仔猪肠源枯草芽孢杆菌体外耐受性研究

研究了分离的仔猪肠源枯草芽孢杆菌体外耐受性。以枯草芽孢杆菌的存活率为考察指标,通过耐酸性、耐胆盐、耐高温试验来研究菌株的体外培养特性。结果:耐酸性试验中枯草芽孢杆菌在p H为2.0的培养基中培养3 h的存活率仍能达到64.7%;耐胆盐试验中其在0.1%和0.3%胆盐培养基中培养8 h存活率均在60%以上;耐高温试验中,70℃、90℃和100℃对其处理20 min存活率分别为70.4%、29.3%和0.2%。结果表明:仔猪肠源枯草芽孢杆菌对酸及胆盐有较强耐受性,对高温有一定耐受性,试验为进一步研制仔猪肠源枯草芽孢杆菌制剂研究提供参考。

维生素C对β-伴大豆球蛋白诱导的仔猪肠上皮细胞炎性损伤的保护作用

为分析不同浓度维生素C(vitamin C,V_(C))对β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)诱导的仔猪肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)炎性损伤的保护作用,取对数生长期的IPEC-J2用于试验,随机分为对照组、7S模型组(5 mg·mL^(-1)7S)和V_(C)(25、50、100、200、400、600、800、1000μmol·L^(-1))保护组。细胞培养24 h后采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中LDH、ALP、DAO、IFABP1含量和IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10的分泌水平,用qRT-PCR法检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-10 mRNA相对表达量。结果显示:7S可显著(P<0.01)降低IPEC-J2活力、破坏细胞膜完整性,上调细胞促炎性因子和下调抗炎因子的产生;与7S模型组相比,同时添加7S和V_(C)的试验组细胞活力增加,细胞上清液中LDH、ALP、DAO、IFABP1含量显著(P<0.01)降低,促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α分泌水平降低,抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的分泌水平升高。因此,不同浓度V_(C)均可保护由7S诱导引起的仔猪肠上皮细胞损伤,100μmol·L^(-1) V_(C)的修复和保护作用最佳。

大豆异黄酮对体外氧化应激仔猪肠上皮细胞的影响及机制研究

本试验旨在揭示大豆异黄酮对氧化应激条件下仔猪肠上皮细胞抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。试验在FeSO_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)建立仔猪肠上皮细胞氧化应激模型的基础上,分别加入不同浓度的大豆异黄酮处理48 h后,测定细胞内抗氧化酶活性、免疫细胞因子分泌以及相关信号通路。试验同时设正常对照组和氧化对照组。结果表明:与氧化对照组相比,添加10~40μmol/L大豆异黄酮后显著提高了细胞增殖率(P<0.05),显著降低了细胞凋亡率(P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,氧化处理显著提高了细胞内白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05),显著降低了细胞内白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量(P <0.05);10~80μmol/L大豆异黄酮组细胞内TNF-α含量显著低于氧化对照组(P<0.05);此外,氧化处理提高了细胞内核因子-κB(NF-κB)含量和Jun N-末端蛋白激酶(JNK)活性。添加20μmol/L大豆异黄酮对细胞内诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、NF-κB蛋白的表达均有抑制作用。综上所述,添加大豆异黄酮可提高体外氧化应激仔猪肠上皮细胞的抗氧化能力,并通过调控NF-κB和JNK信号通路抑制氧化应激诱导的细胞炎症反应。

仔猪梭菌性肠炎的防治

本文综述了仔猪梭菌性肠炎的临床症状、防治方法,以引导养殖人员不断学习和探索,具体研究疾病的起源,找到科学有效的防治方法,积极改善养殖业的良性发展,努力提高养殖业的收入。

饲料中添加微生态制剂能够影响仔猪的免疫力吗?

