休达公共图书馆,休达,西班牙

这座图书馆将一处考古遗址整合为建筑的核心要素,成为一座文化地标。一处14世纪的马里尼德时期遗址是图书馆阅读空间的核心。考古挖掘成为了这座公共建筑室内空间的一部分,建筑师与负责遗址挖掘的考古学家一起在图书馆与马里尼德遗址之间营造出一种开放性和通透感。图书馆功能垂直分布在7层高的体量中,其中有3层都可以俯瞰考古遗址。建筑包含多个不同组成部分,但建筑师希望赋予它整体感。

摩洛哥与西班牙领土争端解析

摩洛哥和西班牙隔地中海相望,长期保持着传统特殊关系,同时两国之间就休达和梅利利亚两个飞地城市以及佩雷希尔岛等摩洛哥沿海一些岛屿的主权归属问题存在争端。2002年7月爆发佩雷希尔岛危机,造成双边关系恶化和地区局势紧张。两国领土争端短期内难以解决,将是影响双边关系乃至地中海地区局势的一个潜在威胁。

青年群体工作

格莱姆是一个童子军成员,这个群体大概有30个16至20岁的青少年。尽管格莱姆的年纪较小,但是他相当聪明,他的幽默感使他被公认为群体内的滑稽人物。加入童子军不久,他参加了当地的青年艺术节,并且获得了“青少年收藏家”的称号,因为他从初中就始开大量收集钱币了。可是不久以后,他要求退出该群体,理由是他没有什么事可干,而且大家对他并不太严肃。他不怕被视为滑稽,但他担心大家仅仅把他看作滑稽人物。该群体的领导听后很吃惊,他答应今后大家不再对格莱姆太随便,并且组织了两项活动,其中一项就是收集钱币,还让格菜姆当负责人,结果,这群体的关系缓和了,格莱姆再也没有要求退出组织。

葡萄牙人是如何来到澳门的

葡萄牙是西欧的小国,在欧洲的历史上从来不曾辉煌过,为什么在大海航时代,却拔得头筹,率先征服了亚洲？事情的原委,要从葡萄牙在远东的＂保教权＂谈起。所谓＂保教权＂是天主教传教事业上的一种优惠特权。天主教会在发展的初期,因召集信徒帮助修建各种宗教设施,而赐予他们各种特权作为回报。到中世纪晚期,这种特权在欧洲本土已经衰落,但随着葡萄牙航海探险开始,它又在海外复兴,

设计中的直布罗陀海峡隧道

直布罗陀海峡位于在西班牙与摩洛哥之间。西班牙的直布罗陀半岛(5.8平方公里)与摩洛哥的休达自由港隔海相望,海峡长58公里,最窄处宽13公里,平均深度310米,沟通大西洋和地中海。1869年苏伊士运河开通后,它成为世界上最重要的水道之一。世界上最大的内陆海——地中海。

关注难民

国际移民组织近日公布的信息显示,截至8月20日,2017年共有120137名移民和难民进入欧洲,有2410人在路途中死亡。自2015年起,“欧洲移民危机”的字眼开始频频见诸报端。大量非洲和中东地区民众为躲避贫困或战乱涌向欧洲,形成了空前的偷渡潮。据报道,

三星i85镜头下的西班牙

回到家,躺在床上,有点累却又不想睡觉。上百度小搜了一下24小时前脚下的那片土地。百度上说:西班牙,正式名称为西班牙王国,是一个位于欧洲西南部的国家,与葡萄牙同处于伊比利亚半岛,东北部与法国及安道尔公国接壤。它的领土还包括地中海中的巴利阿里群岛,大西洋的加那利群岛,以及在非洲的休达和梅利利亚。

Expression and significance of heat shock protein 70 and glucose-regulated protein 94 in human esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) in human esophageai carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. METHODS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 in 78 human esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues was studied by immunohistochemistry and pathology photograph analysis. RESULTS: Both esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues could express HSP70 and grp94. Of the 78 cases of esophageai carcinoma, 95.0%(72/78) showed positive HSP70, mainly stained in nuclei, while grp94 was mainly stained in cell plasma, and the positive rate was 71.8% (56/78).There was a significant difference in the expression of HSP70 and grp94 between esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01). Compared with adjacent normal tissues, there was a significant difference between differential types and HSP70 expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HSP70 and grp94 express differently in cell plasma and nuclei. The expression intensity of HSP70 is related to the differentiation of esophageai carcinoma.

