regulating signaling pathways like MAPK could induce the proliferation,inhibition and apoptosis of pancreaticβcells,increase the quantity of pancreaticβcells,improve the functions of pancreaticβcells and stimulate the insulin secretion.Docking experiment analysis showed that all selected saponin compounds could enter the active sites of targets and form 3–14 hydrogen bonds with residues of the active sites.Moreover,van der Waals forces were present between chemical compounds and active sites.By combining the docking binding energy,we determined that the chemical compounds showed strong binding energy to the targets.Conclusion TCBBDR exerts therapeutic effects on diabetes through multi-compound and multi-target collaboration.Specifically,saponin components mediate pathways including inflammatory reaction and signal transduction to treat T2DM by regulating several key proteins that interact with EGFR and a series of signaling pathways related to disease development.展开更多
The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incom...The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incomplete,manuscript deals with fluvial flood prevention and river control measures,a subject that until then had not cropped up in any Chinese-language work of the Jesuits.In this section,Verbiest not only described the already well-known Aristotelian theory of the origin of rivers,but also introduced to China new scientific propositions,concepts,and numerical examples originating from the seminal Renaissance work Della misura dell’acque correnti(Of the Mensuration of Running Waters;1628)by Benedetto Castelli(1578–1643).In addition,Verbiest presented to his readers some noteworthy examples of pertinent Western achievements such as the pound-lock with miter gate,and he provided them with a simple economic analysis of flood control options.The significance and possible influence of Verbiest’s text on further developments in Chinese approaches to water engineering are discussed,highlighting a hitherto largely disregarded facet of Western science and technology transfer in the field of river hydraulics and flood management.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Pe...OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Persicae) for treating the syndrome of stagnation of blood stasis and others in TCM clinic.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed and probed the ancient and modern literature research about Taoren(Semen Persicae),and summarized the realization of its toxicity and application contraindications in ancient herbals and the research assertion of its processing,drug-nature,pharmacologic actions,adverse reaction,and clinical reasonable application in modern literature.RESULTS:We found that some TCM doctors were worried about the effect of Taoren(Semen Persicae) 's disintegrating blood stasis to impair body's healthy Qi and its toxicity,and were not good at using this herb.And some patients were afraid of its toxic and side-effect not to take it.In the ancient and modern literatures some proper hates of Taoren(Semen Persicae) existed,and the toxicity component was also clear-cut,and the applications of Taoren(Semen Persicae) were in many fields especially the gynecological and traumatological diseases.The key root of toxicity generation and unreasonable application of Taoren(Semen Persicae) lies in taking without syndrome differentiation or using with overdosage.CONCLUSION:Under the precondition of correct processing,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,and taking the dosage stipulated by laws to apply Taoren(Semen Persicae) should be quite safe.The ancient and modern literature records and researches about Taoren(Semen Persicae) provide the determinate reference for understanding Taoren(Semen Persicae)'s efficacy and drug-nature(toxicity) more objectively and also for further correctly clinic recognition and research on Taoren(Semen Persicae).展开更多
The discussion of the conceptual system of the Chinese is, to a large extent, inseparable from Confucian thought, and its analysis should start from Confucius himself. He developed the idea of shiming （时命）, or the...The discussion of the conceptual system of the Chinese is, to a large extent, inseparable from Confucian thought, and its analysis should start from Confucius himself. He developed the idea of shiming （时命）, or the mandate of the times, after the idea of deming （德命）, or the mandate of virtue, encountered repeated setbacks. Shiming challenged the idea that ＂Heaven is aligned with the virtuous,＂ and coping with this challenge required an ultimate worldview of a more original nature. Confucius formed his ultimate world view of ＂benevolence＂ （ren ~） through the interaction between his internal and external psychological framework and his reflections and realizations. Gripped by this idea, he cultivated inward virtue and adhered to the Way while outwardly practicing benevolence, with the goal of becoming ＂a sage within and a king without.＂ The balancing of the interior and the exterior was the key to enjoying a rich and meaningful life.展开更多
基金We thank for the funding support from the Program of Survey of Chinese Medicines of China(No.[2017]66).
