Giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) is an under-utilized species due to its high tendency to autolysis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from this...Giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) is an under-utilized species due to its high tendency to autolysis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from this species.The degree of hydrolysis (DH),amino acid composition,SDS-PAGE,emulsion activity index (EAI),emulsion stability index (ESI),foam expansion (FE),and foam stability (FS) of hydrolysates were investigated.The effects of pH on the EAI,ESI FE and FS of hydrolysates were also inves-tigated.The results indicated that the β and α1 chains of the collagen were effectively hydrolyzed by trypsin at 50℃ with an En-zyme/Substrate (E/S) ration of 1:20 (w:w).The DH of collagen was up to 17.3% after 3 h hydrolysis with trypsin.The hydrolysates had a molecular weight distribution of 1.1 17 kDa,and were abundant in glycine (Gly),proline (Pro),glutamic acid (Glu),alanine (Ala) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues.The hydrolysates were fractionated into three fractions (< 3 kDa,3 10 kDa,and > 10 kDa),and the fraction of 3 10 kDa exhibited a higher EAI value than the fraction of > 10 kDa (P<0.05).The fraction of > 10 kDa had higher FE and FS values than other fractions (P<0.05).The pH had an important effect on the EAI,ESI,FE and FS.All the fractions showed undesirable emulsion and forming properties at pH 4.0.Under pH 7.0 and pH 10.0,the 3 10 kDa fraction showed higher EAI value and the fraction of > 10 kDa showed higher FE value,respectively.They are hoped to be utilized as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical industries.展开更多
financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of sm...financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises has a lot of problems. This paper analyzes the small and medium-sized enterprise financial management problems, and puts forward the optimize the financial management. and suggestions to展开更多
financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of sm...financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises has a lot of problems. This paper analyzes the small and medium-sized enterprise financial management problems, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the financial management.展开更多
Sustainable development is the basis of survival. The SMEs as an important part of our national economy, plays the role of increasing national income, expanding employment, stabilizing social situation. Under the new ...Sustainable development is the basis of survival. The SMEs as an important part of our national economy, plays the role of increasing national income, expanding employment, stabilizing social situation. Under the new situation, it needs to change the status quo of financial management, financial management to achieve sustainable development of SMEs. This paper is combined with the financial management of the significance of sustainable development as well as financial management problems in the SME financial management strategy.展开更多
Six Sigma was introduced as a quality management tool at Motorola in the 1980s. Since then, leading U.S. companies have gained significant financial and non-financial benefits/results from the implementation of Six Si...Six Sigma was introduced as a quality management tool at Motorola in the 1980s. Since then, leading U.S. companies have gained significant financial and non-financial benefits/results from the implementation of Six Sigma projects. Despite Six Sigma popularity, some companies have failed to gain quantifiable net financial benefits/results from Six Sigma implementation. In the process of Six Sigma implementation, vital components are critical factors and key ingredients for the success of Six Sigma projects because if these vital components do not exist, Six Sigma projects have little chance of success. Thus, this paper identifies most influencing and least influencing vital components. The results are generated from a survey conducted in U.S. Fortune 500 companies employing descriptive statistics. Based on the data analysis, ＂leadership commitment to Six Sigma＂ was the most influencing vital component and ＂overall, training on Six Sigma to reduce employee turnover＂ was the least influencing vital component.展开更多
In the economic structure of our country, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are the most important part of the backbone, with the continuous popularization of the Internet, e-commerce has gradually become a ...In the economic structure of our country, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are the most important part of the backbone, with the continuous popularization of the Internet, e-commerce has gradually become a business model that the current small and medium enterprises must face and accept, The development of enterprises is of great signifi cance. In this context, the article first introduced the importance of the development of e-commerce SMEs, and then based on the actual operation of the community put forward and analyzed the current e-commerce development under the existing problems, and finally based on the actual lack of effective Development Strategy of E - commerce for Small and Medium - sized Enterprises.展开更多
Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Alth...Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.展开更多
Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the popul...Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the population, thus, they are vital for the economy of Hong Kong. This research looks into and studies this phenomenon to evaluate the various components of the success of these entrepreneurs and to draw conclusions that will benefit the educators, the legislators as well as the new entrants who wish to become entrepreneurs. By interviewing Hong Kong entrepreneurs, it has been found that the main source of entrepreneurial success in Hong Kong is of very complex origin. The Hong Kong＇s entrepreneurs seem to succeed, when they are able to blend the best qualities of the East and the West. Based on the research outcomes, the perceptions, achievements, strategies, and traits （PAST） model has been developed to assist Hong Kong entrepreneurs in the future.展开更多
China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the exi...China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.展开更多
After the reform and opening up in China, the development of township enterprises is growing very fast. Tt has made outstanding contributions to China＇s development, and has become an important part of China＇ s econ...After the reform and opening up in China, the development of township enterprises is growing very fast. Tt has made outstanding contributions to China＇s development, and has become an important part of China＇ s economy. However, with the new economy＇s coming, the exterior and interior environment of human resource managementhas been changed greatly and the old human resource management system of township enterprises has restrictedtheir development. Based on the analysis on the problems existing in the human resource management of townshipenterprises, the paper advances a series of countermeasuresto elevate the level of the human resource management of township enterprises, to enhance their competence.展开更多
As part of business translation, web page translation is an effective way of global communication. Accurate and adequate translation of web pages can enhance the enterprises＇ competitiveness. This paper focuses on th...As part of business translation, web page translation is an effective way of global communication. Accurate and adequate translation of web pages can enhance the enterprises＇ competitiveness. This paper focuses on the features of Chinese and Western web pages of garment enterprises and the translation strategy with the guidance of mass communication theory. Results illustrate that Chinese texts favor symmetrical phrases rich in cultural connotation, whereas English texts prefer plain language with fewer culture-loaded expressions and the latter focuses more on the feeling of audiences. As a result, audience-oriented translation strategy is strongly recommended so as to maximize the communication effect of the enterprise web pages展开更多
Economic globalization is the core of information technology, information technology is the core of e-commerce. E-commerce is as an important part of inlbrnaation technology in recent years when China has been booming...Economic globalization is the core of information technology, information technology is the core of e-commerce. E-commerce is as an important part of inlbrnaation technology in recent years when China has been booming. For a large number of SMEs, human resources, capital, technology and information are in a relatively weak position, in addition, in recent years, changes in the external environment in which small and medium enterprises are also reflected in： international trade friction increase, RMB such as the increasing appreciation of the exchange rate increase, it raises the cost of export products. Under the new situation, how to find space for development, how to implement e-commerce strategy, clutches the huge growth opportunities given the times, to keep pace with the times, in an invincible position in the competitive market environment, many small and medium enterprises become China＇ s urgent problems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006BAD30B01)the Research Award Fund for Excellent Young Scientist of Shandong Province,China (Grant No.BS2009HZ005)
文摘Giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) is an under-utilized species due to its high tendency to autolysis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from this species.The degree of hydrolysis (DH),amino acid composition,SDS-PAGE,emulsion activity index (EAI),emulsion stability index (ESI),foam expansion (FE),and foam stability (FS) of hydrolysates were investigated.The effects of pH on the EAI,ESI FE and FS of hydrolysates were also inves-tigated.The results indicated that the β and α1 chains of the collagen were effectively hydrolyzed by trypsin at 50℃ with an En-zyme/Substrate (E/S) ration of 1:20 (w:w).The DH of collagen was up to 17.3% after 3 h hydrolysis with trypsin.The hydrolysates had a molecular weight distribution of 1.1 17 kDa,and were abundant in glycine (Gly),proline (Pro),glutamic acid (Glu),alanine (Ala) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues.The hydrolysates were fractionated into three fractions (< 3 kDa,3 10 kDa,and > 10 kDa),and the fraction of 3 10 kDa exhibited a higher EAI value than the fraction of > 10 kDa (P<0.05).The fraction of > 10 kDa had higher FE and FS values than other fractions (P<0.05).The pH had an important effect on the EAI,ESI,FE and FS.All the fractions showed undesirable emulsion and forming properties at pH 4.0.Under pH 7.0 and pH 10.0,the 3 10 kDa fraction showed higher EAI value and the fraction of > 10 kDa showed higher FE value,respectively.They are hoped to be utilized as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical industries.