Increased heat shock protein 70 expression in the pancreas of rats with endotoxic shock

AIM： To investigate the ultra-structural changes and heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） expression in the pancreas of rats with endotoxic shock and to detect their possible relationship. METHODS： A total of 33 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： control group （given normal saline）, small dose lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group （given LPS 5 mg/kg） and large dose LPS group （given LPS 10 mg/kg）. Pancreas was explanted to detect the ultrastructural changes by TEM and the HSP70 expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS： Rats given small doses of LPS showed swelling and loss of mitochondrial cristae of acinar cells and increased number of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. Rats given large doses of LPS showed swelling, vacuolization, and obvious myeloid changes of mitochondrial cristae of acinar cells, increased number of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. HSPT0 expression was increased compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Small doses of LPS may induce stronger expression of HSP70, promote autophagocytosis and ameliorate ultra-structural injuries.

Effect of herbal medicine Juzentaihoto on hepatic and intestinal heat shock gene expression requires intestinal microflora in mouse

AIM： To evaluate the role of intestinal microflora in the effects of multi-herbal medicine on gene expression in the gut and liver. METHODS： The multi-herbal medicine Juzentaihoto （JTX） was administered to five germ-free mice and regular mice for 2 wk. Among the results of the comprehensive gene chip analysis of the intestine and liver, we featured heat shock proteins （HSPs） 70 and 105 because their gene expression changed only in the presence of microflora. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression levels of these HSP genes. To determine whether JTX acts directly on the HSP genes, sodium arsenite （SA） was used to induce the heat shock proteins directly. To examine the change of the intestinal microflora with administration of JTX, the terminal restriction fragment polymorphism （T-RFLP） method was used. To identify the changed bacteria, DNA sequencing was performed.documented by gene chip and real-time RT-PCR, changed with the administration of JTX in the regular mice but not in the germ-free mice. JTX did not suppress the direct induction of the HSPs by SA. T-RFLP suggested that JTX decreased unculturable bacteria and increased Lactobacillus johnsoni. These data suggested that JTX changed the intestinal microflora which, in turn, changed HSP gene expression.CONCLUSION： Intestinal microflora affects multi-herbal product JTX on the gene expression in the gut and liver.

Effect of Temperature on Gene Expression in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

In this study, we examined the effect of elevated temperature on the expression patterns of genes, i.e., nacrein, irr, n16, n19, and hsp70 in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. The experiment was carried out at 4 temperatures, i.e., 20℃(ambient, control), 24, 28℃, and 32℃. The expression levels of target genes in P. fucata were assayed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the expression levels of nacrein and irr had no significant variations among different time points below 28℃, but significantly increased over time at 32℃. The expression levels of n16 and n19 did not change markedly at 20℃. The former increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h while the latter substantially decreased during 6–96 h at 24, 28 and 32℃. Among different temperatures, the level of n16 was significantly lower at 20℃ than at other temperatures during 6–96 h, and the level of n19 significantly varied among different temperatures at 48 h and 96 h. The expression level of hsp70 was significantly higher at 32℃ than at 20, 24 and 28℃ at 24 h. These results demonstrated that elevated temperature impacted the physiological processes of P. fucata and potentially influenced its adaptability to thermal stress.

Studies on Mode of Expression of Apple （Malus x domestica Borkh.） Bud Dormancy under Tropical and Temperate Climatic Conditions

A study was conducted to describe the progression of bud dormancy in 1-year-old apple （Malus x domestica Borkh） shoots grown at two contrasting climatic conditions （Belgium, temperate and Ethiopia, tropics）. The experiment was carried out on ＂Golden＂ and ＂Gala＂ cultivars for two consecutive years （2010/2011 and 2011/2012）. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted on ＂MM106＂ apple rootstock during 2010/2011 only in Ethiopia. Variations in inverse of time to 50% budburst were interpreted in terms of evolution of growth capacity of the buds. Despite differences observed with chilling accumulation later in winter or early in spring, depending on environments, depth of endodormancy intensity during winter can be summarized as follows： buds from pruned shoots were less endodormant than terminal buds of the intact shoots and terminal buds were more endodormant than the dormancy intensity of upper buds of the disbudded shoots, suggesting proximal buds can grow more readily than does terminal ones. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a considerably strong paradormancy inhibition by distal shoot parts and buds, which was more pronounced in Ethiopia than in Belgium, highlighting the importance of designing and applying appropriate pruning and dormancy avoidance strategies in mild-winter climates. Finally, as still there is knowledge gap on bud dormancy progression and its control mechanism especially under mild climates, our study highlights the need for further in-depth research using biological and biochemical tests.

Application of heat shock protein expression for detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations

Heat-shock proteins （HSPs） play an undisputed role for maintaining cellular functioning under environmental challenges and protein denaturing conditions. Compelling evidence points to an evolutionary important role of HSPs and a strict evolutionary control of these proteins as a balance between benefits and costs. While there is a great potential for using HSP expression for detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations, some obstacles and key issues await investigation. From an ecological perspective these key issues needs to be resolved in order to fully appreciate the complex responses and adaptations to stress and to increase our understanding of HSPs and other molecular chaperones for stress adaptation and potential use as biomarkers. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of HSPs is reviewed and a number of key issues including the interpretation of elevated HSP levels, the complications of extrapolating between laboratory and field conditions, the effects of choice of traits and methodology and the larger intra-and extracellular networks of interactions that HSPs participate in are discussed [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 703-713, 2010].

