片烟四段式气调绿色醇化技术体系的构建

【背景和目的】烟叶醇化是改善烟叶品质、提升烟叶使用价值的重要环节。自然醇化是目前应用最为广泛的仓储醇化方式,但该方式仍存在片烟到达质量高点后质量下降较快、易发生霉变虫害、使用化学农药熏蒸等问题。【方法】以福建、云南、阿根廷等国内外主产烟区片烟作为试验材料,研究气调杀虫防霉、气调醇化、气调保质技术的最优氧气浓度,比较分析了不同醇化条件下片烟的感官质量、外观质量及pH值等品质因素。【结果】(1)气调杀虫防霉过程,将氧气浓度设置为2%以下,密封封存90天,可以有效抑制不同虫态的烟草甲及霉变的发生。(2)气调醇化过程,7%~9%氧气浓度气调醇化120天以上,可明显提升片烟感官质量,延缓片烟颜色过度转深。(3)气调保质过程,将氧气浓度调至2%以下并保持到片烟开垛,可有效保持片烟品质。(4)四段式气调醇化法较大程度延长了片烟质量周期,其适宜使用期比自然醇化至少延长15个月,延缓了片烟pH值的下降速率。(5)四段式气调醇化过程垛内相对湿度保持相对平稳,垛内氧气浓度可人工调节,垛内二氧化碳在无人工干预情况下持续升高。【结论】本研究建立的四段式气调醇化技术体系,既不使用剧毒化学农药熏蒸杀虫,又提高了片烟醇化质量,延长了片烟的适宜使用期和最佳使用期,并明确了不同产区片烟的科学使用策略,为片烟贮存提供了新的思路。

“一种新型组合式物理杀虫灯”对复烤成品仓库库外储烟害虫的防治效果研究

在贵州烟叶复烤有限责任公司贵阳复烤厂2个单元成品仓库外使用新型物理烟草害虫杀虫灯进行了为期1年的设备运行检查分析和杀虫应用试验。在杀虫应用试验中,所设计的6个检测点主要烟草害虫数量显著下降,防虫效果明显,通过检测分析对仓储烟叶的品质没有影响;通过长达一年的运行检查和分析,该设备故障率为0。设备对运行环境的适应性强,具有一定的自运行保护机制,安全、稳定、有效。

Pest Management of Storage Pests Using Extracts of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus against Sitophilus zeama＇（s, Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica

The use of botanical pesticides in pest management during storage against insects is often encouraged because synthetic insecticides produce multiple side-effects on human health and environment. Insecticidal activity of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of bark ofAfrostyrax lepidophyllus was tested on Sitophilus zeama~：~, Tribolium castaneum and Rhy-opertha dominica. The mortality rate was measured variable. The results of analysis showed that the mortality rate has a very highly significant variation following extracts, doses, insects and time considered （P 〈 0.001）. Extracts with ethyl acetate and hexane of A. lepidophyllus are effective against S. zeamais at the highest doses （1 g/10 mL and 0.5 g/10 mL of solvent）. These effective extracts werc characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Molecules such as thiocyanic acid, ethyl ester： dimetbylditbiophosphinic acid and other were characterizated. These results may consolidate traditional use ofA. lepidophylh^s in pest management.