我国药物研发由仿制向原研的转型,对药学相关实验课程的教学模式改革提出了新要求。为了提高药物代谢动力学实验课程的教学效果,将Journal of Visualized Experiments(JoVE)科教视频库与现有综合设计性实验课程体系相结合,优化实验教学...我国药物研发由仿制向原研的转型,对药学相关实验课程的教学模式改革提出了新要求。为了提高药物代谢动力学实验课程的教学效果,将Journal of Visualized Experiments(JoVE)科教视频库与现有综合设计性实验课程体系相结合,优化实验教学资源,拓展“第二课堂”学习空间。结果表明,JoVE科教视频库有助于激发学生学习兴趣,提高实验成功率,增加学生对于实验原理的理解,提高解决实际问题的能力。展开更多
AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal ...AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate [4%, 1 mL/kg body weight (BW)] and trypsin (2 U/kg BW). Animals were allocated either to untreated controls as group 1 or to one of two treatment groups as group 2 receiving a low-volume CVVH [20 mL/(kg·h)], and group 3 receiving a high-volume CVVH [100 (mL/kg·h)]. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted during the operation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, as well as survival of pigs were evaluated in the study. RESULTS: Survival time was significantly prolonged by low-volume and high-volume CVVHs, which was more pronounced in the latter. High-volume CVVH was significantly superior compared with less intensive treatment modalities (low-volume CVVH) in systemic inflammatory reaction protection. The major hemodynamic finding was that pancreatitis-induced hypotension was significantly attenuated by intensive CVVH (87.4±12.5 kPa vs116.3±7.8 kPa,P＜0.01). The development of hyperdynamic circulatory failure was simultaneously attenuated, as reflected by a limited increase in cardiac output, an attenuated decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an elevation in oxygen extraction ratio. CONCLUSION: CVVH blunts the pancreatitis-induced cardiovascular response and increases tissue oxygen extraction. The high-volume CVVH is distinctly superior in preventing sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride （SM·HCl） on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. METHODS： The in vitro release behavior of two ...AIM： To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride （SM·HCl） on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. METHODS： The in vitro release behavior of two SM·HCl dosage forms, including commercial 12-h sustained-release tablets and 24-h sustained-release pellets prepared in our laboratory, was examined. The two dosage forms were orally administrated to beagle dogs, and then the in vivo SM.HCI pharmacokinetics was investigated and compared. RESULTS： The optimal SM·HCl sustained-release formulation was achieved by mixing slow- and rapidrelease pellets （9：1, w/w）. The SM·HCl release profiles of the sustained-release pellets were scarcely influenced by the pH of the dissolution medium. Release from the 12-h sustained-release tablets was markedly quicker than that from the 24-h sustained-release pellets, the cumulative release up to 12-h was 99.9% vs68.7%. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, the 24-h SM.HCI sustainedrelease pellets had longer tmax and lower Cmax compared to the 12-h sustained-release tablets, the tmax being 2.67±0.52 h vs 9.83±0.98 h and the Cmax being 1334.45±368.76 ng/mL vs 893.12±292.55 ng/mL, respectively. However, the AUC0-tn of two SM·HCl dosage forms was comparable and both preparations were statistically bioequivalent. Furthermore, the two preparations had good correlations between SM·HCl percentage absorption in vivoand the cumulative percentage release in vitro. CONCLUSION： The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Therefore, managing the in vitro release behavior of dosage forms is a promising strategy for obtaining the optimal in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and safe therapeutic drug concentration-time curves.展开更多
Mineral salts are of great importance on the regulation of different metabolic activities of living organisms. The well-functioning of the body depends on mineral salts. These salts, existing naturally in small quanti...Mineral salts are of great importance on the regulation of different metabolic activities of living organisms. The well-functioning of the body depends on mineral salts. These salts, existing naturally in small quantity in our diverse diets （grains, legumes, fruit, tea, egg, etc.）, are concentrated in seawater. In this paper, the indirect fi＇eezing is used as a concentration process to recover the most of salt minerals naturally present in seawater. Freezing is known as a purification process, but this paper recovers the brine instead of the formed ice. A 3.5% salinity solution with an appropriate setup is used to recover the maximum of salt in the brine. The work aims to develop a process for freezing salt concentration on cold walls. The influence of operating parameters has highlighted the important role of the cooling ramp and stay time on the salt concentration produced.展开更多
Purpose： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek （Trigonellafoenum-graecum） seeds （Fenu-FG） on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and b...Purpose： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek （Trigonellafoenum-graecum） seeds （Fenu-FG） on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and body fat in healthy male subjects during an 8-week resistance training program using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Methods： Sixty healthy male subjects were randomized to ingest capsules of Fenu-FG （1 capsule of 300 rag, twice per day） or the matching placebo at a 1：1 ratio. The subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week resistance-training program for 8 weeks. The outcome measurements were recorded at recruitment （baseline） and at the end of the treatment （8 weeks）. The efficacy outcome included serum testosterone （total and free） levels, muscle strength and repetitions to failure, metabolic markers for anabolic activity （serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen）, and % body fat. The standard safety measurements such as adverse events monitoring, vital signs, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis were performed. Results： Fenu-FG supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. Fenu-FG treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The Fenu-FG supplemen- tation was found to be safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion： Fenu-FG supplementation showed beneficial effects in male subjects during resistance training without any clinical side effects.展开更多
