目的系统比较对我国儿童健康威胁较大的5类疾病,其患者自答与代答健康效用值间的差异,为相关药物经济学评价提供参考。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of science、Embase和Cochra...目的系统比较对我国儿童健康威胁较大的5类疾病,其患者自答与代答健康效用值间的差异,为相关药物经济学评价提供参考。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of science、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库,搜集同时报道儿童患者或未患病儿童的自答和代答健康效用值的文献,检索时限截止至2019年12月31日。并选取加权均值差为效应尺度,按照疾病类型,进而对应用不同健康测量工具以及不同代答者测量的儿童自答和代答效用值进行Meta分析。结果共纳入16篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,在疾病类型方面,未患病儿童(WMD=-0.034,95%CI:-0.047~-0.021)和极低体重儿(WMD=-0.023,95%CI:-0.044~-0.001)自答结果显著低于代答;哮喘(WMD=0.034,95%CI:0.029~0.039)、慢性肺部疾病(WMD=0.030,95%CI:0.003~0.057)和脊柱裂患儿(WMD=0.044,95%CI:0.010~0.078)自答结果显著高于代答。不同健康测量工具以及不同代答者的分析结果显示,在代答健康测量工具应用健康效用量表2(HUI2)或欧洲生命质量五维量表(EQ-5D)时,肿瘤患儿代答者类型选择父母时,自答和代答结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童患者自答和代答效用值间存在差异,具体区分疾病类型、健康效用测量工具和代答者类型时,差异的大小和方向有所不同。儿童健康相关生命质量或药物经济学评价研究者应优先选择儿童自答健康效用值,或自答和代答结果间无显著性差异的代答效用值。展开更多
Using Nevanlinna theory and value distribution of meromorphic functions and the other techniques,we investigate the counting functions of meromorphic solutions of systems of higher-order algebraic differential equatio...Using Nevanlinna theory and value distribution of meromorphic functions and the other techniques,we investigate the counting functions of meromorphic solutions of systems of higher-order algebraic differential equations and obtain some results.展开更多
This paper investigated how to learn the optimal action policies in cooperative multi-agent systems if the agents’ rewards are random variables, and proposed a general two-stage learning algorithm for cooperative mul...This paper investigated how to learn the optimal action policies in cooperative multi-agent systems if the agents’ rewards are random variables, and proposed a general two-stage learning algorithm for cooperative multi-(agent) decision processes. The algorithm first calculates the averaged immediate rewards, and considers these learned rewards as the agents’ immediate action rewards to learn the optimal action policies. It is proved that the learning algorithm can find the optimal policies in stochastic environment. Extending the algorithm to stochastic Markov decision processes was also discussed.展开更多
Starting from the subgroups of the group U（n）, the corresponding Lie algebras of the Lie algebra Al are presented, from which two well-known simple equivalent matrix Lie algebras are given. It follows that a few exp...Starting from the subgroups of the group U（n）, the corresponding Lie algebras of the Lie algebra Al are presented, from which two well-known simple equivalent matrix Lie algebras are given. It follows that a few expanding Lie algebras are obtained by enlarging matrices. Some of them can be devoted to producing double integrable couplings of the soliton hierarchies of nonlinear evolution equations. Others can be used to generate integrable couplings involving more potential functions. The above Lie algebras are classified into two types. Only one type can generate the integrable couplings, whose Hamiltonian structure could be obtained by use of the quadratic-form identity. In addition, one condition on searching for integrable couplings is improved such that more useful Lie algebras are enlightened to engender. Then two explicit examples are shown to illustrate the applications of the Lie algebras. Finally, with the help of closed cycling operation relations, another way of producing higher-dimensional Lie algebras is given.展开更多
Smart magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agent has the ability to increase or decrease the signal intensity through response to certain analyte. Among the growing class of responsive agent, imaging probes based ...Smart magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agent has the ability to increase or decrease the signal intensity through response to certain analyte. Among the growing class of responsive agent, imaging probes based on gadolinium ion are developing fast in the last decade since they play an important role in physiological and pathology process in living system. This minireview would highlight recent progress in metal responsive gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been extensively used in clinical diagnosis and currently over 30% MRI runs are performed in the presence of contrast agents. However, commercially available contrast agents origina...