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我国“Bolar例外规则”的学理解构与制度重建 被引量:7
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作者 宁立志 《政法论丛》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第2期46-56,共11页
我国"Bolar例外规则"规定于《专利法》第69条第(5)项,系为维护公共健康而对医药专利权所作的限制,通过对该条文的解读发现,其在制度构架和价值选择上有重新构建之必要。医药专利牵涉多方主体之利益,需要我们坚持公共利益优位... 我国"Bolar例外规则"规定于《专利法》第69条第(5)项,系为维护公共健康而对医药专利权所作的限制,通过对该条文的解读发现,其在制度构架和价值选择上有重新构建之必要。医药专利牵涉多方主体之利益,需要我们坚持公共利益优位原则,合理区分正当仿制行为与医药专利侵权行为的界限,从仿制行为的主观意图、客观行为和举证责任等方面进行综合权衡和考量。具体而言,可引入"客观衡量标准"基础上的合理注意义务来认定"行政审批目的"与"生产经营目的"的主观意图,同时需对特定环节的仿制行为之法律性质加以明确化,并优化侵权抗辩举证责任的分配规则。从我国移植"Bolar例外规则"的立法初衷来讲,对医药专利权加以必要限制有助于缓解国内公共健康危机,保障公众对药品的可及性。 展开更多
关键词 “Bolar例外规则” 专利权限制 医药专利 仿制行为 公共健康
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Bolar例外规则的源起、移植与创制
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作者 刘庆 《杭州电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)》 2021年第6期65-71,共7页
Bolar例外规则起源于美国,经过Medtronic案等一系列案例的发展,在适用范围和行为认定等方面都有所扩展。Bolar例外规则与专利链接制度、专利期补偿制度、仿制药简化申请程序制度、首仿药市场独占期制度共同促进美国的医药市场发展,使其... Bolar例外规则起源于美国,经过Medtronic案等一系列案例的发展,在适用范围和行为认定等方面都有所扩展。Bolar例外规则与专利链接制度、专利期补偿制度、仿制药简化申请程序制度、首仿药市场独占期制度共同促进美国的医药市场发展,使其成为全球最大的药品市场,也为新兴药品市场提供了良好的学习样板。Bolar例外规则规定在我国《专利法》69条第1款第5项。若想获得与美国的Bolar例外规则相同的效果,我国应将与Bolar例外规则相配套的专利链接制度、试验数据保护制度、专利补偿期制度移植并进行本土化改造,在法律规范中明确其适用范围,构建完整的专利挑战制度。 展开更多
关键词 Bolar例外规则 专利权限制 医药专利 仿制行为 公共健康
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伪造金融票证行为之我见
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作者 王磊 《人民检察》 北大核心 2003年第8期36-36,共1页
伪造金融票证,是指伪造汇票、本票、支票或委托收款凭证、汇款凭证、银行存单等其他银行结算凭证的,或者伪造信用证或者附随的单据、文件或者伪造信用卡的行为.
关键词 伪造金融票证行为 非法填制票据行为 非法仿制行为 票据伪造行为
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Imitation and Transgression: Ge Fei's Creative Use of Jorge Luis Borges's Narrative Labyrinth
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作者 Qingxin Lin 《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 2015年第4期649-669,共21页
This paper attempts to trace the influence of Jorge Luis Borges on Ge Fei. It shows that Ge Fei's stories share Borges's narrative form though they do not have the same philosophical premises as Borges's to support... This paper attempts to trace the influence of Jorge Luis Borges on Ge Fei. It shows that Ge Fei's stories share Borges's narrative form though they do not have the same philosophical premises as Borges's to support them. What underlies Borges's narrative complexity is his notion of the inaccessibility of reality or divinity and his understanding of the human intellectual history as epistemological metaphors. While Borges's creation of narrative gap coincides with his intention of demonstrating the impossibility of the pursuit of knowledge and order, Ge Fei borrows this narrative technique from Borges to facilitate the inclusion of multiple motives and subject matters in one single story, which denotes various possible directions in which history, as well as story, may go. Borges prefers the Jungian concept of archetypal human actions and deeds, whereas Ge Fei tends to use the Freudian psychoanalysis to explore the laws governing human behaviors. But there is a perceivable connection between Ge Fei's rejection of linear history and traditional storyline with Borges' explication of epistemological uncertainty, hence the former's tremendous debt to the latter. Both writers have found the conventional narrative mode, which emphasizes the telling of a coherent story having a beginning, a middle, and an end, inadequate to convey their respective ideational intents. 展开更多
关键词 Ge Fei - Jorge Luis Borges . Narrative gap . Narrative labyrinthFreudian psychoanalysis . Jungian archetypes
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