儿科生活质量量表患儿自评和家长代评差异的比较

目的通过评估和描述急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患儿的生活质量状况,比较患儿自评和家长代评结果的差异。方法选择2010年10月—2011年11月在上海某3级甲等儿童专科医院住院的ALL患儿及其家长共52例,采用儿科生活质量测定量表体系(The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Models,PedsQLTM)中的PedsQLTM4.0儿童生活质量普适性核心量表和PedsQLTM3.0儿童癌症模块生活质量量表进行自我评估和家长评估。结果家长报告在生活质量总体得分上与儿童自评一致(P>0.05)。但患儿在生理、情感方面以及对于"操作性焦虑"及"担心"上得分高于家长的评分(P<0.05);而在"学校方面"和"认知方面"低于家长报告(P<0.05)。结论患儿和家长对生活质量总体评价间不存在显著差异,当患儿自评存在困难时,家长代评具有一定的参考价值。但作为独立的个体,患儿和家长所得出的生活质量可能存在部分偏差,因此在临床工作中,应充分结合患儿和家长两者的汇报,以提供更全面、更优质、更个性化的护理。

烧伤儿童及少年瘢痕增生期的生活质量自评与家长代评的差异

目的探讨烧伤儿童（7～12岁）、少年（13～18岁）瘢痕增生期的生活质量自评与家长代评的差异。方法便利抽样法选择2012年8月至2013年10月在瑞金医院进行治疗的处于瘢痕增生期的儿童、少年及其家长各40例（共计160例）为研究对象，采用儿童少年生活质量量表（quality of life scale for children and adolescent，QLSCA）对学龄期儿童、少年及其家长进行评估。结果处于烧伤瘢痕增生期的儿童对“躯体感觉”和“运动能力”因子的评分高于其家长，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0．05），其他维度评分的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。处于烧伤瘢痕增生期的少年在“社会心理功能”和“生理心理健康”两个维度中多个因子的评分低于其家长，而“躯体感受”和“负性情绪”因子的评分则高于其家长，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。但在生活满意度的评分上，儿童和青少年与其家长的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论在今后护理工作中应向家长指出代评的差异，以便进行更全面、优质、有效的心理指导，使家长在患儿瘢痕日常护理和康复中能和患儿进行更有效的沟通。

CHU9D和EQ-5D-Y量表在我国急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿中的自评与代评健康效用值一致性研究

目的:评价CHU9D和EQ-5D-Y量表在我国急性淋巴细胞白血病(以下简称“急淋”)患儿中的自评与代评健康效用值一致性,为准确测量急淋患儿的健康效用提供参考。方法:采用CHU9D和EQ-5D-Y量表对80名急淋患儿及其主要照顾人进行问卷调查。使用Gwet's AC1评估量表维度间的一致性,使用组内相关系数、Bland-Altman图评价健康效用值自评与代评一致性。根据自评与代评的健康效用值差值大小分为2个亚组,并进行关联性分析和logistic回归分析,探究影响自评与代评的健康效用值差异的潜在因素。结果:患儿平均年龄为11.7岁,平均病程为12.3个月。患儿的主要照顾人多为女性(72.5%),92.5%患儿的主要照顾人为患儿的父母。CHU9D和EQ-5D-Y量表各维度自评与代评的一致性水平大部分为“中等”至“极好”。两量表健康效用值一致性一般,自评与代评的健康效用值差异大小仅与患儿性别相关,且女性患儿的自评与代评的健康效用值差异较大的可能性为男性患儿的18.20倍。结论:CHU9D和EQ-5D-Y量表自评与代评的一致性中等,且差异不大。但是CHU9D自评与代评的一致性更易受潜在极端异常情况的影响。建议符合年龄的我国急淋患儿应尽量在稳定健康状态和适宜的应答环境下进行自评,可以由主要照顾人或调查员在旁进行单纯的读写辅助,从而更好地测量患儿最真实的健康状态。

阿尔茨海默病老年患者自评和代评生活质量差异性分析

目的了解阿尔茨海默病老年患者自评和代评生活质量的差异性,为临床护理人员正确测评其生活质量提供依据。方法于2019年5—8月采取方便抽样方法,选取山东省千佛山医院、山东省省立医院神经内科门诊就诊的165例阿尔茨海默病老年患者及其主要照顾者为调查对象,采用自行设计的老年人及其主要照顾者一般情况调查表、阿尔茨海默病生活质量量表、中国版失智功能障碍评估量表、蒙特利尔认知量表、简版老年抑郁量表、神经精神症状问卷以及照顾负担量表进行面对面调查。结果回收有效问卷为150份。阿尔茨海默病老年患者自评生活质量总分为(33.40±2.84)分,代评生活质量总得分为(31.45±3.44)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AD老年患者年龄、受教育程度、合并疾病种类、功能障碍、抑郁状况、照顾负担是自评生活质量的主要影响因素(P<0.05);照顾者与老年人关系、照顾者受教育程度、照顾者自评健康状况、日常生活能力、神经精神症状、照顾负担是代评生活质量的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论阿尔茨海默病老年患者自评和代评生活质量存在差异性,建议通过提高阿尔茨海默病老年患者自评准确度及照顾者测评准确度减少差异,有助于提高阿尔茨海默病老年患者的生活质量。

