波尔山羊F_1代母羊生长发育规律研究

系统地记录 2 2 3只波尔山羊F1代母羊的生长发育资料 ,为合理地利用优良的肉羊品种资源提供基础数据。研究结果 :F1代母羊从出生到周岁各阶段的体尺、体重均大于当地奶山羊 ;成年母羊体重达 62 6± 2 1kg ,大于波尔山羊。F1代母羊性情温和 ,母性行为好 ,哺乳带羔能力强 ,多数母羊一胎两羔或三羔。

杜湖杂交F1代母羊妊娠期能量和蛋白质维持需要量

本研究旨在确定杜泊羊×湖羊（杜湖）杂交F1代母羊妊娠期能量和蛋白质维持需要量,为该杂交组合肉羊饲粮配制提供较为合理的能量和蛋白质需要标准。分为饲养试验、消化代谢试验和呼吸测热试验。选取15只月龄（9月龄）、体重[（43.34±1.37）kg]相近的母羊,经同期发情、自由交配后随机分为自由采食组、70%自由采食量、50%自由采食量组,每组5只母羊。在妊娠期40、100、130 d分别采用全收粪法收集粪尿,同时进行呼吸测热试验,计算得到母羊在不同妊娠时期氮、能量的表观代谢参数,依据消化代谢试验和呼吸测热试验结果分别利用沉积氮和食入氮、产热量的对数和代谢能采食量建立异速回归方程,最终得到该杂交组合在妊娠期40、100、130 d时维持净氮、维持净能、维持代谢能需要量。结果表明：1）氮表观消化率在妊娠40、100、130 d时分别为56.16%-62.24%、60.43%-65.47%、58.79%-62.01%。2）总能表观消化率在妊娠40、100、130 d时分别为51.18%-64.25%、60.86%-66.17%、63.20%-67.36%。3）在母羊妊娠40、100、130 d时维持净氮分别为287.9、301.3、430.7 mg/（kg W^0.75·d）;维持净能分别为194.01、244.59、256.08 k J/（kg W^0.75·d）;维持代谢能分别为283.18、412.26、468.56 k J/（kg W^0.75·d）。本研究最终得到了杜湖杂交F1代母羊妊娠期能量、蛋白质需要量指标,包括维持净能、维持代谢能、维持净氮。

冷季舍饲条件下两种全混合饲粮对萨藏杂交F1代育成母羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究冷季舍饲条件下两种全混合饲粮对25~35 kg萨藏杂交F1代育成母羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取体况、表型相近的萨藏杂交F1代育成母羊21只,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复1只羊。D组(CP 14.26%,ME 12.93 MJ/kg)、G组(CP 15.06%,ME 11.67 MJ/kg)饲喂不同蛋白、能量水平的全混合饲粮,对照组饲喂苜蓿和燕麦干草。预试期7 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示,G组1~30 d平均日增重、31~60 d增重和平均日增重、1~60 d增重和平均日增重显著高于D组和对照组(P<0.05),31~60 d料重比、1~60 d料重比显著低于D组(P<0.05);D组的1~30 d平均日采食量和料重比、31~60 d、1~60 d平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。G组血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇含量以及乳酸脱氢酶活性显著高于D组和对照组(P<0.05),G组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),D组血清白蛋白和钙含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),D组血清总胆汁酸和无机磷含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),D组和G组血清尿素氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,冷季对萨藏杂交F1代育成母羊饲喂全混合饲粮可以提高生长性能,其中G组的饲喂效果较好。

试析代孕的合理使用及其法律调控

2001年2月20日,国家卫生部颁布了《人类辅助生殖技术管理办法》(自2001年8月1日起施行),其中第3条规定"医疗机构和医务人员不得实施任何形式的代孕技术",从而代孕在我国将被全面禁止。本文通过对代孕现象的分析,探讨了允许代孕合理使用的理由,以及我国在今后的立法工作中应如何对代孕的合理使用加以调控。

困境中的俄狄浦斯情结——《银饰》的精神分析解读

《银饰》通常被认为是黄建中"女性三部曲"的第一部,是一个典型的女性主义文本,其实这更像是一种先入为主的误读。电影对主人公同性恋、异装癖、恋物癖、性压抑等心理疾病的视觉呈现使得它更适宜用精神分析理论进行新的解读与发掘。吕道景的离经叛道的性取向、少恒与碧兰的非常规异性恋表达方式恰当的解释了俄狄浦斯情结的合理性。