研究表明,饲料中添加微生态制剂能够使仔猪肠道内有益微生物数量增加并直接抑制病原菌的数量。

防治仔猪水肿病“四步曲”

仔猪水肿病又称仔猪肠毒血症,是由溶血性大肠杆菌引起猪的一种急性致死性疾病,直接发生于断奶仔猪。

硫酸小檗碱对猪轮状病毒感染的IPEC-J2中TGF-β_1、EGFR、EGF、IGF_1 mRNA表达的影响

利用猪轮状病毒(PoRV)感染仔猪肠黏膜上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)建立损伤模型,研究硫酸小檗碱(BS)对PoRV感染的IPEC-J2中TGF-β_1、EGFR、EGF、IGF_1基因mRNA表达的影响。通过构建目的基因和内参基因的重组质粒,绘制荧光标准曲线,采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定BS对PoRV感染的IPEC-J2中TGF-β_1、EGFR、EGF、IGF_1mRNA表达的影响。结果显示:PoRV能够显著引起IPEC-J2变性和坏死脱落,用BS药物组的IPEC-J2则生长基本良好;同时计算试验组相对于对照组各因子mRNA表达的差异倍数,显示BS有促进病毒损伤IPEC-J2中TGF-β_1和EGFR mRNA表达,抑制EGF和IGF_1mRNA表达的作用。可见在肠黏膜细胞损伤修复过程中,BS能够显著促进TGF-β_1和EGFR基因表达,但是抑制EGF和IGF_1基因表达,表明BS对各细胞因子在修复过程中发挥的作用和时间存在明显差异。BS可能通过调节损伤的肠黏膜上皮细胞修复因子的基因表达,进而调控肠上皮细胞的增殖、转化,对受损肠黏膜起到保护和修复作用。

Histological Effects of Guchangcuzhang Powder on Intestine and Spleen in Experimental Piglets with Spleen Weakness

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the histological effects of Guchangcuzhang powder on intestine and spleen in experiment piglets with spleen weakness.[Method] The 12 piglets with diarrhea were divided into two groups,namely the Guchangcuzhang powder group and the control group,six in each.On two and eight days after the drug discontinuance respectively,three piglets were selected from each of the group and killed by bloodletting from the jugular vein.Afterwards,paraffin sections of intestine and spleen were made and stained by HE staining solution,followed by observation of the histological changes.[Result] The structures of intestine and spleen in piglets drenched with Guchangcuzhang powder restored or approachedto normal.[Conlusion] Guchangcuzhang powder has the function of healing piglet diarrhea.

Histological Effects of Guchangcuzhang Powder on Parenchymatous Organs in Experimental Piglets with Spleen Weakness

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the histological effects of Guchangcuzhang powder on the parenchymatous organs in experiment piglets with spleen weakness. [Method] For the 12 healthy piglets, 0.5 ml of reserpine was injected at their jugular muscle once every day for 10 days. Afterwards, the 12 piglets with diarrhea were divided into two groups, namely the Guchangcuzhang powder group and the control group, six in each. In the former group, 6 g of Guchangcuzhang powder was brewed with 20 ml of boiling water and then the piglets were drenched with the medication solution for 7 d once every day; in the latter group, each piglet was drenched with 20 ml of normal saline once every day for 7 d. On two and eight days after the drug discontinuance respectively, three piglets were selected from each of the group and killed by bloodletting from the jugular vein. Afterwards, paraffin sections of heart, liver, lungs and kidney was made and then stained respectively, followed by observation of the histological changes.[Result] The histological structure of each parenchymatous organ in piglets drenched with Guchangcuzhang powder restored or approached to normal. [Conlusion]Guchangcuzhang powder has a good therapeutic against diarrhea in piglets.

