physical education plays more and more important role in modern education, which can improve the students＇ physical fitness, it makes the students＇ comprehensive development, and it is indispensable in modern qualit...physical education plays more and more important role in modern education, which can improve the students＇ physical fitness, it makes the students＇ comprehensive development, and it is indispensable in modern quality education courses. Concept in education rules is a product of modern economic society for the field of education reform, and it has come into being a kind of teaching method which is to keep up with the trend of The Times development. Education rules is the inheritance of traditional teaching method, it is also a reaction to the social development and changes, in this paper, and we will start from the main content and the education significance of rules education, and combine the current situation of physical education in colleges, as to carry on the detailed narration that it＇ s about education rules during the curriculum development. Discussing the rules of education in physical education curriculum, it hopes to be able to improve the efficiency of physical education curriculum, improve the quality of physical education teaching, and play a positive role in promoting for the development of physical education.展开更多
Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offere...Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offered by the environment. It is within this scope that economic evaluation of environmental goods and services plays a role. In this paper we surveyed articles and studies that report application of economic environmental valuation procedures in PES schemes. Special attention was paid to data collection and analysis, to theoretical robustness of its procedures and to the aggregation of estimated value. We also scrutinize how these estimates had been incorporated into PES schemes, in particularly in the assessment phase of these schemes. Empirical data from Brazil and other Latin American countries were used, particularly those in the Amazon Basis. Our results reveal a frequent overestimation of the values of ecosystem services calculated through the use of economic valuation methods. Values have been estimated by production function methods （opportunity cost, preventive expenditures, recovering cost or dose-response methods）. As a consequence, estimated values reflect much more willingness to accept compensation by supplier and rarely willingness to pay by consumer of these ecosystem services. Besides this distance between supply and demand, application of valuation methods did not account for problems such as uncertainty, risks, and lack of information. All these limitations have led to wrong decision-making.展开更多
In this paper the concepts of the boundary value problem of abstract kinetic equation with the first kind of critical parameter γ 0 and generalized periodic boundary conditions are introduced in a Lebesgue space whic...In this paper the concepts of the boundary value problem of abstract kinetic equation with the first kind of critical parameter γ 0 and generalized periodic boundary conditions are introduced in a Lebesgue space which consists of functions with vector valued in a general Banach space, and then describe the solution of these abstract boundary value problem by the abstract linear integral operator of Volterra type. We call this process the integral operator solving process.展开更多
The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City i...The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model(SEM),this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism,and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions.The results show that:(1)The functional value,emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty;(2)Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value,emotional value,social value and tourist loyalty,and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty;and(3)Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty.Based on these findings,several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,including developing ice-snow family tourism products,building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics,constructing the ice-snow industrial system,and cultivating ice-snow culture.展开更多
The free boundary value problems for elliptic differential-operator equations are studied.Several conditions for the uniform maximal regularity with respect to boundary parameters and the Fredholmness in abstract L p-...The free boundary value problems for elliptic differential-operator equations are studied.Several conditions for the uniform maximal regularity with respect to boundary parameters and the Fredholmness in abstract L p-spaces are given.In application,the nonlocal free boundary problems for finite or infinite systems of elliptic and anisotropic type equations are studied.展开更多
The authors employ the recent stochastic-control-based approach to financial mathematicsto solve a problem of determination of the risk premium for a stochastic interest rate model,andthe corresponding problem of equi...The authors employ the recent stochastic-control-based approach to financial mathematicsto solve a problem of determination of the risk premium for a stochastic interest rate model,andthe corresponding problem of equity valuation.The risk premium is determined explicitly,by meansof solving a corresponding partial differential equation (PDE),in two forms:one,time-dependent,corresponding to a finite time contract expiration,and the simpler version corresponding to perpetualcontracts.As stocks are perpetual contracts,when solving the problem of equity valuation,the latterform of the risk premium is used.By means of solving the general pricing PDE,an efficient equityvaluation method was developed that is a combination of some sophisticated explicit formulas,and anumerical procedure.展开更多
The pricing and hedging problem of foreign currency option with higher borrowing rate is discussed.The method to obtain the price and hedging portfolio of currency option is based on backward stochastic differential e...The pricing and hedging problem of foreign currency option with higher borrowing rate is discussed.The method to obtain the price and hedging portfolio of currency option is based on backward stochastic differential equations(BSDE for short) theory and Malliavin calculus technique.The sensitivity of the model parameters is also considered and some numerical simulations are given to illustrate our conclusion.展开更多
文摘physical education plays more and more important role in modern education, which can improve the students＇ physical fitness, it makes the students＇ comprehensive development, and it is indispensable in modern quality education courses. Concept in education rules is a product of modern economic society for the field of education reform, and it has come into being a kind of teaching method which is to keep up with the trend of The Times development. Education rules is the inheritance of traditional teaching method, it is also a reaction to the social development and changes, in this paper, and we will start from the main content and the education significance of rules education, and combine the current situation of physical education in colleges, as to carry on the detailed narration that it＇ s about education rules during the curriculum development. Discussing the rules of education in physical education curriculum, it hopes to be able to improve the efficiency of physical education curriculum, improve the quality of physical education teaching, and play a positive role in promoting for the development of physical education.