《回回药方》阿汉对音与元代汉语北方话“影、云、以”三母的读音

利用《回回药方》的阿汉对音材料,构勒了元代汉语北方话影、云、以三母的语音情况,讨论了它的演变机制。

代理孕母的法律地位

不孕不育一直是困扰人类的顽疾之一。随着科技发展，我们已将无数的不可能变为可能，1978年，世界上首例试管婴儿在英国诞生。截止1992年在世界各地通过代孕出生的婴儿已有4000多个，其中大部分在美国。对于无法妊娠的女性来说，代孕是其实现生育权唯一可行的途径，代孕更是给很多人带来了希望和快乐，可同时也伴随着大量的批评、指责，产生了诸多争议。代理孕母所处的境地是尴尬的：道德上，代母受尽指责；法律上，代母没有保障。社会的运转是同时受到法律与道德的管理与约束的，因此，法律与道德处于何种状态才最有利于保护代母值得我们探究。

Effects of ocean acidification on the metabolic rates of three species of bivalve from southern coast of China

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis are species of economic and ecological importance along the southern coast of China. We evaluated the effects of seawater acidification on clearance, respiration, and excretion rates in these three species. The animals were reared in seawater at pH 8.1 (control), 7.7, or 7.4. The clearance rate was highest at pH 7.7 for P. fucata and at pH 8.1 for C. nobilis and P. viridis. The pH had little effecton the respiration rate of P. fucata and P. viridis. In contrast, the respiration rate was significantly lower atpH 7.4 in C. nobilis. The excretion rate was significantly lower at pH 7.4 than pH 8.1 for all species. Theresults indicate that the reduction in seawater pH likely affected the metabolic process (food intake, oxygenconsumption, and ammonia excretion) of these bivalves. Different species respond differently to seawateracidification. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the exact mechanisms for this effect and evaluateadaptability of these bivalves to future acidified oceans.

Emerging function of mTORC2 as a core regulator in glioblastoma: metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance

Glioblastoma （GBM） is one of the most lethal human cancers. Genomic analyses define the molecular architecture of GBM and highlight a central function for mechanistic target of rapamycin （roTOR） signaling, roTOR kinase exists in two multi- protein complexes, namely, mTORC 1 and mTORC2. These complexes differ in terms of function, regulation and rapamycin sensitivity, mTORC 1 is well established as a cancer drug target, whereas the functions of mTORC2 in cancer, including GBM, remains poorly understood. This study reviews the recent findings that demonstrate a central function ofmTORC2 in regulating tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming, and targeted therapy resistance in GBM, which makes mTORCZ as a critical GBM drug target.

An Ecological Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep in Northern Veracruz （Mexico）

The objective was to evaluate the effect of aqueous infusion of cracked soursop seeds on two different concentrations as an organic dewormer compared to a commercial one in GNE （gastrointestinal nematodes） egg population in crossbred hair sheep （Blackbelly-Khatadin） of the northen region of Veracruz. The aqueous infusion was prepared adding 93.5 g of cracked soursop seeds in 1,875 mL of boiled water and let stand for 12 h. Crossbred ewes were randomly assigned to receive every 19 days： （1） 10 mL of cracked soursop infusion orally （n = 27）, （2） 15 mL of cracked soursop infusion orally （n = 27）, and （3） 2 mL of Febendazole subcutaneously （n = 26）. Feces （2-5 g） were collected directly from the rectum of each animal on the following days： 0, 19, 38 and 57 days post treatment. Nematode egg population was determined using the technique of McMaster. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA （analysis of variance）. There was a reduction overtime （P = 0.05） in all treatments in parasite egg population. There were no differences （P = 0.10） in egg population across treatments. In conclusion, aqueous infusion of soursop cracked seeds proved to be an environmentally friendly and effective alternative in the control of gastrointestinal parasites in crossbred hair sheep in the region of northern Veracruz.

Intergenerational Transmission： Do Mothers Perceive Their Parenting Style and Parental Authority as Similar to Their Parents？

The research study examines whether intergenerational transmission of parenting style and parental authority exists, and whether this transmission is influenced by level of religiosity and national-ethnic origin. We refer to four parenting styles： authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful; the ＂parental authority＂ domain relates to parental authority exhibited toward children in all four styles. The study used a quantitative method, and 110 Jewish and Arab-Muslim mothers in Israel filled out self-report questionnaires on two generations. The findings are： intergenerational transmission of parenting style and parental authority exist; national-ethnic origin and level of religiosity do not influence intergenerational transmission of parenting style and parental authority.

