We measured the target strength （TS） of three commercial fish species： whitespotted spinefoot （Siganus canaliculatus）, black porgy （Acanthopagrus schlegelii）, and creek red bream （Lutjanus argentimaculatus）, ...We measured the target strength （TS） of three commercial fish species： whitespotted spinefoot （Siganus canaliculatus）, black porgy （Acanthopagrus schlegelii）, and creek red bream （Lutjanus argentimaculatus）, in the South China Sea. The TS of caged or tethered fish （n=76 total） was measured using a Simrad EY60 portable scientific echosounder at 120 kHz. We evaluated the relationship between TS and total length （TL, cm） for the three species. This is the first attempt to use split-beam acoustics to measure single-fish TS in the South China Sea by Chinese researchers. Our results will improve the accuracy and precision of acoustic abundance estimates of commercially important species and fi.trther the development of underwater acoustic survey techniques in fisheries in the South China Sea.展开更多
The present paper investigates the pupal development times ofLucilia sericata which were studied in the laboratory at six different constant temperatures （20, 22, 24, 26, 28 ℃ each ± ℃）. Lower thresholds （tL...The present paper investigates the pupal development times ofLucilia sericata which were studied in the laboratory at six different constant temperatures （20, 22, 24, 26, 28 ℃ each ± ℃）. Lower thresholds （tL） for development were estimated from the linear regression of the developmental rates on each temperature. These data have made it possible to calculate the ADD （Accumulated Degree-Days） necessary for L. sericata to complete the larval stage and to achieve adult emergence. The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was found to be inversely related to temperature. Additionally, six landmarks in pupal development are showed and for each of the landmarks the ADD value was calculated for every rearing temperature involved. These data assist in calculating the duration of the pupal stage based on morphological characteristics and would be of great value for future forensic entomological casework.展开更多
While the true value of environmental goods may be captured in a one-off payment, it may be easier to add a smaler amount to a private good by means of donation and colect the total environmental value over time. For ...While the true value of environmental goods may be captured in a one-off payment, it may be easier to add a smaler amount to a private good by means of donation and colect the total environmental value over time. For that, however we need to ensure the smaller amount of a heritage conservation donation added to a private good is adequate so that we can ifnd retailers to participate in such fund-raising activities. We test the contingent valuation method’s criterion validity by comparing their stated purchasing behavior with their actual behavior. The price increase from the addition of the donation did not affect total sales of the commodity. Adding a donation to specialized private goods may be an effective way to colect landscape and agricultural heritage conservation do-nations. Furthermore, our ifndings suggest that funds can be colected without affecting commodity sales. This ap-proach is effective in other environmental protection activities.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA100303)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China (No.2007B020708001)+1 种基金the Special Funds for Operating Expenses of Basic Researches in the Central Nonprofit Scientific Research Institutes (Nos.2008TS01, 2007ZD03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 04001263)
文摘We measured the target strength （TS） of three commercial fish species： whitespotted spinefoot （Siganus canaliculatus）, black porgy （Acanthopagrus schlegelii）, and creek red bream （Lutjanus argentimaculatus）, in the South China Sea. The TS of caged or tethered fish （n=76 total） was measured using a Simrad EY60 portable scientific echosounder at 120 kHz. We evaluated the relationship between TS and total length （TL, cm） for the three species. This is the first attempt to use split-beam acoustics to measure single-fish TS in the South China Sea by Chinese researchers. Our results will improve the accuracy and precision of acoustic abundance estimates of commercially important species and fi.trther the development of underwater acoustic survey techniques in fisheries in the South China Sea.
文摘The present paper investigates the pupal development times ofLucilia sericata which were studied in the laboratory at six different constant temperatures （20, 22, 24, 26, 28 ℃ each ± ℃）. Lower thresholds （tL） for development were estimated from the linear regression of the developmental rates on each temperature. These data have made it possible to calculate the ADD （Accumulated Degree-Days） necessary for L. sericata to complete the larval stage and to achieve adult emergence. The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was found to be inversely related to temperature. Additionally, six landmarks in pupal development are showed and for each of the landmarks the ADD value was calculated for every rearing temperature involved. These data assist in calculating the duration of the pupal stage based on morphological characteristics and would be of great value for future forensic entomological casework.
基金the Association of River Improvement Fund and the JSPS grant B, for young researchers 2010-2013, both of whom provided financial support for this work
文摘While the true value of environmental goods may be captured in a one-off payment, it may be easier to add a smaler amount to a private good by means of donation and colect the total environmental value over time. For that, however we need to ensure the smaller amount of a heritage conservation donation added to a private good is adequate so that we can ifnd retailers to participate in such fund-raising activities. We test the contingent valuation method’s criterion validity by comparing their stated purchasing behavior with their actual behavior. The price increase from the addition of the donation did not affect total sales of the commodity. Adding a donation to specialized private goods may be an effective way to colect landscape and agricultural heritage conservation do-nations. Furthermore, our ifndings suggest that funds can be colected without affecting commodity sales. This ap-proach is effective in other environmental protection activities.
