In this work, we discussed the stochastic thermodynamics of mesoscopic electron transfer reactions between ions and electrodes. With a relationship between the reaction rate con- stant and the electrode potential, we ...In this work, we discussed the stochastic thermodynamics of mesoscopic electron transfer reactions between ions and electrodes. With a relationship between the reaction rate con- stant and the electrode potential, we find that the heat dissipation βq equals to the dynamic irreversibility of the reaction system minus an internal entropy change term. The total en- tropy change Ast is defined as the summation of the system entropy change As and the heat dissipation/βq such that △st=△s＋βq. Even though the heat dissipation depends linearly on the electrode potential, the total entropy change is found to satisfy the fluctuation theo- rem 〈e-△st 〉=1, and hence a second law-like inequality reads （△st）≥0. Our study provides a practical methodology for the stochastic thermodynamics of electrochemical reactions, which may find applications in biochemical and electrochemical reaction systems.展开更多
We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal...We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal approximation, we first convert the chemical master equation into the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and then find the dominant pathways between two steady states in the phase space by calculating zero-energy trajectories. We find that entropy productions are related to the actions of the forward and backward dominant pathways. At the coexistence point where the stabilities of the two steady states are equiv alent, both the system entropy change and the medium entropy change are zero; whereas at non-coexistence point both of them are nonzero.展开更多
The microstructure, dielectric properties and chemical state of Ti element on BaTi_4O_9 (f)/(0.64 BaTi_4O_9-0.36BaPr_2Ti_4O_(12)) composites sample surface were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission e...The microstructure, dielectric properties and chemical state of Ti element on BaTi_4O_9 (f)/(0.64 BaTi_4O_9-0.36BaPr_2Ti_4O_(12)) composites sample surface were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), LCR meter method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the system is composed of BaTi_4O_9 and BaPr_2Ti_4O_(12) two phases. Pr ions are distributed in the BaWi_4O_9 grains and the segregation of Pr ions was observed on the grain boundaries of BaTi_4O_9/BaTi_4O_9. The content of Ti^(3+) and Ti^(2+) decrease in the BPT system composites due to the addition of BaTi_4O_9 fibers, which improved the dielectric properties of the system. BPT10 sample with 10% BaTi_4O_9 fibers, has the best dielectric properties in the system, its ε_r = 64, tan δ= 1×10^(-4)(at 1 MHz) , and it may be a potential candidate for microwave dielectric ceramics.展开更多
Using an equation of motion technique, we investigate the spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads and a mesoseopie ring by the Anderson Hamiltonian. We analyze the transmission pr...Using an equation of motion technique, we investigate the spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads and a mesoseopie ring by the Anderson Hamiltonian. We analyze the transmission probability of this system in both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases, and our results reveal that the transport properties show some noticeable characteristics depending upon the spin-polarized strength p, the magnetic flux Ф and the number of lattice sites NR in the mesoseopic ring. These effects might have some potential applications in spintronics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21403041 and No.21503048)the Startup Packages from Guizhou Education University
文摘In this work, we discussed the stochastic thermodynamics of mesoscopic electron transfer reactions between ions and electrodes. With a relationship between the reaction rate con- stant and the electrode potential, we find that the heat dissipation βq equals to the dynamic irreversibility of the reaction system minus an internal entropy change term. The total en- tropy change Ast is defined as the summation of the system entropy change As and the heat dissipation/βq such that △st=△s＋βq. Even though the heat dissipation depends linearly on the electrode potential, the total entropy change is found to satisfy the fluctuation theo- rem 〈e-△st 〉=1, and hence a second law-like inequality reads （△st）≥0. Our study provides a practical methodology for the stochastic thermodynamics of electrochemical reactions, which may find applications in biochemical and electrochemical reaction systems.
文摘We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal approximation, we first convert the chemical master equation into the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and then find the dominant pathways between two steady states in the phase space by calculating zero-energy trajectories. We find that entropy productions are related to the actions of the forward and backward dominant pathways. At the coexistence point where the stabilities of the two steady states are equiv alent, both the system entropy change and the medium entropy change are zero; whereas at non-coexistence point both of them are nonzero.
文摘The microstructure, dielectric properties and chemical state of Ti element on BaTi_4O_9 (f)/(0.64 BaTi_4O_9-0.36BaPr_2Ti_4O_(12)) composites sample surface were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), LCR meter method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the system is composed of BaTi_4O_9 and BaPr_2Ti_4O_(12) two phases. Pr ions are distributed in the BaWi_4O_9 grains and the segregation of Pr ions was observed on the grain boundaries of BaTi_4O_9/BaTi_4O_9. The content of Ti^(3+) and Ti^(2+) decrease in the BPT system composites due to the addition of BaTi_4O_9 fibers, which improved the dielectric properties of the system. BPT10 sample with 10% BaTi_4O_9 fibers, has the best dielectric properties in the system, its ε_r = 64, tan δ= 1×10^(-4)(at 1 MHz) , and it may be a potential candidate for microwave dielectric ceramics.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Funds of Education Department of Sichuan Province under Grant No. 2006A069the Major Basic Research Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No. 2006J13-155
文摘Using an equation of motion technique, we investigate the spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads and a mesoseopie ring by the Anderson Hamiltonian. We analyze the transmission probability of this system in both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases, and our results reveal that the transport properties show some noticeable characteristics depending upon the spin-polarized strength p, the magnetic flux Ф and the number of lattice sites NR in the mesoseopic ring. These effects might have some potential applications in spintronics.