发挥“以奖代赈”机制效应,拓展资助育人新途径

高校学生资助制度经历了从无到有并逐渐走向成熟的过程,至今基本上形成了"奖贷助补减"相结合的多元化高校家庭贫困生资助体系。但随着社会的不断发展,现行的奖助制度暴露出"重资助、轻育人"等诸多问题,文章试从制度建设、机制运行等角度出发,分析现行国家奖助学金制度制定及落实层面的诸多问题并引发思考。

Construction of the Evaluation Index System and Assessment on the Modern Agriculture Development of Bohai Rim

[Objetive] To make clear the regional agricultural development level.[Method] To accelerate the process of modern agricultural development of Bohai Rim,the assessment index system of modern agriculture was established preliminarily and the data of provinces and cities in Bohai Rim was evaluated and analyzed,regarding the comprehensive development level of modern agriculture as general target and the input level of modern agriculture,the output level of modern agriculture,the social development level of countryside and the sustainable development level of agriculture as grading index.[Result] The results showed that Bohai Rim just entered the developmental stage of modern agriculture,with the integrated index of 0.585.Viewed from regional perspective,Beijing topped the others with the index of 0.798,which was followed by 0.694 of Tianjin,0.644 of Shandong,0.606 of Liaoning and Hebei province had the lowest value of 0.595.[Conclusion] Among all cities in this region,none of them reached at the developed level of modern agriculture.There were ten cities,which were mainly located in Shandong Province,were at the primary stage while the most of others were at the preliminary or initial stage.

Evil-hunter: a novel web shell detection system based on scoring scheme

In order to detect web shells that hackers inject into web servers by exploiting system vulnerabilities or web page open sources, a novel web shell detection system based on the scoring scheme is proposed, named Evil-hunter. First, a large set of malicious function samples normally used in web shells are collected from various sources on the Internet and security forums. Secondly, according to the danger level and the frequency of using these malicious functions in the web shells as well as in legal web applications, an assigning score strategy for each malicious sample is devised. Then, the appropriate score threshold value for each sample is obtained from the results of a statistical analysis. Finally, based on the threshold value, a simple algorithm is presented to identify files that contain web shells in web applications. The experimental results show that compared with other approaches, Evil-hunter can identify web shells more efficiently and accurately.

CTCPPre: A prediction method for accepted pull requests in GitHub

As the popularity of open source projects,the volume of incoming pull requests is too large,which puts heavy burden on integrators who are responsible for accepting or rejecting pull requests.An accepted pull request prediction approach can help integrators by allowing them either to enforce an immediate rejection of code changes or allocate more resources to overcome the deficiency.In this paper,an approach CTCPPre is proposed to predict the accepted pull requests in GitHub.CTCPPre mainly considers code features of modified changes,text features of pull requests’description,contributor features of developers’previous behaviors,and project features of development environment.The effectiveness of CTCPPre on 28 projects containing 221096 pull requests is evaluated.Experimental results show that CTCPPre has good performances by achieving accuracy of 0.82,AUC of 0.76 and F1-score of 0.88 on average.It is compared with the state of art accepted pull request prediction approach RFPredict.On average across 28 projects,CTCPPre outperforms RFPredict by 6.64%,16.06%and 4.79%in terms of accuracy,AUC and F1-score,respectively.

A Review of Interaction Between Neon Flying Squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) and Oceanographic Variability in the North Pacific Ocean

