中间品贸易自由化与企业劳动配置效率——基于地区劳动力市场视角

劳动力作为重要的生产要素,其配置效率对于支撑企业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文从地区劳动力市场视角出发,利用1998~2013年中国工业企业数据和关税数据,通过构建地区层面的中间品关税指标和企业层面的劳动错配指标,实证检验了中间品贸易自由化对中国制造业企业劳动配置效率的影响。研究发现:中间品贸易自由化对中国制造业企业的劳动配置效率具有优化作用,在考虑了潜在的内生性问题后,这一结论依然成立。机制检验的结果显示,中间品贸易自由化主要通过厚劳动市场效应和技术创新效应影响企业劳动配置效率。异质性研究表明,中间品贸易自由化对劳动配置不足的企业、民营企业、劳动密集型企业以及沿海地区企业的劳动配置效率具有更明显的提升作用。进一步研究表明,中间品贸易自由化对不同技能劳动力的流入均起到了拉动作用,并且对高技能劳动力的吸引力更强,这进一步验证了本文影响机制的有效性。

Research on Labor Reallocation Efficiency of State-owned Industries

This article,which is based on panel data of Chinese state-owned industrial enterprises over the period 2006-2011,analyzes Labor reallocation Efficiency of State-Owned Enterprises with Syrquin＇s analysis of the total Reallocation effect of Resources. The results show that：①Labor allocation efficiency keeps a high level all the time;②The contribution that labor Reallocation efficiency makes to the growth of labor productivity has been at a low rate. Therefore, our government had better deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and the evolvement of marketization