政府优先开放高价值数据集多维解析

在对开放数据运动探索与反思基础上,包括我国在内的不少国家提出优先开放高价值数据集。高价值数据集自产生以来经历了横向扩张与纵向深化的发展过程,并呈现出规制依据从政策向法律递进、优先开放策略取决于各国国情、指涉范围呈动态扩张趋势等演进特点。从本体论角度解析,可将高价值数据集作为复合型概念,定义为经政府和用户等利益攸关方共同参与识别、采用非专有开放共享格式、在经济社会等领域具有较高再利用价值的数据集合。从认识论角度解析,政府、用户等利益攸关方需要通过参与多轮对话来识别高价值数据集,对不同主体的价值分歧予以调适。从方法论角度解析,政府开放高价值数据集在开放内容、开放形式及开放程序方面均须符合特有要求。

高价值数据集开放与复用的内涵边界与实践进路分析

高价值数据集的开放共享对于促进数据流通、释放数据价值具有重要的示范引领作用。基于案例分析和比较分析,探讨了国内外高价值数据集开放共享的产生背景,揭示了其高增值性、高需求性、高质量性的属性特征,并从“高价值性”的内在主观性角度分析其范畴边界的不确定性,从其主体构成以及与开放数据关系维度阐明了高价值数据集开放共享边界的动态性。同时,围绕潜在数据集的识别、高价值数据集的发布与复用等关键流程逐一分析高价值数据集开放共享的标准规范,如目录清单、优先发布条件、数据质量标准与复用中的许可方式、定价收费原则等。在此基础上,梳理欧盟、美国、加拿大的高价值数据集开放共享经验,进而提出加强我国高价值数据集开放共享的对策建议。

司法人工智能中的价值判断

司法裁判不是“自动售货机”的根本缘由是,法官能够在司法案件中进行价值判断。价值判断本质上是人类基于特定价值偏好做出的决策,带有主观性。基于模拟大脑运作的机制、深度学习理论以及计算机对人类心理状态的阅读,人工智能能够处理价值问题,并通过属性特征、属性值以及最终形成特征向量的过程使得价值数据化,形成价值数据集。针对个案的不断测试,以及基于已有案件的不断数据整合,人工智能可以将法律价值设定成算法程式,不断通过决策树实现价值的选择。人工智能对价值判断的分析过程,本身就是智能技术的进步过程,也是司法人工智能不断发展和前进的阶梯所在。

UAV trajectory planning algorithmfor data collection in wireless sensor networks

In order to maximize the value of information(VoI)of collected data in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided wireless sensor networks(WSNs),a UAV trajectory planning algorithm named maximum VoI first and successive convex approximation(MVF-SCA)is proposed.First,the Rician channel model is adopted in the system and sensor nodes(SNs)are divided into key nodes and common nodes.Secondly,the data collection problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program(MINLP)problem.The problem is divided into two sub-problems according to the different types of SNs to seek a sub-optimal solution with a low complexity.Finally,the MVF-SCA algorithm for UAV trajectory planning is proposed,which can not only be used for daily data collection in the target area,but also collect time-sensitive abnormal data in time when the exception occurs.Simulation results show that,compared with the existing classic traveling salesman problem(TSP)algorithm and greedy path planning algorithm,the VoI collected by the proposed algorithm can be improved by about 15%to 30%.

Headedness in Yorǘhbá： An Examination of the Deviant Value of Determiner Phrase

The issue of ＂headedness＂ is a product of Chomsky＇s （1988） notion of UG （Universal Grammar） that led to the development of a framework known as P＆P （Principles and Parameters） theory. It is this theory we have adopted for our analysis in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to examine the inconsistency in the value of Head Parameter with reference to the value of DP （determiner phrase） in Yorfib^i. As a native speaker of Yorfib~, the author has adopted an introspective method of data collection and used the intuitive knowledge of other native speakers of the language for necessary clarifications. Despite the fact that English and Yorfib~ are both head-initial, the structure of the NPs （noun phrases） in English shows that the head noun is always pre-modified, making the NP ＂head-final＂--a violation of the value of Head Parameter in the language. This necessitated the need for Abney＇s （1987） DP hypothesis; in which the determiner heads its own phrase, thereby making a NP in English head-initial. This solves the problem of Head Parameter in English. However, since nouns in Yor/lb^i are post-modified, adopting ＂DP-analysis＂ will automatically produce head-final--a violation of the value of Head Parameter in the language. Given the inconsistency in the specification of head-complement order among the noun phrases in English and Yorfib~, this paper proposes to set a parameter for SVO （Subject-Verb-Object） languages with pre-modification （like English） to adopt ＂DP-analysis＂, and those with post-modification （like Yorfib^t） to adopt ＂NP-analysis＂. This will ensure ＂head-initial＂ value for the two categories of SVO languages

Research on the performance management of the special funds in provincial colleges and universities

This paper is a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the special performance of the managed fund in provincial universities, which has very important academic value and theoretical and practical significance for the effective and rational improvement of the utilization ratio of the special funds, the specification of the management the university capitals and the ceaseless development of the education reform. It also has very important academic value and theoretical practical significance for the improvement of the financial management levels, the introduction of the evaluation results of the special funds into the budget appropriation mechanism, the refinement of the budget planning of the special funds, the improvement of the scientificalness and accuracy of the budget planning oft he special fimds, and the further strengthening of the management of the expenditure and balance of the special funds of universities, and the formulation of the scientific and effective performance evaluation methods, and the formation of the theoretical platform of the performance management evaluation.

Comparative Analysis of EEG Signals Based on Complexity Measure

The aim of this study is to identify the functions and states of the brains according to the values of the complexity measure of the EEG signals. The EEG signals of 30 normal samples and 30 patient samples are collected. Based on the preprocessing for the raw data, a computational program for complexity measure is compiled and the complexity measures of all samples are calculated. The mean value and standard error of complexity measure of control group is as 0.33 and 0.10, and the normal group is as 0.53 and 0.08. When the confidence degree is 0.05, the confidence interval of the normal population mean of complexity measures for the control group is (0.2871,0.3652), and (0.4944,0.5552) for the normal group. The statistic results show that the normal samples and patient samples can be clearly distinguished by the value of measures. In clinical medicine, the results can be used to be a reference to evaluate the function or state, to diagnose disease, to monitor the rehabilitation progress of the brain.