Agricultural sector is one of the economic sectors that always had a considerable impact on the country＇s export. The garden between products and facilities due to capacity and the relative advantage in the productio...Agricultural sector is one of the economic sectors that always had a considerable impact on the country＇s export. The garden between products and facilities due to capacity and the relative advantage in the production always plays an important role in the non-oil export. The aim of these studies of economic issues, is to analyze the major marketing dried fruit （pistachio, almond rock, walnuts, and walnut） in Fars province. In this study, information and statistics needed were collected through interviews with experts and Agriculture Organization of Fats province. For this purpose the method used in this study is commonly used in economic texts and retail margins and wholesale agents and share marketing costs with the market ratio. The results of this study indicate that factor market costs for pistachio, almonds, walnuts and Mghzgrdv are 30.340, 21.167, 16.794 and 17.061.展开更多
Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as ...Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as a transport fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline called ＂gasohol＂. In this study the possibility of using ethanol as a gasoline additive from economic, environmental and agricultural point of view in Iran is investigated. Daily gasoline consumption of Iran is about 66 million liters and 340 of this amount is imported. We consider the production of sugarcane-derived ethanol to displace 15% of gasoline use in lran. With existing technology, 450,000 hectares of land, 21 standard distillery and US $3,600 million investment will be required to produce this amount of ethanol. This is just about 60% of the money that currently Iran expends annually for importing about 5.8 million tones of gasoline.展开更多
Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical lo...Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical losses on various parts of safflower plants. They are safflower Budfly and capsulfly （Acanthiophilus helianthi）, aphid （Uroleucon carthami）, green leafhopper （Empoasca decipiens）, ground bug （Oxycarneus pallens）, grampod borer and capsule borer or bordered straw （Heliothis （and or Heliocaverpa） peltigera）, red spider mite and two spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urtica）, beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua）, scarab beetle （Tropinota （and or Epicometis） hirta）, Egyptian cotton leaf （Spodoptera littoralis）, cotton boll worm （Heliothi absouleta） and so on. The other reported safflower insect pests from other countries are wireworms （Limonius spp.）, lygus bugs （Lygus hesperus）, flower thrips （Eastern or Western） or onion thrips （Thrips tabaci）, and seed corn maggots （Delia platura）, sunflower moths （Helianthus annuus） and Caterpillar （Perigaea capensis） are the serious pests of this crop. The other reports showed that some stored-product insects are capable of establishing infestations in safflower seeds and seed meal under suitable conditions. Only Lasiaderma serricorne, Stegobium penliceum, and the four species of Trogodema were to be as the infectious pests. Safflower is also attractive to several beneficial insects, including lady beetles and lacewings that may provide insect control in surrounding fields.展开更多
Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some...Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some students learn a language, even their own mother tongue earlier but some others may need to spend more time acquiring a language. Seeking out for the probable reasons for such a difference, the current study following the constructivist approach to language learning and bearing in mind the role of society and human communities in language learning, was concluded to investigate the probable impact（s） of some social variables （social status, attitudinal and motivational status of learners） on language learning outcomes of Iranian adult learners assessed through a standardized English proficiency test. The findings have revealed that the social milieu in which learners live may play a decisive role as far as learning opportunities, input and resources are concerned.展开更多
文摘Agricultural sector is one of the economic sectors that always had a considerable impact on the country＇s export. The garden between products and facilities due to capacity and the relative advantage in the production always plays an important role in the non-oil export. The aim of these studies of economic issues, is to analyze the major marketing dried fruit （pistachio, almond rock, walnuts, and walnut） in Fars province. In this study, information and statistics needed were collected through interviews with experts and Agriculture Organization of Fats province. For this purpose the method used in this study is commonly used in economic texts and retail margins and wholesale agents and share marketing costs with the market ratio. The results of this study indicate that factor market costs for pistachio, almonds, walnuts and Mghzgrdv are 30.340, 21.167, 16.794 and 17.061.
文摘Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as a transport fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline called ＂gasohol＂. In this study the possibility of using ethanol as a gasoline additive from economic, environmental and agricultural point of view in Iran is investigated. Daily gasoline consumption of Iran is about 66 million liters and 340 of this amount is imported. We consider the production of sugarcane-derived ethanol to displace 15% of gasoline use in lran. With existing technology, 450,000 hectares of land, 21 standard distillery and US $3,600 million investment will be required to produce this amount of ethanol. This is just about 60% of the money that currently Iran expends annually for importing about 5.8 million tones of gasoline.
文摘Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical losses on various parts of safflower plants. They are safflower Budfly and capsulfly （Acanthiophilus helianthi）, aphid （Uroleucon carthami）, green leafhopper （Empoasca decipiens）, ground bug （Oxycarneus pallens）, grampod borer and capsule borer or bordered straw （Heliothis （and or Heliocaverpa） peltigera）, red spider mite and two spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urtica）, beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua）, scarab beetle （Tropinota （and or Epicometis） hirta）, Egyptian cotton leaf （Spodoptera littoralis）, cotton boll worm （Heliothi absouleta） and so on. The other reported safflower insect pests from other countries are wireworms （Limonius spp.）, lygus bugs （Lygus hesperus）, flower thrips （Eastern or Western） or onion thrips （Thrips tabaci）, and seed corn maggots （Delia platura）, sunflower moths （Helianthus annuus） and Caterpillar （Perigaea capensis） are the serious pests of this crop. The other reports showed that some stored-product insects are capable of establishing infestations in safflower seeds and seed meal under suitable conditions. Only Lasiaderma serricorne, Stegobium penliceum, and the four species of Trogodema were to be as the infectious pests. Safflower is also attractive to several beneficial insects, including lady beetles and lacewings that may provide insect control in surrounding fields.
文摘Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some students learn a language, even their own mother tongue earlier but some others may need to spend more time acquiring a language. Seeking out for the probable reasons for such a difference, the current study following the constructivist approach to language learning and bearing in mind the role of society and human communities in language learning, was concluded to investigate the probable impact（s） of some social variables （social status, attitudinal and motivational status of learners） on language learning outcomes of Iranian adult learners assessed through a standardized English proficiency test. The findings have revealed that the social milieu in which learners live may play a decisive role as far as learning opportunities, input and resources are concerned.
