Isolation,identification,and antifungal susceptibility test for Kodamaea ohmeri:a case report on endocarditis

A 43-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid heart disease developed endocarditis.Blood culture showed endocarditis was caused by Kodamaea ohmeri and the susceptibility test showed the yeast species were susceptible to itraconazole,amphotericin B,and voriconazole,but susceptible-dose dependent to fluconazole,and resistant to 5-flucytosine.Treated with surgery and anti-fungi agents,the patient recovered from endocarditis.This is the first case of K.ohmeri fungemia found in Chinese from mainland.More and more evidence indicate that K.ohmeri is an important opportunistic pathogen for human beings.

Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics and Electroluminescence of cBN Crystal

The current-voltage（I-V） characteristics of cBN crystal sandwiched between two metallic electrodes are measured and found to be nonlinear. Over 20 samples are measured at room temperature with various electrodes, and the resulting curves are all similar in shape. When a voltage of about 560V is applied to the cBN crystal, the emitted light is visible to the naked eye in a dark room. We explain these phenomena by the space charge limited current and the electronic transition between the X and Г valleys of the conduction band.

Expression Variability of Carbohydrates at the Cell Wall Surface of Aspergillus Species and in Vitro Susceptibility to Amphotericin B, Voriconazole and Itraconazole

This study evaluated the expression of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-fucose, D-galactose and glucose/mannose on the cell wall surface of Aspergillus species using lectins and the in vitro antifungal activity of AMB （amphotericin B）, VOR （voriconazole） and ITC （itraconazole）. Con A （Concanavalin A）, WGA （wheat germ agglutinin）, UEA-I （Ulex europeus agglutinin I） and PNA （peanut agglutinin）, all conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, were used. For the susceptibility tests, sterilized fiat-bottomed 96-well microtitre plates were used and the procedures were followed of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The inoculum was added to the wells with the tested drugs and the plates were incubated at 25 ℃ for 48 h before reading the results to determine the MIC （minimal inhibitory concentration） of AMB, VOR and ITC. All Aspergillus strains showed low MIC for AMB （0.031-1 μg/mL） and ITC （0.031-0.25μg/mL）. However, the isolates were less susceptible to VOR, for which the MIC ranged from 4 to 16 μg/mL. The results of this study indicate that the expression of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucose/mannose on the cell wall surface of the Aspergillus species evaluated showed greater stability of expression in the fungal growth both in vitro and in parasitism.

Quantitative analysis of geological ore-controlling factors and stereoscopic quantitative prediction of concealed ore bodies

To address the issues for assessing and prospecting the replaceable resource of crisis mines, a geological ore-controlling field model and a mineralization distribution field model were proposed from the viewpoint of field analysis. By dint of solving the field models through transferring the continuous models into the discrete ones, the relationship between the geological ore-controlling effect field and the mineralization distribution field was analyzed, and the quantitative and located parameters were extracted for describing the geological factors controlling mineralization enrichment. The method was applied to the 3-dimensional localization and quantitative prediction for concealed ore bodies in the depths and margins of the Daehang mine in Guangxi, China, and the 3-dimensional distribution models of mineralization indexes and ore-controlling factors such as magmatic rocks, strata, faults, lithology and folds were built. With the methods of statistical analysis and the non-linear programming, the quantitative index set of the geological ore-controlling factors was obtained. In addition, the stereoscopic located and quantitative prediction models were set up by exploring the relationship between the mineralization indexes and the geological ore-controlling factors. So far, some concealed ore bodies with the resource volume of a medium-sized mineral deposit are found in the deep parts of the Dachang Mine by means of the deep prospecting drills following the prediction results, from which the effectiveness of the predication models and results is proved.

Influence of voriconazole on pharmacokinetics and safety of combined drugs: a systematic review

We performed a systematic review to evaluate pharmacokinetics changes of drugs when concomitantly used with voriconazole, including randomized controlled trials（RCTs）, randomized cross-over trials, self-controlled before-and-after studies, cohort studies and case reports. Literature databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, were searched to identify eligible studies（until Jan, 2016）. A modified risk of bias tool specially developed in this research was used to evaluate the quality of pharmacokinetic randomized crossover trials and self-controlled before-and-after studies. Cochrane risk of bias tool provided by Cochrane Library and Cochrane Reviewer＇s handbook was used to evaluate the quality of RCTs and non-randomized controlled studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters, such as area under curve（AUC）, Cmin, and Cmax before and after using voriconalzole were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize results if possible. Among 41 studies included in our search, 17 were randomized crossover trials, 3 were RCTs, 13 were self-controlled before-and-after study（SBAs）, 1 was cohort studies and 7 were case reports. A total of 12 classes of drugs were involved, including opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）, psychopathic drugs, anti-HIV drugs, immunosuppressors, oral contraceptive, digoxin, warfarin, oral hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive agents, lipid regulating agents and cytotoxic agents. According to our results, the impacts of voriconazole on tilidine, buprenorphine, etoricoxib, meloxicam, venlafaxine, midazolam, zolpidem, etravirine and sirolimus were different from the package insert. Our systematic review provided comprehensive data on the pharmacokinetics changes of drugs when used in combination with voriconazole.

Effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on pharmacokinetics and safety of voriconazole

Our objective was to systematically assess the effect of cytochrome P-450（CYP450） inhibitors on pharmacokinetics and safety of voriconazole（VORI）. Cochrane Library, Pub Med, Embase, CNKI, CBM and Wan Fang databases and C linicaltrials.gov were searched up to Jan. 26～（th） 2016. Two reviewers independently identified studies, extracted data and assessed quality of studies. Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man 5.3, and risk ratios（RRs） and mean differences（MDs） with 95% confidence intervals（CIs） were calculated. A total of 12 studies were included： three crossover randomized controlled trials, three single-arm before-and-after studies and six cohort studies. Compared with non-combination group, the group of VORI plus omeprazole had a significantly higher occurrence of hepatic dysfunction（RR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.12–15.08, P = 0.03）. However, neurologic dysfunction and visual disturbance were not significantly different. Pantoprazole, rabeprazole, cimetidine and contraceptive significantly increased the peak concentration（Cmax） and area under the curve（AUC） of VORI, while indinavir had no significant effect on pharmacokinetics of VORI. The effects of esomeprazole, erythromycin and azithromycin on pharmacokinetic parameters of VORI presented inconsistent results. Co-administration of VORI and CYP450 inhibitors was safe except for omeprazole. Although Cmax and AUC of VORI were increased while co-administered with a couple of CYP450 inhibitors, no significant effect on clinical outcomes was observed.