Guava leaf tea has been used as a folk medicine for treating hyperglycemic conditions in Asia and Africa. The hypoglycemic efficacy of guava leaf has been documented by many scientists in these regions, but the hypogl...Guava leaf tea has been used as a folk medicine for treating hyperglycemic conditions in Asia and Africa. The hypoglycemic efficacy of guava leaf has been documented by many scientists in these regions, but the hypoglycemic mechanism is poorly understood. Guava leaves were extracted with methanol and the crude extract was partitioned against hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol in sequence. The leftover in water is defined as the aqueous partition. A second smaller batch was extracted with hot water directly. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on healthy mice instead of diabetic mice that lack endogenous insulin. Glucose uptake was examined with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oxidative effect on PTP1B （protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b） was carried out with real-time PTP1B enzymatic assay. The aqueous partition of guava leaf extract possesses a potent inhibitory effect on PTP1B enzymatic activity and this PTP1B inhibition is through a slow oxidative but reversible inactivation on the enzyme. The reversible inactivation would suggest guava leaf extract may augment PTP1B inhibition alongside the endogenous H2O2 which itself is induced by insulin. In addition, our study confirmed the hypoglycemic efficacy being associated with guava leaf and found the most effective molecules reside in the aqueous partition which is also less cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells when compared to other less polar partitions. The guava leaf extract can modulate insulin activity through a redox regulation on PP1B enzymatic activity. It is speculated that a compound similar to gallocatechin in the aqueous partition can reduce an oxygen molecule to hydrogen peroxide which in turn oxidizes the catalytic residue Cys in PTP1B. Therefore, the guava leaf tea can serve as a functional hypoglycemic drink that is suitable for either healthy or diabetic subjects.展开更多
Objective : To study the antitoxic role of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in transgenic Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Methods :With the technology of trans-gene from PC 12 to CHO, MTT reduction assay wa...Objective : To study the antitoxic role of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in transgenic Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Methods :With the technology of trans-gene from PC 12 to CHO, MTT reduction assay was used to detect MPP+ toxic effect on wild type CHO (wtCHO) and transgenic CHO. Meanwhile, the role of reserpine was also observed in MPP+ toxic effects. Results :The sensitivity of transgenic CHO to MPP+ was much less than that of wtCHO with 0. 5 mmol/L MPP+. Transgenic CHO had the same sensitivity as wtCHO if rotenone was given. WtCHO, by given reserpine alone, didn't change its sensitivity to MPP+. Conclusions :VMAT2 has protective effect on transgenic CHO by transporting MPP+ to vesicles.展开更多
文摘Guava leaf tea has been used as a folk medicine for treating hyperglycemic conditions in Asia and Africa. The hypoglycemic efficacy of guava leaf has been documented by many scientists in these regions, but the hypoglycemic mechanism is poorly understood. Guava leaves were extracted with methanol and the crude extract was partitioned against hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol in sequence. The leftover in water is defined as the aqueous partition. A second smaller batch was extracted with hot water directly. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on healthy mice instead of diabetic mice that lack endogenous insulin. Glucose uptake was examined with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oxidative effect on PTP1B （protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b） was carried out with real-time PTP1B enzymatic assay. The aqueous partition of guava leaf extract possesses a potent inhibitory effect on PTP1B enzymatic activity and this PTP1B inhibition is through a slow oxidative but reversible inactivation on the enzyme. The reversible inactivation would suggest guava leaf extract may augment PTP1B inhibition alongside the endogenous H2O2 which itself is induced by insulin. In addition, our study confirmed the hypoglycemic efficacy being associated with guava leaf and found the most effective molecules reside in the aqueous partition which is also less cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells when compared to other less polar partitions. The guava leaf extract can modulate insulin activity through a redox regulation on PP1B enzymatic activity. It is speculated that a compound similar to gallocatechin in the aqueous partition can reduce an oxygen molecule to hydrogen peroxide which in turn oxidizes the catalytic residue Cys in PTP1B. Therefore, the guava leaf tea can serve as a functional hypoglycemic drink that is suitable for either healthy or diabetic subjects.
基金Supported by grant from Innovation Foundation of Nanjing Medical University(MC9901)
文摘Objective : To study the antitoxic role of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in transgenic Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Methods :With the technology of trans-gene from PC 12 to CHO, MTT reduction assay was used to detect MPP+ toxic effect on wild type CHO (wtCHO) and transgenic CHO. Meanwhile, the role of reserpine was also observed in MPP+ toxic effects. Results :The sensitivity of transgenic CHO to MPP+ was much less than that of wtCHO with 0. 5 mmol/L MPP+. Transgenic CHO had the same sensitivity as wtCHO if rotenone was given. WtCHO, by given reserpine alone, didn't change its sensitivity to MPP+. Conclusions :VMAT2 has protective effect on transgenic CHO by transporting MPP+ to vesicles.