文摘financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises has a lot of problems. This paper analyzes the small and medium-sized enterprise financial management problems, and puts forward the optimize the financial management. and suggestions to
文摘financial management is an important part of enterprise management, plays a vital role in production, management, development of enterprises. However, the current financial management in our country the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises has a lot of problems. This paper analyzes the small and medium-sized enterprise financial management problems, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the financial management.
文摘Sustainable development is the basis of survival. The SMEs as an important part of our national economy, plays the role of increasing national income, expanding employment, stabilizing social situation. Under the new situation, it needs to change the status quo of financial management, financial management to achieve sustainable development of SMEs. This paper is combined with the financial management of the significance of sustainable development as well as financial management problems in the SME financial management strategy.
文摘Six Sigma was introduced as a quality management tool at Motorola in the 1980s. Since then, leading U.S. companies have gained significant financial and non-financial benefits/results from the implementation of Six Sigma projects. Despite Six Sigma popularity, some companies have failed to gain quantifiable net financial benefits/results from Six Sigma implementation. In the process of Six Sigma implementation, vital components are critical factors and key ingredients for the success of Six Sigma projects because if these vital components do not exist, Six Sigma projects have little chance of success. Thus, this paper identifies most influencing and least influencing vital components. The results are generated from a survey conducted in U.S. Fortune 500 companies employing descriptive statistics. Based on the data analysis, ＂leadership commitment to Six Sigma＂ was the most influencing vital component and ＂overall, training on Six Sigma to reduce employee turnover＂ was the least influencing vital component.
文摘In the economic structure of our country, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are the most important part of the backbone, with the continuous popularization of the Internet, e-commerce has gradually become a business model that the current small and medium enterprises must face and accept, The development of enterprises is of great signifi cance. In this context, the article first introduced the importance of the development of e-commerce SMEs, and then based on the actual operation of the community put forward and analyzed the current e-commerce development under the existing problems, and finally based on the actual lack of effective Development Strategy of E - commerce for Small and Medium - sized Enterprises.
文摘Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.
文摘Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the population, thus, they are vital for the economy of Hong Kong. This research looks into and studies this phenomenon to evaluate the various components of the success of these entrepreneurs and to draw conclusions that will benefit the educators, the legislators as well as the new entrants who wish to become entrepreneurs. By interviewing Hong Kong entrepreneurs, it has been found that the main source of entrepreneurial success in Hong Kong is of very complex origin. The Hong Kong＇s entrepreneurs seem to succeed, when they are able to blend the best qualities of the East and the West. Based on the research outcomes, the perceptions, achievements, strategies, and traits （PAST） model has been developed to assist Hong Kong entrepreneurs in the future.
文摘China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.
文摘After the reform and opening up in China, the development of township enterprises is growing very fast. Tt has made outstanding contributions to China＇s development, and has become an important part of China＇ s economy. However, with the new economy＇s coming, the exterior and interior environment of human resource managementhas been changed greatly and the old human resource management system of township enterprises has restrictedtheir development. Based on the analysis on the problems existing in the human resource management of townshipenterprises, the paper advances a series of countermeasuresto elevate the level of the human resource management of township enterprises, to enhance their competence.
文摘As part of business translation, web page translation is an effective way of global communication. Accurate and adequate translation of web pages can enhance the enterprises＇ competitiveness. This paper focuses on the features of Chinese and Western web pages of garment enterprises and the translation strategy with the guidance of mass communication theory. Results illustrate that Chinese texts favor symmetrical phrases rich in cultural connotation, whereas English texts prefer plain language with fewer culture-loaded expressions and the latter focuses more on the feeling of audiences. As a result, audience-oriented translation strategy is strongly recommended so as to maximize the communication effect of the enterprise web pages
文摘Economic globalization is the core of information technology, information technology is the core of e-commerce. E-commerce is as an important part of inlbrnaation technology in recent years when China has been booming. For a large number of SMEs, human resources, capital, technology and information are in a relatively weak position, in addition, in recent years, changes in the external environment in which small and medium enterprises are also reflected in： international trade friction increase, RMB such as the increasing appreciation of the exchange rate increase, it raises the cost of export products. Under the new situation, how to find space for development, how to implement e-commerce strategy, clutches the huge growth opportunities given the times, to keep pace with the times, in an invincible position in the competitive market environment, many small and medium enterprises become China＇ s urgent problems.