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been extensively used in clinical diagnosis and currently over 30% MRI runs are performed in the presence of contrast agents. However, commercially available contrast agents originated from small molecules typically exhibit relatively low relaxivities and insufficient circulation time. Therefore, there is a long pursuit to develop new contrast agents with high relaxivities to discriminate pathological tissues from normal ones. Compared with small molecule MRI contrast agents, the incorporation of small molecule contrast agents into macromolecular scaffolds allows for constructing macromolecular MRI contrast agents, remarkably elevating the relaxivities due in part to increased rotational correlation time(τR). Moreover, if the macromolecular scaffolds are responsive to external stimuli, the MRI signals could be selectively switched on at the desired sites(e.g., pathological tissues), further intensifying the imaging contrast. In this feature article, we outline the recent achievements in the fabrication of stimuli-responsive macromolecular MRI contrast agents. Specifically, macromolecular contrast agents being responsive to acidic p H, redox potentials, and other stimuli including photoirradiation, pathogens, and salt concentration are discussed. These smart contrast agents could affect either longitudinal(T1) or transverse(T2) relaxation times of water protons or other nuclei(e.g.,19 F), exhibiting enhanced signals in pathological tissues yet suppressed signals in normal ones and displaying promising potentials in in vitro and in vivo MRI applications.展开更多
pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerizatio...pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate(DIPEMA) and camptothecin prodrug monomer(CPTM) using biocompatible poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)(PHPMA-CPDB) as the macro RAFT agent is carried out, forming prodrug diblock copolymer PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM). Then, simultaneous fulfillment of polymerization, self-assembly, and drug encapsulation are achieved via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate(Bz MA) using the PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM) as the macro RAFT agent. The prodrug nanoparticles have three layers, the biocompatible shell(PHPMA), the drug-conjugated middle layer(P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM)) and the PBz MA core, and relatively high concentration(250 mg/g). The prodrug nanoparticles can respond to two stimuli(reductive and acidic conditions). Due to reductive microenvironment of cytosol, the cleavage of the conjugated camptothecin(CPT) within the prodrug nanoparticles could be effectively triggered. p H-Induced hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition of the PDIPEMA chains results in faster diffusion of GSH into the CPTM units, thus accelerated release of CPT is observed in mild acidic and reductive conditions. Cell viability assays show that the prodrug nanoparticles exhibit well performance of intracellular drug delivery and good anticancer activity.展开更多
文摘目的系统比较对我国儿童健康威胁较大的5类疾病,其患者自答与代答健康效用值间的差异,为相关药物经济学评价提供参考。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of science、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库,搜集同时报道儿童患者或未患病儿童的自答和代答健康效用值的文献,检索时限截止至2019年12月31日。并选取加权均值差为效应尺度,按照疾病类型,进而对应用不同健康测量工具以及不同代答者测量的儿童自答和代答效用值进行Meta分析。结果共纳入16篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,在疾病类型方面,未患病儿童(WMD=-0.034,95%CI:-0.047~-0.021)和极低体重儿(WMD=-0.023,95%CI:-0.044~-0.001)自答结果显著低于代答;哮喘(WMD=0.034,95%CI:0.029~0.039)、慢性肺部疾病(WMD=0.030,95%CI:0.003~0.057)和脊柱裂患儿(WMD=0.044,95%CI:0.010~0.078)自答结果显著高于代答。不同健康测量工具以及不同代答者的分析结果显示,在代答健康测量工具应用健康效用量表2(HUI2)或欧洲生命质量五维量表(EQ-5D)时,肿瘤患儿代答者类型选择父母时,自答和代答结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童患者自答和代答效用值间存在差异,具体区分疾病类型、健康效用测量工具和代答者类型时,差异的大小和方向有所不同。儿童健康相关生命质量或药物经济学评价研究者应优先选择儿童自答健康效用值,或自答和代答结果间无显著性差异的代答效用值。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（10471065） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province（04010474）
文摘Using Nevanlinna theory and value distribution of meromorphic functions and the other techniques,we investigate the counting functions of meromorphic solutions of systems of higher-order algebraic differential equations and obtain some results.