Piglet Diarrhea and Technology Transfers to Prevent E. coli Infection at Small-Holder Pig Farms in Binh Dinh, Vietnam

The study aims at finding alternative interventions for the prevention ofE. coli infection in piglets so as to boost farmers＇ benefits and improve environment in the area. Data were collected from one experimental group consisting of 210 small pig holder farms and one control group of 70 farms. All of 280 litters and sows were analyzed and the techniques of early vaccination at 60-80 d of pregnant （time 1） were applied and repeated after 10 d with E. coli vaccine to produce antibodies through milk. The percentage of piglets with diarrhea caused by E. coli significantly decreased from 75.7% to 18.9%. Injection of E. coli vaccine for the pregnant sows created antibodies for young piglets through colostrums. The treatment of E. coli cost 45,420 Vietnam Dong （VND） per litter in the experimental group and that was 156,000 VND/litter in the control group. Use of betel-bokashi （bio-product as plant antibiotics and Lactobacillus） to treat piglet diarrhea was proved safe and effective. Litter size and average weight at birth and weaning were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. The average weaned weight of piglets and sows were 11.2 kg and 118.6 kg in the experimental group, compared to 9.4 kg and 89.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Piglets in the experimental group had good health, no diarrhea and a shorter weaning time （2 d） and mating interval 2.22 days earlier than those in the control group. The average profit of 210 households was significantly higher in the experiment group： feed-cost was much lower than that in the control group. Small-holder farms implementing the experiments of applying the techniques received more financial profit, which was 1,502,000 VND per year per sow, while those who did not apply the techniques gained only 223,000 VND per year per sow.

Effects of fish meal and sodium butyrate on growth performance, gut development and glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion in weanling piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fish meal and sodium butyrate on growth performance, gut development and GLP-2 secretion in weanling piglets. A 2×2 factorial design was used with two fish meal levels （0, 5%）, and two sodium butyrate levels （0, 0.3%）. There were 4 dietary treatments： control diet （CD）; control diet supplemented with fish meal （CF）, control diet supplemented with sodium butyrate （CB）, control diet supplemented with fish meal and sodium butyrate （FB）. A total of 44 28-days-old Large White×Landrace weanling piglets were randomly allotted into 4 treatment averagely. The experiment period was 14 days. The results showed that sodium butyrate＇s addition increased average diary gain （ADG）, average diary feed intake （ADFI） and gain to feed intake ratio （G：F） of weanling piglets （all P〈0,05）, improved gut morphology （mucosa thickness, ratio of villous height to crypt depth） and sucrase activity, and fish meal＇s addition increased maltase activity （all P〈0.05）. Either sodium butyrate or fish meal addition decreased cecum colibacillus quantity, sodium butyrate increaded ratio of cecum lactobacilli to colibacillus （P〈0.05）. Consequently, diarrhea was reduced in diet supplemented with fish meal （P=-0.08） and diet supplemented with sodium butyrate （P=0.15） through 14 days of experiment, significant reduction of diarrhea rate was observed in diet supplemented with fish meal through the first 7 days （P〈0.05）. In addition, sodium butyrate and fish meal addition in diets tended to increase plasma GLP-2 concentration, however, GLP-2 concentration on the 4th day was consistently decreased in diet supplemented with fish meal relative to that on day 0 （P=0.08）. Overall, it could be concluded that both sodium butyrate and fish meal addition improve intestinal development and sodium butyrate addition significantly increase growth performance. The gut trophic response to sodium butyrate or may be in agreement with development. peptide GLP-2 increases in fish meal addition in diet and the alteration of intestinal

仔猪传染性肠胃炎的诊治

笔者主要结合1起实际病例,分析了仔猪传染性肠胃炎的临床诊断和防治,希望通过本次研究对进一步提高该种疾病的防控效果有一定帮助。

Effects of yeast products on the intestinal morphology, barrier function, cytokine expression, and antioxidant system of weaned piglets