Simulation of Flux Distribution in Central Metabolism of Saccharo-myces cerevisiae by Hybridized Genetic Algorithm

A scheme of investigating the intracellular metabolic fluxes in central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on isotope model and tracer experiment was developed. The metabolic model applied in this study includes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway,the pentose phosphate pathway,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,CO2 anaplerotic reactions,ethanol and acetate formation,and pathways involved in amino acid synthesis. The approach of hybridized genetic algorithm combined with the sequential simplex technique was used to optimize a quadratic error function without the requirement of the information on the partial derivatives. The impact of some key pa-rameters on the algorithm was studied. This approach was proved to be rapid and numerically stable in the analysis of the central metabolism of S.cerevisiae.

Metabolomics Study in Methylotrophic Yeast： A Minireview

Methylotrophic yeast has been used as a cost-effective and valuable host for expression of recombinant protein due to its unique methanol utilisation pathway. It has an AOX （alcohol oxidase） protein which has been characterised to be a strong and tightly methanol-inducible dependent promoter. Metabolomics is the systematic study and inclusive analysis of small molecules called metabolites in a biological system. Metabolomics plays an important part in connecting the phenotype and genotype gap because it magnifies the modifications in the proteome and provides a better phenotype representation of an organism. This quantitative study has provided a new perception on the metabolic burden derived from the overexpression of recombinant protein in methylotrophic yeast. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspect of metabolomics in methylotrophic yeast followed by their latest developments.

Geochronology,geochemistry and geodynamics implications of Middle Triassic garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranite in central Jilin Province

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and geochemical analyses are undertaken for the garnet-bear-ing muscovite monzogranite in Yitong area, central Jilin Province. The formation age and petrogenesis of the granite are determined, and the regional tectonic background is discussed. Zircons from the granite are euhe-dral-subhedral in shape, and display fine-scale oscillatory growth zoning, indicating a magmatie origin. LA- ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating result indicates that the garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites formed in the mid-dle Triassic （243 Ma ）. The garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites have high SiO2 （SiO2 = 74.1%- 76.49% ）, rich aluminum （A1203 = 14.47%-14.68% ） and alkali （ NazO ＋ K20 = 4.31%-7.9% ）, low Fe203T and MgO （MgO =0.1%-0. 13% , Fe203T =0.46%-1.02% ）. The ratio of CaO/Na20 is between 0.17--0. 21. The garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites in Yitong region are relatively enriched in light rare earth elements （LREEs） and large ion lithophile elements （LILEs） , and depleted of heavy rare earth elements （HREEs） and high field strength elements （HFSEs）. They are characterized by high Sr and Ba, poor Rb and Y, and negative Eu abnormally （δEu =0.48-0.62） , with Rb/Sr 〈 1. The εHf（t） values and TDM2 of zircons range from ＋ 6. 10 to ＋ 8.00 and from 725 Ma to 814 Ma, respectively. The above features indicate that gar- net-bearing muscovite monzogranites in Yitong area were derived from partial melting of metasedimentary rock. These granites have high Sr/Y ratios, which suggest they formed in a thickened continental crust. Combined with the coeval granitic rocks in central Jilin Province, we suggested that a significant eollisional and thickening event took place during the Middle Triassic.

Phytogenic Feed Additive for Sows： Effects on Sow Feed Intake, Serum Metabolite Concentrations, IgG Level, Lysozyme Activity and Milk Quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence ofa phytogenic feed additive （PFA） to late-gestation （d 90） and lactation sows on their reproduction performance. Sixty Large White × Landrace primiparous sows were divided into four groups （fifteen sows per group）. The control group was fed with basal diet, the others were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% PFA, respectively. Compared with the control, the sows in 0.04% PFA group had higher feed intake during lactation and higher litter weaning weight （P 〈 0.05）. At farrowing, glucose level in 0.04% PFA sows was higher than the control and sows in 0.02% PFA had the highest IgG content among the treatments （P 〈 0.05）. On day 7 of lactation, serum urea nitrogen contents were lower in response to PFA supplementation compared to the control （P 〈 0.05）. At the same time, sows fed the 0.06% PFA diet increased the lysozyme activity （P 〈 0.05）. The levels of milk lactose and IgG were increased in 0.02% and 0.04% PFA groups （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, feeding PFA improved sows and litter performance, serum metabolite concentrations, lgG level and lysozyme activity at postpartum and milk quality.

