The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the e...The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the exploitation of non-renewable resources. In this work, the calorific value and chemical composition of liquors resulting from the autohydrolysis of six different lignocellulosic materials was determined （Eucalyptus globulus, Arundo donax, Leucaena diversifolia, Paulownia fortunei, Sunflower stalks and Chamaecytisus proliferus） and was assessed for the obtainment of energy, sugars and other chemical products by using of integral fractionation based on autohydrolysis. Autohydrolysis processes have been considered interesting in the case of timber species studied compared with herbaceous species with variations in the extraction of the xylan fraction at 180℃ between 19.68% for Eucalyptus globulus and 36.79% for Leucaena diversifolia and 200℃ between 57.86% for Paulawniafortunei and 79.13 % for Chamaecytisusproliferus. In general, all materials show a solid fraction ＂more energy＂ from the hydrolysis to 200℃ than 180℃ and raw materials. It is interesting as the potential economy valuation of the liquid fractions of the hydrolysis, the solid waste recovery present more energetic profitability.展开更多
The objective of this paper is the evaluation of business opportunities attractiveness in RER （renewable-energy resources） within a specific geographic area, and using some concepts of integrated energy-resource pla...The objective of this paper is the evaluation of business opportunities attractiveness in RER （renewable-energy resources） within a specific geographic area, and using some concepts of integrated energy-resource planning. The proposed methodology includes the main figures of economic merit evaluated to each resource assessed, the sensitivity analysis on cash flow, and recommendations of investments to each energy option assessed. A study case is applied within the northwest region of Sao Paulo State （Brazil） for those renewable-energy options. Five options of renewable-energy resources were chosen to be evaluated： three ERs （energy resources） from supply side （small hydro, wind farms and sugarcane bagasse） and two ERs from demand side （replacement of incandescent lighting by fluorescent and replacement of electric showers by central heating systems）. The conclusion is that, only two assessed ERs that have received investment grade were sugarcane biomass and fluorescent lamps replacing incandescent lamps. The rest have restriction due different reasons listed.展开更多
文摘The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the exploitation of non-renewable resources. In this work, the calorific value and chemical composition of liquors resulting from the autohydrolysis of six different lignocellulosic materials was determined （Eucalyptus globulus, Arundo donax, Leucaena diversifolia, Paulownia fortunei, Sunflower stalks and Chamaecytisus proliferus） and was assessed for the obtainment of energy, sugars and other chemical products by using of integral fractionation based on autohydrolysis. Autohydrolysis processes have been considered interesting in the case of timber species studied compared with herbaceous species with variations in the extraction of the xylan fraction at 180℃ between 19.68% for Eucalyptus globulus and 36.79% for Leucaena diversifolia and 200℃ between 57.86% for Paulawniafortunei and 79.13 % for Chamaecytisusproliferus. In general, all materials show a solid fraction ＂more energy＂ from the hydrolysis to 200℃ than 180℃ and raw materials. It is interesting as the potential economy valuation of the liquid fractions of the hydrolysis, the solid waste recovery present more energetic profitability.
文摘The objective of this paper is the evaluation of business opportunities attractiveness in RER （renewable-energy resources） within a specific geographic area, and using some concepts of integrated energy-resource planning. The proposed methodology includes the main figures of economic merit evaluated to each resource assessed, the sensitivity analysis on cash flow, and recommendations of investments to each energy option assessed. A study case is applied within the northwest region of Sao Paulo State （Brazil） for those renewable-energy options. Five options of renewable-energy resources were chosen to be evaluated： three ERs （energy resources） from supply side （small hydro, wind farms and sugarcane bagasse） and two ERs from demand side （replacement of incandescent lighting by fluorescent and replacement of electric showers by central heating systems）. The conclusion is that, only two assessed ERs that have received investment grade were sugarcane biomass and fluorescent lamps replacing incandescent lamps. The rest have restriction due different reasons listed.
