针对产品需求价格函数随机扰动项呈离散分布的库存路径和定价问题(Inventory Routing and Pricing Problem,IRPP),利用随机扰动项的离散分布率和零售商库存服务水平要求,以供货商期望收益最大化为目标,构建IRPP优化模型,将禁忌搜索算法...针对产品需求价格函数随机扰动项呈离散分布的库存路径和定价问题(Inventory Routing and Pricing Problem,IRPP),利用随机扰动项的离散分布率和零售商库存服务水平要求,以供货商期望收益最大化为目标,构建IRPP优化模型,将禁忌搜索算法嵌入改进的粒子群算法中求解模型。3组不同规模的算例分析结果显示,在同样的零售商库存服务水平要求下,考虑需求价格函数随机扰动项与不考虑相比,供货商期望收益分别提高了3.1%、3.5%和3.8%。研究表明,产品需求价格函数随机扰动越剧烈,供货商的期望收益就会愈少,客户的产品价格弹性越高,供货商的期望收益就会愈大。研究结论可为供货商IRPP决策提供参考。展开更多
This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand func...This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand function.An attractive model is deduced.According to this attractive model,it is can be known that the attractive distance is related to the price difference of the theme commodities between TST destination and tourist origin place,the average expenditure of transport,the demand elasticity of price,the actual price of sightseeing spot,the critical price that a tourist will afford,the number of nights that a tourist stays on the TST destination and the price level of accommodation in the TST destination.The change mechanism of attractive distance of TST destinations is revealed in this paper,and implications on TST marketing are put forward.First,theme commodities should be luxuries.Second,lower price is the primary pulling factor of theme shopping tourism.Third,the route combining with sightseeing spots is beneficial to shopping tourism.At last,TST development is one way of rejuvenating the falling destinations.展开更多
Deterministic chaos refers to an irregular or chaotic motion that is generated by nonlinear systems. The chaotic behavior is not to quantum-mechanical-like uncertainty. Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and c...Deterministic chaos refers to an irregular or chaotic motion that is generated by nonlinear systems. The chaotic behavior is not to quantum-mechanical-like uncertainty. Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and chaotic fluctuations can indeed arise in completely deterministic models. Chaotic systems exhibit a sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Seemingly insignificant changes in the initial conditions produce large differences in outcomes. To maximize profit, the monopolist must first determine its costs and the characteristics of market demand. Given this knowledge, the monopoly firm must then decide how much to produce. The monopoly firm can determine price, and the quantity it will sell at that price follows from the market demand curve. The basic aim of this paper is to construct a relatively simple chaotic growth model of the monopoly price that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. A key hypothesis of this work is based on the idea that the coefficient,π=[m(a-1)(e-1)^-eb]plays a crucial role in explaining local stability of the monopoly price, where,b^the coefficient of the marginal cost function of the monopoly firm, m--the coefficient of the inverse demand function, e--the coefficient of the price elasticity of the monopoly demand, a--the coefficient.展开更多
文摘针对产品需求价格函数随机扰动项呈离散分布的库存路径和定价问题(Inventory Routing and Pricing Problem,IRPP),利用随机扰动项的离散分布率和零售商库存服务水平要求,以供货商期望收益最大化为目标,构建IRPP优化模型,将禁忌搜索算法嵌入改进的粒子群算法中求解模型。3组不同规模的算例分析结果显示,在同样的零售商库存服务水平要求下,考虑需求价格函数随机扰动项与不考虑相比,供货商期望收益分别提高了3.1%、3.5%和3.8%。研究表明,产品需求价格函数随机扰动越剧烈,供货商的期望收益就会愈少,客户的产品价格弹性越高,供货商的期望收益就会愈大。研究结论可为供货商IRPP决策提供参考。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40571059)
文摘This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand function.An attractive model is deduced.According to this attractive model,it is can be known that the attractive distance is related to the price difference of the theme commodities between TST destination and tourist origin place,the average expenditure of transport,the demand elasticity of price,the actual price of sightseeing spot,the critical price that a tourist will afford,the number of nights that a tourist stays on the TST destination and the price level of accommodation in the TST destination.The change mechanism of attractive distance of TST destinations is revealed in this paper,and implications on TST marketing are put forward.First,theme commodities should be luxuries.Second,lower price is the primary pulling factor of theme shopping tourism.Third,the route combining with sightseeing spots is beneficial to shopping tourism.At last,TST development is one way of rejuvenating the falling destinations.
文摘Deterministic chaos refers to an irregular or chaotic motion that is generated by nonlinear systems. The chaotic behavior is not to quantum-mechanical-like uncertainty. Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and chaotic fluctuations can indeed arise in completely deterministic models. Chaotic systems exhibit a sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Seemingly insignificant changes in the initial conditions produce large differences in outcomes. To maximize profit, the monopolist must first determine its costs and the characteristics of market demand. Given this knowledge, the monopoly firm must then decide how much to produce. The monopoly firm can determine price, and the quantity it will sell at that price follows from the market demand curve. The basic aim of this paper is to construct a relatively simple chaotic growth model of the monopoly price that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. A key hypothesis of this work is based on the idea that the coefficient,π=[m(a-1)(e-1)^-eb]plays a crucial role in explaining local stability of the monopoly price, where,b^the coefficient of the marginal cost function of the monopoly firm, m--the coefficient of the inverse demand function, e--the coefficient of the price elasticity of the monopoly demand, a--the coefficient.