The neon flying squid （Ommastrephes bartramii） is a short-lived opporttmistic species widely distributed in subtropical and temperate waters in the North Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii from planktonic eggs to nektonic adults is closely linked to oceanographic conditions. The fluctuations in O. bartramii abundance and distribution tend to increase and widen continu- ously due to the heavy influences of ocean-climate events on various spatio-temporal scales. In this study, we reviewed the interac- tion between O. bartramii and oceanography variability in the North Pacific with respect to large-scale climatic-oceanic phenomena including E1 Nifio, La Nifia, Kuroshio, Oyashio and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, as well as regional environmental variables such as sea surface temperature （SST）, sea surface height （SSH）, sea surface salinity （SSS）, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration, and plankton density. The population dynamics of O. bartramii is mediated mainly by meso- and large-scale climatic-oceanic events （e.g., Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents） rather than other local environmental conditions （e.g., SST and Chl-a concentration）, because all of the oceanographic influences are imposed on the context of large-scale climate changes （e.g., PDO）. An unstructured-grid finite- volume coastal ocean model coupled with an individual-based model is proposed to simulate relevant physical-biological oceano- graphic processes for identifying ocean-climate influence and predicting O. bartramii distribution and abundance in the North Pacific. Future research needs to be focused on improving the knowledge about early life history of O. bartramii and evaluating the relation- ship between marine physical environment and two separate passive drifting life stages of O. bartramii including free-floating eggs and planktonic paralarvae.

Optimization of conditions for tetraspore release and assessment of photosynthetic activities for different generation branches of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory

Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory is an economically important alga that is primarily used for agar production.Although tetraspores are ideal seeds for the cultivation of G.lemaneiformis,the most popular culture method is currently based on vegetative fragments,which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.In this study,we optimized the conditions for tetraspore release and evaluated the photosynthetic activities of different colonies formed from the branches of G.lemaneiformis using a PAM(pulse-amplitude-modulated) measuring system.The results showed that variations in temperature and salinityhad significant effects on tetraspore yield.However,variations in the photon flux density(from 15 μmol m-2 s-1 to 480 μmol m-2 s-1) had no apparent effect on tetraspore yield.Moreover,the PAM-parameters Y(I),Y(Ⅱ),ETR(I),ETR(Ⅱ) and Fv/Fm of colonies formed from different branches showed the same trend:parameter values of first generation branches>second generation branches>third generation branches.These results suggest that the photosynthetic activities of different colonies of branches changed with the same trend.Furthermore,photosynthesis in G.lemaneiformis was found to be involved in vegetative reproduction and tetraspore formation.Finally,the first generation branches grew slowly,but accumulated organic compounds to form large numbers of tetraspores.Taken together,these results showed that the first generation branches are ideal materials for the release of tetraspores.

A Review on Researches of Active Tectonics—History,Progress and Suggestions

This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas.By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries,the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s.The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research,such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics,the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics,surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures,active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas,as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology.Furthermore,the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics.These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation,coseismic slip and cumulative slip,fault slip rate,the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event.At the same time,efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories,models,methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to probabilistic assessment,magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults,and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement.Finally,in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China,the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future.

MODEL-BASED PERFORMANCE EVALUATION APPROACH FOR MOBILE AGENT SYSTEMS

Claimed as the next generation programming paradigm, mobile agent technology has attracted extensive interests in recent years. However, up to now, limited research efforts have been devoted to the performance study of mobile agent system and most of these researches focus on agent behavior analysis resulting in that models are hard to apply to mobile agent systems. To bridge the gap, a new performance evaluation model derived from operation mechanisms of mobile agent platforms is proposed. Details are discussed for the design of companion simulation software, which can provide the system performance such as response time of platform to mobile agent. Further investigation is followed on the determination of model parameters. Finally comparison is made between the model-based simulation results and measurement-based real performance of mobile agent systems. The results show that the proposed model and designed software are effective in evaluating performance characteristics of mobile agent systems. The proposed approach can also be considered as the basis of performance analysis for large systems composed of multiple mobile agent platforms.

An Air Route Planning Model of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Under Constraints of Ground Safety

With the rapid growth of the number and flight time of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),safety accidents caused by UAVs flight risk is increasing gradually.Safe air route planning is an effective means to reduce the operational risk of UAVs at the strategic level.The optimal air route planning model based on ground risk assessment is presented by considering the safety cost of UAV air route.Through the rasterization of the ground surface under the air route,the safety factor of each grid is defined with the probability of fatality on the ground per flight hour as the quantitative index.The air route safety cost function is constructed based on the safety factor of each grid.Then,the total cost function considering both air route safety and flight distance is established.The expected function of the ant colony algorithm is rebuilt and used as the algorithm to plan the air routes.The effectiveness of the new air route planning model is verified through the logistical distribution scenario on urban airspace.The results indicate that the new air route planning model considering safety factor can greatly improve the overall safety of air route under small increase of the total flight time.

Branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio value as a potential prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma

The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on tumor extension as well as hepatic function.Hepatic functional reserve is recognized as a factor affecting survival in the treatment of HCC;the ChildPugh classif ication system is the most extensively used method for assessing hepatic functional reserve in patients with chronic liver disease,using serum albumin level to achieve accurate assessment of the status of protein metabolism.However,insuff icient attention has been given to the status of amino acid(AA) metabolism in chronic liver disease and HCC.Fischer's ratio is the molar ratio of branched-chain AAs(BCAAs:leucine,valine,isoleucine) to aromatic AAs(phenylalanine,tyrosine) and is important for assessing liver metabolism,hepatic functional reserve and the severity of liver dysfunction.Although this ratio is diff icult to determine in clinical situations,BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratio(BTR) has been proposed as a simpler substitute.BTR correlates with various liver function examinations,including markers of hepatic f ibrosis,hepatic blood flow and hepatocyte function,and can thus be considered as reflecting the degree of hepatic impairment.This manuscript examines the literature to clarify whether BTR can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment of HCC.

Substituted plan analysis in the environmental impact assessment of Yongchuan wastewater treatment project

Substituted plan in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) mainly means the treatment technology and the substituted site of plant, and it also includes the many kinds of environment protection measures. This paper will make detailed analysis on the treatment technology, the substituted site of plant, the purpose of discharged water and the dispose of sludge in the Yongchuan wastewater treatment project.

Congruity of Multiple Performance Measures

In multi-action situation, there are losses of efficiency due to noise effect and incongruity effect. To isolate noise effect, we prove that the loss of efficiency is zero if and only if the objective of the principal is a linear representation of the performance measures when the performance measures are noiseless. Using this result, several definitions of incongruity are given. Our definitions extend the single performance definition given in Feltham and Xie （1994） to multiple performance measures situation, and reconcile the conflict between the definition given in Datar et al. （2001） and that in Feltham and Xie （1994）. A numeric example is analyzed to show the way that the variances of measures and correlation coefficient between measures affect the utility of the principal.

Plate Load Tests on Municipal Solid Waste Dump Site to Assess Ground Improvement Alternatives

Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. As the land cost is increasing tremendously and decreasing availability of good construction site is building up pressure on the engineers to utilize even the poorest site either by providing special type of foundation or by improving ground in urban centres. In this context literature is reviewed for use of landfill site for housing. The site exploration for old dump site was carried out to assess subsoil characteristics. The objective was to evolve strategy for economical feasible ground improvement technique to obtain permissible bearing capacity of 150 kPa and total settlement not more than 50 mm. The tests carried out are load tests with geotextile mat and stone filled wire mess matress. The analysis was attempted to evaluate the soil response and bearing capacity. The site can be used for construction of low rise housing for rehabilitation of displaced persons under TP scheme within city area utilizing old landfill sites.

Tess - A Pure but Tragic Woman

Thomas Hardy had a developing conception of tragedy in the process of his novel creation. When he wrote Tess of D'Urbervilles, he became fully aware that the human tragedy resulted far more from society than characters themselves. The article is to elaborate how society imposes on Tess the tragedy in a planned way.

Assessing Creative Writing in a Postmodem Era

How to teach creative writing at school？ If the procedures inherited from writing workshops have undoubtedly proved efficient as regards text production, it is also clear that in Switzerland, as elsewhere in Europe and in the Anglo-Saxon world, the present use of evaluation grids with their numerous items prevents secondary school pupils from adopting the stance of an author. Why？ Simply because the most innovative and ＂literary＂ texts are always surprising： They are ＂different＂, and could not possibly result from writing guidelines devised only to facilitate a mechanical evaluation itself conceived for the sake of some illusory objectivity... Now, in our postmodern age with its rejection of models, what is more difficult than assessing the quality of creative writing？ In our approach, we suggest restoring confidence in the teacher, an expert reader if any, who, acting as a publisher, dramaturge, or mere aesthete, knows how to take his pupils＇ texts seriously, acknowledge their aesthetic value, and look at apparent clumsiness as a possible promise of innovation. The teaching of creative writing lies both in this specific reception of budding works and in the teacher＇s performative utterances that, then and there, make the pupil a writer.

Analysis and evaluation of the stability of the continuously welded rail track

As the modern railway construction continues to mature, now the laying of the continuously welded rail track has become an important part of the construction and development of the modern industry of the railway. The study and evaluation of the stability of the continuously welded rail track will better play the values and roles of the continuously welded rail track. At the same time, through the analysis of the specific factors affecting the stability of the CWR track, especially with the combination of the data simulation, we can thus carry out the more accurate the application of the continuously welded rail track. This paper will explore the construction and application background of the continuously welded rail track, and combine the cognition of the specific factors that affect the stability of the continuously welded rail track, so as to accurately analyze and evaluate the stability of the continuously welded rail track.