文摘Objective To explore the pharmacological mechanism of active saponin compounds of Tuchao Baibiandouren(Lablab Semen Album fried with earth,TCBBDR)in treating type 2 diabetes(T2DM)using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology.Methods UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used for a qualitative analysis of saponin compounds in TCBBDR.PharmMapper and CTD were used to screen drug active compounds and disease targets,and an active compound-target network was constructed via Cytoscape 3.8.0.Molecular docking was applied with the drug active compounds and key targets using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2,and a trajectory for the molecular dynamics simulation was completed by GROMACS 2019-3.Results Sixteen saponin compounds were identified from TCBBDR,along with 292 saponin compoud targets and 792 T2DM targets.Through Venn analysis of target saponin constituents and T2DM related targets,a total of 91 intersection targets were screened out in the treatment of T2DM with saponin.The mean values of degree,betweenness centrality and closeness centrality were taken as the thresholds to screen out 22 key genes,among which 4 key proteins namely MAPK1,IGF1 EGFR,PIK3R1 were selected in the top 10 key genes.On this basis,the saponin active constituent-target-signaling pathway network was established.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the related biological modules included activity of steroid hormone receptor,steroid binding,and insulin receptor binding,etc.;the related signaling pathways were EGFR,PI3K-Akt and MAPK,etc.;regulating signaling pathways like MAPK could induce the proliferation,inhibition and apoptosis of pancreaticβcells,increase the quantity of pancreaticβcells,improve the functions of pancreaticβcells and stimulate the insulin secretion.Docking experiment analysis showed that all selected saponin compounds could enter the active sites of targets and form 3–14 hydrogen bonds with residues of the active sites.Moreover,van der Waals forces were present between chemical compounds and active sites.By combining the docking binding energy,we determined that the chemical compounds showed strong binding energy to the targets.Conclusion TCBBDR exerts therapeutic effects on diabetes through multi-compound and multi-target collaboration.Specifically,saponin components mediate pathways including inflammatory reaction and signal transduction to treat T2DM by regulating several key proteins that interact with EGFR and a series of signaling pathways related to disease development.
基金funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG)for the years 2018 to 2022
文摘The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incomplete,manuscript deals with fluvial flood prevention and river control measures,a subject that until then had not cropped up in any Chinese-language work of the Jesuits.In this section,Verbiest not only described the already well-known Aristotelian theory of the origin of rivers,but also introduced to China new scientific propositions,concepts,and numerical examples originating from the seminal Renaissance work Della misura dell’acque correnti(Of the Mensuration of Running Waters;1628)by Benedetto Castelli(1578–1643).In addition,Verbiest presented to his readers some noteworthy examples of pertinent Western achievements such as the pound-lock with miter gate,and he provided them with a simple economic analysis of flood control options.The significance and possible influence of Verbiest’s text on further developments in Chinese approaches to water engineering are discussed,highlighting a hitherto largely disregarded facet of Western science and technology transfer in the field of river hydraulics and flood management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81202659)Scientific Research Start Foundation for New Teacher of Xiamen University (ZK1014)Building Project of English Curriculum-Chinese Materia Medica of Xiamen University (X13200)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Persicae) for treating the syndrome of stagnation of blood stasis and others in TCM clinic.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed and probed the ancient and modern literature research about Taoren(Semen Persicae),and summarized the realization of its toxicity and application contraindications in ancient herbals and the research assertion of its processing,drug-nature,pharmacologic actions,adverse reaction,and clinical reasonable application in modern literature.RESULTS:We found that some TCM doctors were worried about the effect of Taoren(Semen Persicae) 's disintegrating blood stasis to impair body's healthy Qi and its toxicity,and were not good at using this herb.And some patients were afraid of its toxic and side-effect not to take it.In the ancient and modern literatures some proper hates of Taoren(Semen Persicae) existed,and the toxicity component was also clear-cut,and the applications of Taoren(Semen Persicae) were in many fields especially the gynecological and traumatological diseases.The key root of toxicity generation and unreasonable application of Taoren(Semen Persicae) lies in taking without syndrome differentiation or using with overdosage.CONCLUSION:Under the precondition of correct processing,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,and taking the dosage stipulated by laws to apply Taoren(Semen Persicae) should be quite safe.The ancient and modern literature records and researches about Taoren(Semen Persicae) provide the determinate reference for understanding Taoren(Semen Persicae)'s efficacy and drug-nature(toxicity) more objectively and also for further correctly clinic recognition and research on Taoren(Semen Persicae).
文摘The discussion of the conceptual system of the Chinese is, to a large extent, inseparable from Confucian thought, and its analysis should start from Confucius himself. He developed the idea of shiming （时命）, or the mandate of the times, after the idea of deming （德命）, or the mandate of virtue, encountered repeated setbacks. Shiming challenged the idea that ＂Heaven is aligned with the virtuous,＂ and coping with this challenge required an ultimate worldview of a more original nature. Confucius formed his ultimate world view of ＂benevolence＂ （ren ~） through the interaction between his internal and external psychological framework and his reflections and realizations. Gripped by this idea, he cultivated inward virtue and adhered to the Way while outwardly practicing benevolence, with the goal of becoming ＂a sage within and a king without.＂ The balancing of the interior and the exterior was the key to enjoying a rich and meaningful life.