文摘Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offered by the environment. It is within this scope that economic evaluation of environmental goods and services plays a role. In this paper we surveyed articles and studies that report application of economic environmental valuation procedures in PES schemes. Special attention was paid to data collection and analysis, to theoretical robustness of its procedures and to the aggregation of estimated value. We also scrutinize how these estimates had been incorporated into PES schemes, in particularly in the assessment phase of these schemes. Empirical data from Brazil and other Latin American countries were used, particularly those in the Amazon Basis. Our results reveal a frequent overestimation of the values of ecosystem services calculated through the use of economic valuation methods. Values have been estimated by production function methods （opportunity cost, preventive expenditures, recovering cost or dose-response methods）. As a consequence, estimated values reflect much more willingness to accept compensation by supplier and rarely willingness to pay by consumer of these ecosystem services. Besides this distance between supply and demand, application of valuation methods did not account for problems such as uncertainty, risks, and lack of information. All these limitations have led to wrong decision-making.
文摘In this paper the concepts of the boundary value problem of abstract kinetic equation with the first kind of critical parameter γ 0 and generalized periodic boundary conditions are introduced in a Lebesgue space which consists of functions with vector valued in a general Banach space, and then describe the solution of these abstract boundary value problem by the abstract linear integral operator of Volterra type. We call this process the integral operator solving process.
基金The National Social Science Foundation of China(20BJY199).
文摘The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model(SEM),this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism,and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions.The results show that:(1)The functional value,emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty;(2)Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value,emotional value,social value and tourist loyalty,and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty;and(3)Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty.Based on these findings,several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,including developing ice-snow family tourism products,building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics,constructing the ice-snow industrial system,and cultivating ice-snow culture.
文摘The free boundary value problems for elliptic differential-operator equations are studied.Several conditions for the uniform maximal regularity with respect to boundary parameters and the Fredholmness in abstract L p-spaces are given.In application,the nonlocal free boundary problems for finite or infinite systems of elliptic and anisotropic type equations are studied.
基金supported in part by the Center for Financial Engineering at the Suzhou University, Chinathe Taft Research Center at the University of Cincinnati, USA
文摘The authors employ the recent stochastic-control-based approach to financial mathematicsto solve a problem of determination of the risk premium for a stochastic interest rate model,andthe corresponding problem of equity valuation.The risk premium is determined explicitly,by meansof solving a corresponding partial differential equation (PDE),in two forms:one,time-dependent,corresponding to a finite time contract expiration,and the simpler version corresponding to perpetualcontracts.As stocks are perpetual contracts,when solving the problem of equity valuation,the latterform of the risk premium is used.By means of solving the general pricing PDE,an efficient equityvaluation method was developed that is a combination of some sophisticated explicit formulas,and anumerical procedure.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(11221061,61174092,11126214,11126208)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(11125102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010QS05)
文摘The pricing and hedging problem of foreign currency option with higher borrowing rate is discussed.The method to obtain the price and hedging portfolio of currency option is based on backward stochastic differential equations(BSDE for short) theory and Malliavin calculus technique.The sensitivity of the model parameters is also considered and some numerical simulations are given to illustrate our conclusion.
