Establishing Efficient C2C E-alliance Based on Mobile Agent

In order to alleviate difficulties of conducting consumer-to-consumer(C2C)e-commerce transaction,establishing efficient e-alliance was proposed.E-alliance is the union of e-commerce sites.It is constructed by mobile agents.The mobile agent architecture was discussed.The process of selecting suitable e-commerce site to e-alliance was presented based on support vector machine(SVM)and fuzzy method.A prototype of the proposed system is implemented on a web platform.To enable data exchange between e-alliance and e-commerce,the system employs XML as data format.The prototype has demonstrated that the efficient C2C e-alliance is reasonable.

企业股权代持财税处理实务探讨

作为一种常见的股权投资方式,股权代持广泛存在我国资本市场,包括两个合同、三方主体,涉及法律关系复杂。对于股权代持业务,由于目前缺乏明确的财税处理规范,导致实务中该类业务的财税处理标准不统一,提供的财务信息不全面、不准确,时常引发争议。鉴于此,本文通过对股权代持业务法律关系、经济实质等剖析,主张按照实质重于形式原则,对该类业务进行财务处理,根据实质课税、量能负税等原则,对股权代持委托人进行税务处理,并通过具体案例进行解析,为该类业务财税处理实务工作提供参考。

Effect of Substituting Plantation Species for Native Shrubs on the Water-holding Characteristics of the Forest Floor on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Although the forest floor plays important roles in water-holding and nutrient cycling, there is not enough knowledge of the functional changes of the forest floor resulting from changes in vegetation. To evaluate the effect on the hydrological properties of forest floor by the substitution of plantation species for native coppice, we selected four species substituting plantations and one native coppice （secondary native broad-leaved forest, dominated by Quercus liaotungensis and Corylus heterophylla var. sutchuenensis） （QC） as a comparison forest. The substituting plantations were Cercidiphyllum japonicum （Cj）, Pinus tabulaeformis （Pt）, Pinus armandi （Pa）, Larix kaempferi （Lk）. These were established in 1987 with a stocking density of approximately 2500 stem ha -1 . Thickness and the amount of floor in coniferous plantations were significantly higher compared to secondary native broad-leaved forest and pure broad- leaved plantation. The maximal water-holding capacity of the floor showed the same trend as thickness and amount of litter. Main contributors to the difference in hydrological characteristics in the plantations were the quantity of forest floor and the maximal water holding capacity per unit weight of the floor. The relationships between water absorption processes, water absorption rate and the immersion time for litter, fitted to logarithmic and exponential regressions, respectively. Water absorption processes differed significantly between the various plantations and different decomposition floor horizons. Water absorption characteristics were influenced by leaf structure in various tree species and the degree of decomposed litter. Our results showed that litter amount in coniferous plantations were significantly higher than in deciduous broad-leaved plantation. This suggests that a large amount of nutrients are held in the litter horizon, delaying return to the soil and utilization by plants. At the same time, maximal water-holding capacity of the forest floor in F [fermentation] and H [hummus] horizons was significantly higher than that in L [fresh litter] horizon. Therefore, improving litter transformation from L horizon to F and H horizons by promoting forest floor environment would be one of the best methods for plantation management.

Time-Variant Consensus Tracking Control for Networked Planar Multi-Agent Systems with Non-Holonomic Constraints

A time-variant consensus tracking control problem for networked planar multi-agent systems with non-holonomic constraints is investigated in this paper. In the time-variant consensus tracking problem, a leader agent is expected to track a desired reference input, simultaneously, follower agents are expected to maintain a time-variant formation. To solve the time-variant consensus tracking problem of planar multi-agent systems with non-holonomic constraints, a time-variant consensus tracking control strategy is designed on the basis of an unidirectional topology structure. One of main contributions of this paper is the time-variant consensus tracking protocol for general time-variant formations of planar multi-agent systems with non-holonomic constraints, the other main contribution of this paper is an active predictive control strategy, where predictions of agents are generated actively, so that the computational efficiency is improved than passive approaches. The proposed control strategy is verified by two types of time-varying formations of wheeled mobile robots, and the experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is effective for general time-variant consensus tracking problems of planar multi-agent systems with non-holonomic constraints in local and worldwide networked environments.

A Big Stride Forward

Annual political gatherings usher in a new era of development The First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress（NPC）,China’s top legislature,came to a close in Beijing on March 20.Over the two weeks of its duration.

Preliminary studies on the basic factors of bionics

The bionic consciousness,idea,and practice opened a unique path for the progress of mankind,the development of the society,and the innovation of science and technology from the subconscious bionic activities of the ancient humans to the significant bionic designs in modern engineering.Nowadays,driven by the practical demand of human beings,bionics becomes an important factor for the sustainable development of technology.A lot of new and outstanding innovations have been produced through the effective interactions between bionics,technology,and demand.The stronger the interactions,the greater the innovation success would be.In this article,the basic factors such as the connotation,characteristics,and interactions of bionic demands,bionic models,bionic simulations,and bionic products were explained,which are the indispensable basic knowledge for improving the ability of innovation especially for the original one,realizing the design and innovation of new technology and manufacturing for better bionic products.