国内外企业竞争力理论研究现状分析

对目前国内外企业竞争力理论渊源进行了区分,在此基础上对目前国内外企业竞争力的理论研究进行了较系统的回顾与分析,指出了目前国内外企业竞争力理论研究存在的问题和今后努力的方向。

管理就是沟通

沟通是一门艺术。有效的管理者必是沟通的能手。没有沟通,任伺事情都做不好,企业管理者尤其如此。谈及管理,人们自然会联想到命令和控制,也有人说是运用计划、控制。

Current Status and Development Strategies of Chinese Cosmetic Industry

Current status and existing problems in the Chinese cosmetic industry areanalyzed from the aspects of industry scale, technology and management level, R&D investment andhuman resources. Strategies to promote the industry are also put forward, such as increasing entrybarrier to optimize industry structure, tightening regulatory controls to improve quality assurance,fostering innovation and actively exploring modes of collaboration, and training more technical andmanaging professionals.

Impact of Sophisticated Stationary Forecast Techniques on the Bullwhip Effect in a Supply Chain

The bullwhip effect in a multistage supply chain was analyzed using sophisticated stationary forecasts (third order moving average and third order exponential smoothing forecasts). The third order exponential smoothing and third order moving average forecasts sometimes have a variance reducing effect on the supply chain.In a supply chain with positively correlated or independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) demands, the order variance based on simple moving average forecast (or simple exponential smoothing forecast) is larger than the order variance based on second order moving average forecast (or second order exponential smoothing forecast),and the order variance based on second order moving average forecast( or second order exponential smoothing forecast) is larger than the order variance based on third order moving average forecast( or third order exponential smoothing forecast). In addition, for i.i.d demands, third order exponential smoothing forecast leads to a larger variation than third order moving average forecast.

Informationization of coal enterprises and digital mine

Analyzed the main problems which were found in current conditions and prob- lems of informationization in coal enterprises.It clarified how to achieve informationization in coal mine and put forward a general configuration of informationization construction in which informationization in coal enterprises was divided into two parts: informationization of safety production and informationization of management.Planned a platform of inte- grated management of informationization in coal enterprises.Ultimately,it has brought forward that an overall integrated digital mine is the way to achieve the goal of informa- tionization in coal enterprises,which can promote the application of automation,digitaliza- tion,networking,informaitionization to intellectualization.At the same time,the competi- tiveness of enterprises can be improved entirely,and new type of coal industry can be supported by information technology.

The analysis of capital structure of Chinese real estate listed companies

Capital structure is the basis for assessing the efficiency of enterprise financing activity. The rational capital structure could reduce the cost of capital and plays an important role in managing a company. Thus this paper, based on the real estate listed companies on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets, analyzes the factors which influence capital structure, such as profitability, size, collateral value of assets, growth, stockholder’s equity, concentration degree of control power, ownership attribute, and applied statistics tools used to help the real estate listed companies optimize the structure of capital.

Multi-strategies in Case Based Design Knowledge Management on Web

Design knowledge management is very important toimprove the design process performance. The casebased design (CBD) is a methodology to followmankind's problem solving strategy, one of its aims isto realize the design knowledge reuse. This methodhas been used in many fields, but there are still somedifficulties that hindered its application. The first isabout the difficulty in the formalization of a designcase, especially representation of some experiencesthat was the weakness in former researches. The second is about the bottleneck of knowledge-acqulsition that results in lacking enough knowledge in the modification process.which may lead to unreliable results when automatic inference is applied.We proposed that modification should be done not by machines but by designers while the inference results can be used as a suggestion to designers.In this manner we integrated both case.based and rule-based methodologies together.The third difficulty relates to case evolution and customization.former CBD systems suffered from this problem.We proposed an agile case-template technique that overcomes the problem perfectly.To make users be able to define their own similarity rules we allow users to choose different parameter weights and fuzzy subjection functions of numeric parameters.The approach of this paper has been applied to an enterprise and the system is built on the Web.

Corporate governance mechanisms and firm valuation in Malaysian listed firms： A panel data analysis

Corporate governance mechanisms emerge to tackle agency problems in ensuring that shareholders＇ funds are not expropriated or wasted on unprofitable activities. The issue arises as to whether these improvements have been effective in reducing agency costs, and therefore enhancing firm value. The objectives of this paper is to examine the effects of governance mechanisms of dividend, types of ownership structure, and board governance on firm value. This paper utilises a panel data analysis of 403 firms listed on the Bursa Malaysia over a four-year period from years 2002 to 2005. A hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses and the data is analysed using the generalized least square （GLS） estimation technique. Overall, the results highlight the importance of moderating role played by board governance variables with types of ownership structure to influence firm value. However, the benefits of better corporate governance through enhanced board governance are not the same across all firms since their incentives vary with respect to dividend and different types of ownership structure mechanisms.

TOCO total assessment tool for decision-making on IP supplier selection

According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic decision-making level. In this paper, a new quantitative method is put forward to accomplish the task of total assessment on the Microeconomic level which analyses all of the quantitative and qualitative factors with regard to the supplier selection. A Microsoft Excel based new application kit named TOCO Total Assessment Tool is introduced. It can calculate the direct cost and the indirect cost conveniently and can help to evaluate the performance of candidate suppliers. To use the tool, the first module called Total Cost Analysis Module is introduced to calculate the total cost of supplier selection, and then the second module named Supplier Evaluation Module is used to evaluate the performance of each supplier. Finally, the results from these two modules are transferred to the Final Comparison Module to get the final decision-making results. In this paper, the supplier selection related factors are discussed; the method of using the tool is illustrated in detail. It is shown that scientific usage of the TOCO Total Assessment Tool can make the decision-making processes of supplier selection in international procurement transparent, easily calculated, and objective. At the end, a practical case is given to clarify the procedure of using the tool.