文摘This paper investigated how to learn the optimal action policies in cooperative multi-agent systems if the agents’ rewards are random variables, and proposed a general two-stage learning algorithm for cooperative multi-(agent) decision processes. The algorithm first calculates the averaged immediate rewards, and considers these learned rewards as the agents’ immediate action rewards to learn the optimal action policies. It is proved that the learning algorithm can find the optimal policies in stochastic environment. Extending the algorithm to stochastic Markov decision processes was also discussed.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10471139 and Hong Kong Research Grant Council under Grant No. HKBU RGC 2016/05p
文摘Starting from the subgroups of the group U（n）, the corresponding Lie algebras of the Lie algebra Al are presented, from which two well-known simple equivalent matrix Lie algebras are given. It follows that a few expanding Lie algebras are obtained by enlarging matrices. Some of them can be devoted to producing double integrable couplings of the soliton hierarchies of nonlinear evolution equations. Others can be used to generate integrable couplings involving more potential functions. The above Lie algebras are classified into two types. Only one type can generate the integrable couplings, whose Hamiltonian structure could be obtained by use of the quadratic-form identity. In addition, one condition on searching for integrable couplings is improved such that more useful Lie algebras are enlightened to engender. Then two explicit examples are shown to illustrate the applications of the Lie algebras. Finally, with the help of closed cycling operation relations, another way of producing higher-dimensional Lie algebras is given.
基金supported by the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDKYYQ20180001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21704099)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program and the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(Grant No.RERUY2017009)
文摘Smart magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agent has the ability to increase or decrease the signal intensity through response to certain analyte. Among the growing class of responsive agent, imaging probes based on gadolinium ion are developing fast in the last decade since they play an important role in physiological and pathology process in living system. This minireview would highlight recent progress in metal responsive gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51690150, 51690154, 21674103, 51722307, 51673179)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) of MOST (2016YFE0129700)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1708085QB34)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK3450000003, WK2060200023)
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been extensively used in clinical diagnosis and currently over 30% MRI runs are performed in the presence of contrast agents. However, commercially available contrast agents originated from small molecules typically exhibit relatively low relaxivities and insufficient circulation time. Therefore, there is a long pursuit to develop new contrast agents with high relaxivities to discriminate pathological tissues from normal ones. Compared with small molecule MRI contrast agents, the incorporation of small molecule contrast agents into macromolecular scaffolds allows for constructing macromolecular MRI contrast agents, remarkably elevating the relaxivities due in part to increased rotational correlation time(τR). Moreover, if the macromolecular scaffolds are responsive to external stimuli, the MRI signals could be selectively switched on at the desired sites(e.g., pathological tissues), further intensifying the imaging contrast. In this feature article, we outline the recent achievements in the fabrication of stimuli-responsive macromolecular MRI contrast agents. Specifically, macromolecular contrast agents being responsive to acidic p H, redox potentials, and other stimuli including photoirradiation, pathogens, and salt concentration are discussed. These smart contrast agents could affect either longitudinal(T1) or transverse(T2) relaxation times of water protons or other nuclei(e.g.,19 F), exhibiting enhanced signals in pathological tissues yet suppressed signals in normal ones and displaying promising potentials in in vitro and in vivo MRI applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0205601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51625305, 21704095, 21774113, 21525420)
文摘pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate(DIPEMA) and camptothecin prodrug monomer(CPTM) using biocompatible poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)(PHPMA-CPDB) as the macro RAFT agent is carried out, forming prodrug diblock copolymer PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM). Then, simultaneous fulfillment of polymerization, self-assembly, and drug encapsulation are achieved via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate(Bz MA) using the PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM) as the macro RAFT agent. The prodrug nanoparticles have three layers, the biocompatible shell(PHPMA), the drug-conjugated middle layer(P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM)) and the PBz MA core, and relatively high concentration(250 mg/g). The prodrug nanoparticles can respond to two stimuli(reductive and acidic conditions). Due to reductive microenvironment of cytosol, the cleavage of the conjugated camptothecin(CPT) within the prodrug nanoparticles could be effectively triggered. p H-Induced hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition of the PDIPEMA chains results in faster diffusion of GSH into the CPTM units, thus accelerated release of CPT is observed in mild acidic and reductive conditions. Cell viability assays show that the prodrug nanoparticles exhibit well performance of intracellular drug delivery and good anticancer activity.