This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commenta...This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.展开更多
文摘我国药物研发由仿制向原研的转型,对药学相关实验课程的教学模式改革提出了新要求。为了提高药物代谢动力学实验课程的教学效果,将Journal of Visualized Experiments(JoVE)科教视频库与现有综合设计性实验课程体系相结合,优化实验教学资源,拓展“第二课堂”学习空间。结果表明,JoVE科教视频库有助于激发学生学习兴趣,提高实验成功率,增加学生对于实验原理的理解,提高解决实际问题的能力。
基金Supported by the Social Development Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No.BS2000051
文摘AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate [4%, 1 mL/kg body weight (BW)] and trypsin (2 U/kg BW). Animals were allocated either to untreated controls as group 1 or to one of two treatment groups as group 2 receiving a low-volume CVVH [20 mL/(kg·h)], and group 3 receiving a high-volume CVVH [100 (mL/kg·h)]. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted during the operation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, as well as survival of pigs were evaluated in the study. RESULTS: Survival time was significantly prolonged by low-volume and high-volume CVVHs, which was more pronounced in the latter. High-volume CVVH was significantly superior compared with less intensive treatment modalities (low-volume CVVH) in systemic inflammatory reaction protection. The major hemodynamic finding was that pancreatitis-induced hypotension was significantly attenuated by intensive CVVH (87.4±12.5 kPa vs116.3±7.8 kPa,P＜0.01). The development of hyperdynamic circulatory failure was simultaneously attenuated, as reflected by a limited increase in cardiac output, an attenuated decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an elevation in oxygen extraction ratio. CONCLUSION: CVVH blunts the pancreatitis-induced cardiovascular response and increases tissue oxygen extraction. The high-volume CVVH is distinctly superior in preventing sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride （SM·HCl） on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. METHODS： The in vitro release behavior of two SM·HCl dosage forms, including commercial 12-h sustained-release tablets and 24-h sustained-release pellets prepared in our laboratory, was examined. The two dosage forms were orally administrated to beagle dogs, and then the in vivo SM.HCI pharmacokinetics was investigated and compared. RESULTS： The optimal SM·HCl sustained-release formulation was achieved by mixing slow- and rapidrelease pellets （9：1, w/w）. The SM·HCl release profiles of the sustained-release pellets were scarcely influenced by the pH of the dissolution medium. Release from the 12-h sustained-release tablets was markedly quicker than that from the 24-h sustained-release pellets, the cumulative release up to 12-h was 99.9% vs68.7%. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, the 24-h SM.HCI sustainedrelease pellets had longer tmax and lower Cmax compared to the 12-h sustained-release tablets, the tmax being 2.67±0.52 h vs 9.83±0.98 h and the Cmax being 1334.45±368.76 ng/mL vs 893.12±292.55 ng/mL, respectively. However, the AUC0-tn of two SM·HCl dosage forms was comparable and both preparations were statistically bioequivalent. Furthermore, the two preparations had good correlations between SM·HCl percentage absorption in vivoand the cumulative percentage release in vitro. CONCLUSION： The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Therefore, managing the in vitro release behavior of dosage forms is a promising strategy for obtaining the optimal in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and safe therapeutic drug concentration-time curves.
文摘Mineral salts are of great importance on the regulation of different metabolic activities of living organisms. The well-functioning of the body depends on mineral salts. These salts, existing naturally in small quantity in our diverse diets （grains, legumes, fruit, tea, egg, etc.）, are concentrated in seawater. In this paper, the indirect fi＇eezing is used as a concentration process to recover the most of salt minerals naturally present in seawater. Freezing is known as a purification process, but this paper recovers the brine instead of the formed ice. A 3.5% salinity solution with an appropriate setup is used to recover the maximum of salt in the brine. The work aims to develop a process for freezing salt concentration on cold walls. The influence of operating parameters has highlighted the important role of the cooling ramp and stay time on the salt concentration produced.
基金supported by the Indus Biotech Private Ltd.,Pune with no role in the collection,analysis,and interpretation of data and the writing of the report
文摘Purpose： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek （Trigonellafoenum-graecum） seeds （Fenu-FG） on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and body fat in healthy male subjects during an 8-week resistance training program using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Methods： Sixty healthy male subjects were randomized to ingest capsules of Fenu-FG （1 capsule of 300 rag, twice per day） or the matching placebo at a 1：1 ratio. The subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week resistance-training program for 8 weeks. The outcome measurements were recorded at recruitment （baseline） and at the end of the treatment （8 weeks）. The efficacy outcome included serum testosterone （total and free） levels, muscle strength and repetitions to failure, metabolic markers for anabolic activity （serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen）, and % body fat. The standard safety measurements such as adverse events monitoring, vital signs, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis were performed. Results： Fenu-FG supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. Fenu-FG treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The Fenu-FG supplemen- tation was found to be safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion： Fenu-FG supplementation showed beneficial effects in male subjects during resistance training without any clinical side effects.
文摘This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.