AN ELEMENTARY ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN APPLICATION OF SPACE METHOD IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES

Although it is still a new and developing subject, strategic management of enterprises, the importance of which will be understood by more and more enterprises as the reform and development is deepened, will surely be applied finally. This paper expounds how to apply the Delphi method to determine the essential elements in management and to evaluate enterprises in strategic position and action evaluation (SPACE) method of strategic management of enterprises. Meanwhile, its determination and evaluation are so realistic that they describe the strategic positions at which enterprises may be in the present competitive environment, and they establish a basis for enterprises to correctly choose their strategies of development.

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy -- A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enter- prises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about construct- ing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. So that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.

Do Small Family Firms Outperform Non-family Firms？ A Research Agenda Based on Agency and Stewardship Theories＊

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors reviewed the literature on family business. Drawing from agency theory and stewardship theory, the authors also proposed a research model that highlights the links among the variables. In so doing, this paper makes some contributions to the literature in three ways. Firstly, it takes an integrative framework that may help to explain behaviors oriented towards maximizing potential performance within a context in which pro-organizational attitudes co-exist with self-serving motivations. Secondly, it advances the understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in small family businesses, and finally, it deepens the discussion of prior research by advancing a set of propositions based on two theoretical approaches. Thus, the authors believe that a systematic comparison of different contexts provides new insights into small family business governance. The implications and directions for future research are in the last section.

Design-Manufacture Interface Relationship Management in Supply Chain

As firms come under greater market pressure, the management of the inter-functional design/manufacture relationship becomes a more important competitive variable. The characteristics of the design-manufacture interface were analyzed, and several methods of the design-manufacture interface relationship management were compared. Based on theories concerned and enterprise practice, how to manage the relationship of design-manufacture interface to reduce the product cost and shorten the time-to-market was demonstrated, finally the competitive advantage was improved.

Developing continuing education is the need of cultivating high-quality technical personnel of enterprises

Based on the needs of personnel training in the sustainable development of enterprises, this paper has researched that cultivating high-quality technical personnel of enterprises is the requirements of the sustainable development of enterprises. Universities in the continuing educational process should establish the basic principles of cultivating high-quality technical personnel of enterprises, and developing continuing education in universities and actively exploring the training mode of high-quality technical personnel of enterprises are proposed.

Tasks and Priorities for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of China’s State Sector of Economy

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.

Corporate governance mechanisms and performance： Analysis of Malaysian family and non-family controlled companies

Most study concentrating on family and non-family companies is conducted overseas with little research carried out in Malaysia. This study examined the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. The sample size of this study is 730 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2003 to 2007. The findings reveal that corporate governance mechanisms influence the family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. But not all corporate governance mechanisms are significant. The significant variables differ between family and non-family controlled companies. Thus, regulators need to be vigilant that family and non-family controlled companies practise differently and to set different code needed for each type of families.

Does the reputation matter？ Corporate reputation and earnings quality

Good corporate reputations are critical not only because of the potential for value creation, but also because their intangible character makes replication by competing firms considerably more difficult. This paper tests the relationship between the reputation and the earnings quality. Through a partial correlation test and a regression test, I do find the evidence that the reputation is not only positively correlated with superior earnings quality, but also does have positive effect on superior earnings quality, as well as the superior total sales do in Chinese public companies.

Missing quarterly earnings benchmarks, CEO cash compensation and institutional ownership

Research suggests that transient institutions, i.e., institutions with short-term investment horizon,make management focus on short-term earnings goals. This study examines incentive in terms of CEO cash compensation that explains why management concentrates on short-term earnings results when transient institutions hold high levels of ownership. Using quarterly consensus analysts＇ expectations as a proxy for short-term earnings benchmarks, the author finds that CEO cash compensation and the frequency with which management misses quarterly earnings benchmarks in a year （MISSNUMt） are more strongly negatively associated in firms with high transient institutional ownership than in firms with low transient institutional ownership, suggesting that transient institutions strengthen the inverse relation between CEO cash pay and missing short-term earnings benchmarks and hence increase pressure on management in terms of cash pay for short-term results. Moreover, the author shows that change in CEO cash compensation is positively associated with change in transient institutional ownership, consistent with the idea that selling shares by transient institutions influences the boards of portfolio firms in CEO cash compensation decision. This study contributes to the governance literature and is relevant to business managers by providing additional evidence that transient institutions provide less patient capital and may not benefit long-run firm value creation.

Original research on connotation of the fine cost management

Fine cost management is a systematic, refined, and dynamic management method. This paper provides us the background and meanings of fine cost management, it defines and analyzes the connotation of fine cost management in detail.

Closed-loop prevention and control research of coal mine safety management

According to the current problems of safety management processes in coalmine enterprises,we introduced barrel theory to coal mine safety management,constructedthe closed-loop structure of a coal mine safety management system,andpointed out that efficient safety management lies in three factors:safety quality of all ofthe staff in coal mine enterprises,weak links in security management systems,and cooperationamong departments.After conducting detailed analysis of these three factors,we proposed concrete ways of preventing and controlling potential safety hazards duringthe process of coal mine production.