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of yeast culture, cell wall hydrolysates, and yeast extracts（collectively ＂yeast products,＂ YP） on the performance, intestinal physiology, and health of weaned piglets. A total of 90 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by body weight, sex, and litter and randomly assigned to one of three treatments for a 14-d feeding experiment, including（1） a basal diet（control）,（2） 1.2 g/kg of YP, and（3） 20 mg/kg of colistin sulfate（CSE）. No statistically significant differences were observed in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or gain-to-feed ratio among CSE, YP, and control piglets. Increased prevalence of diarrhea was observed among piglets fed the YP diet, whereas diarrhea was less prevalent among those fed CSE. Duodenal and jejunal villus height and duodenal crypt depth were greater in the control group than they were in the YP or CSE groups. Intraepithelial lymphocytes（IEL） in the duodenal and jejunal villi were enhanced by YP, whereas IEL in the ileal villi were reduced in weaned piglets fed YP. Secretion of jejunal and ileal interleukin-10（IL-10） was higher and intestinal and serum antioxidant indexes were affected by YP and CSE. In YP- and CSE-supplemented animals, serum D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase（DAO） activity were both increased, and intestinal mR NA expressions of occludin and ZO-1 were reduced as compared to the control animals. In conclusion, YP supplementation in the diets of weaned piglets appears to increase the incidence of diarrhea and has adverse effects on intestinal morphology and barrier function.

Influence of low protein diets on gene expression of digestive enzymes and hormone secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of young weaned piglets

To investigate dietary protein level effects on digestive mechanisms, weaned piglets were fed for 45 d with diets containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein （CP） supplemented to meet requirements for essential amino acids. This article describes the influence of dietary protein on gastrointestinal hormones and expression of an array of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Results indicated that there were no significant differ- ences in expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, except for maltase in the duodenum. In the je- junum, amylase expression in pigs fed 20% CP was much higher than that in pigs fed other diets （P〈0.05） and maltase expression in those fed 17% CP was higher than that in other treatments （P〈0.05）. Although there were no remarkable differences in expression of aminopeptidase in the small intestine or carboxypeptidase in the pancreas （P〉0.05）, there was a trend towards higher expression of various proteases in pigs fed 17% CP. The duodenal expression of en- teropeptidase in diets with 14% and 17% CP was significantly higher than that with 20% CP （P〈0.05）, but treatment differences did not existed in jejunum （P〉0.05）. The expression of GPR93 as a nutrient-responsive G protein-coupled receptor in 14% and 17% CP diets was significantly higher than that in 20% CP diet in the small intestine （P〈0.05）. The expressions of genes for pancreatic enzymes, lipase and elastase, were significantly higher in pigs fed diets with low CP, while similar trends occurred for carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin and amylase. Conversely, the gastric expres- sions of pepsinogen A and progastricsin were lower with the 17% CP diet. Differences between treatments were found in the gastric antral contents of cholecystokinin and somatostatin： both increased in pigs fed 17% CP, accompanied by decreased content of motilin, which was also seen in plasma concentrations. These patterns were not reflected in duodenal contents. In general, 17% dietary CP was beneficial to the digestion of nutrient substance in the gastroin- testinal tract.

Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to newborn piglets augments gut barrier function in pre-weaning piglets

To understand the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(ATCC 53103)on intestinal barrier function in pre-weaning piglets under normal conditions,twenty-four newborn littermate piglets were randomly divided into two groups.Piglets in the control group were orally administered with 2 mL 0.1 g/mL sterilized skim milk while the treatment group was administered the same volume of sterilized skim milk with the addition of viable L.rhamnosus at the 1st,3rd,and 5th days after birth.The feeding trial was conducted for 25 d.Results showed that piglets in the L.rhamnosus group exhibited increased weaning weight and average daily weight gain,whereas diarrhea incidence was decreased.The bacterial abundance and composition of cecal contents,especially Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Fusobacteria,were altered by probiotic treatment.In addition,L.rhamnosus increased the jejunal permeability and promoted the immunologic barrier through regulating antimicrobial peptides,cytokines,and chemokines via Toll-like receptors.Our findings indicate that oral administration of L.rhamnosus GG to newborn piglets is beneficial for intestinal health of pre-weaning piglets by improving the biological,physical,and immunologic barriers of intestinal mucosa.