Cloning and expression of Hsp22.4 gene from Chaetomium globosum

A study was conducted on the molecular mechanism of small heat shock proteins （sHSPs） in Chaetomium globosum. Heat shock protein 22.4 （Hsp22.4） from C. globosum was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. BlastX analysis revealed that the Hsp22.4 gene from C. globosum shared the highest identity in amino acid sequence with a Hsp gene from Neurospora crassa, and the identity between them was 65%. The C. globosum Hsp22.4 gene was inserted into the expressive vector of pGEX-4T-2 and the recombinant plasmid named pGEX-HSE E. coli BL21 transformed with pGEX-HSP plasmid was induced by IPTG, and the expressed proteins were analyzed with SDS-PAGE. A 50 kD protein was specially expressed in E. coli BL21, and the result was consistent with expectation, and showed that the Hsp22.4 gene had been expressed in E. coli. Our study has made a foundation for further studying the function ofsHSPs protein.

Clinical significance of heat shock protein 10 in large bowel carcinoma

Objective： To investigate the expression of heat shock protein 10 （HSPIO） during genesis and development of large bowel carcinoma and discuss the clinical significance about its expression. Methods： The expression of HSPIO was observed in specimens from normal colonic mucosa （NC）, colorectal adenomas （CA） and colorectal adenocarcinomas （CAC） by immunohistochemistry EnVisionTM. Its correlations to clinicopathologic features, as well as to postoperative survival time of large bowel carcinoma patients were analyzed. Results： The expression of HSPIO was common in normal colonic mucosa, colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas and more intensive in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas than that in normal colonic mucosa （P 〈 0.001）. The positive expression of HSPIO had no correlation to clinicopathologic features, including age, gender, primary tumor, infiltrating of regional lymph node, metastasis, clinical stage and histopathology of large bowel carcinoma patients, as well as to their postoperative survival time. Conclusion： HSPIO was overexpressed in the early stage of colorectal adenocarcinoma suggesting that it could serve as an index for early diagnosis of large bowl carcinoma. The positive expression of HSPIO had no correlation to clinicopathologic features or postoperative survival time of large bowel carcinoma patients.

具体分析殖民主义在不同时期和不同地区的作用

一、殖民主义与资本主义关于殖民主义的'双重使命'对亚非拉殖民地的作用和意义,无论从纵向或横向考察,都应该强调具体分析。殖民主义与资本主义的关系,从时间上看,不好说它是资本主义的孪生物,也不好说它们是'同步产生和发展'的。早期的殖民活动(包括1415年葡萄牙人占领北非休达城)应该说是资本主义的先驱。殖民主义的寿命要比资本主义的寿命短,当殖民主义退出历史舞台,资本主义所能容纳的全部生产力还没有完全发挥出来。

发现美洲和两个世界会合的动因与影响

今年是哥伦布航行美洲五百周年,联合国和世界各国以“发现美洲和两个世界会合”为主题,纷纷举行各种纪念活动。本文拟对15、16世纪西欧全球航海探险与殖民扩张的动因及其世界影响作一概述。一西欧全球航海活动兴起的动因与条件历史学家们一般把1415年葡萄牙人对北非城市休达的占领,看成是近代西欧航海探险时代兴起的标志。这一探险时代前后持续约两个多世纪,到17世纪末,全球所有大陆与主要岛屿的海岸线,已被大致准确地描绘在欧洲人的世界航海地图上。

如何更准确地评价殖民主义

近代殖民主义,作为人类社会发展漫长历程中的一个历史现象,其跨度之大、涵盖之广、影响之深,都是少见的。国际学术界对这个问题的研究,在本世纪六十年代达到高潮,取得了很大的成果。七十年代以后,研究的兴趣已渐趋淡化。然而,真正全面、科学的论述,似乎仍不多见。马克思主义经典作家曾对这个问题多有论述。其中最重要的,就是关于殖民主义'双重使命'的评价。'双重使命',指的是殖民主义对东方社会的影响。对于这一论述,学者们理解不一。

欧洲经济共同体内的最不发达地区

据法新社报导,欧洲共同体委员会已将其所拟定的共同体内最不发达地区的名单提交欧洲经济共同体部长理事会审议。这些地区的社会经济发展应该首先获得该集团各项'结构性基金'的资助。欧洲共同体委员会认为,从欧洲地区开发基金。