Hydrolysis of Banana Tree Pseudostem and Second-Generation Ethanol Production by Saccharomyces Cerevisae

The alcoholic fermentation of substrates rich in free soluble sugars is well known and has been industrially developed. However, the production of second-generation ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, which is abundantly available worldwide, remains under development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the Musa cavendischii banana tree pseudostem as a substrate for alcoholic fermentation. Hydrolisis methods using dilute sulfuric acid （1% and 2% H2SO4; 15 and 30 min; 90 ℃, 100 ℃ and 120 ℃） and enzymes （pH 5.5; and 45 ℃ for 24 h reaction time） were evaluated both separately and in combination. The effect of chemical pre-treatment of the substrate using 1% and 3% m/m NaOH （120 ℃, 15 min） was verified for both methods. The highest yield coefficient of fermentable sugars from dry biomass （Yrs = 74%） was obtained using enzymatic hydrolysis and pre-treatment with 3% NaOH. Using acid hydrolysis, the maximum yield obtained was 22% （1% H2SO4, 120 ℃, 30 min）. Fermentation of the hydrolysates was satisfactory, and the maximum yield of ethanol formed per unit of substrate consumed, total productivity and efficiency values were 0.35 g, 0.90 g ethanol L^-1·h^-1 and 65.9%, respectively. This demonstrates the utility of banana tree pseudostems in second-generation ethanol production.

Preparation of Organic Selenocystine Using Locally Isolated Bread Yeast

In contrast to the toxic inorganic forms of selenium to life at very low concentrations, the organic-selenium compounds are of considerable interest and several of them play essential roles in cell biochemistry and nutritional science. Se-yeast （Selenium-enriched yeast） is a common form of selenium used to supplement dietary intake of this important trace mineral. In the present study, we tried to prepare an organic selenocystine using locally isolated bread yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）. A novel locally prepared date extract media enriched by addition of 0.2% KH2PO4 （potassium phosphate）, 0.6% ammonium sulfate was adopted as alternative culture media. Differences concentrations of selenium salt （30, 60, 120 and 240 lag/mL） were added to the yeast culture media. While the best concentration of selenium added was 30Bg/mL, it achieved optimal conditions for the growth of yeast and the production of red yeast growth identical to the standard. The products （organic selenocystine） were analyzed by HPLC （High Performance Liquid Chromatography） and AAS （Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer） comparing with authentic standard obtained from Sigma. Results confirmed the formation of similar selenocystine products.

Songjianghe biotite monzonitic granite zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical significance

The authors studied geochronology and geochemical data of the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite in the southern Zhangguangcai Range in order to determine its formation age,magma source,and tectonic environment. The results indicate that the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite was formed in the Middle Jurassic with an age of 168. 2 ± 2. 0 Ma( MSWD = 0. 93). The monzogranite was characterized by high alkali and low Ca O and Mg O,belonging to high-potassium calc-alkaline,metaluminous I-type granite. The rock is enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb,Ba,and K and strongly depleted high field strength elements such as P,Ti,Nb,and Ta. It is concluded that the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite was derived from partial melting of amphibolite facies metamorphism mafic lower-crust and its formation was controlled by the Pacific Plate subduction.

Recent advances in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for production of tyrosol and its derivatives

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and other biological activities,serving as an important precursor of high-value products such as hydroxytyrosol and salidroside.Therefore,the green and efficient biosynthesis of tyrosol and its derivatives has become a research hotspot in recent years.Building cell factories by metabolic engineering of microorganisms is a potential industrial production way,which has low costs and environmental friendliness.This paper introduces the biosynthesis pathway of tyrosol and presents the key regulated nodes in the de novo synthesis of tyrosol in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In addition,this paper reviews the recent advances in metabolic engineering for the production of hydroxytyrosol and salidroside.This review can provide a reference for engineering the strains for the high-yield production of tyrosol and its derivatives.

关于“代孕现象”的立法思考

现代医学的发展对法律的冲击日渐明显，“代孕现象”便是其中一例。虽然目前我国“代孕”市场十分火爆，但社会舆论却纷纷谴责。而我国“代孕现象”的立法也相当暧昧，笔者认为填补“代孕”相关立法空白已刻不容缓。要破解“代孕”的立法困境，必须明确“代孕”的概念，代孕合同的概念和特征，代孕行为的法律性质，确定代孕委托人和受托人的法律资格，确认代孕法律关系，完善“代孕”行为的立法等。