In order to improve air quality, the European Union introduced the New Air Quality Directive in 2008 and set its Member States strict targets on air pollution concentrations for the most harmful and challenging substa...In order to improve air quality, the European Union introduced the New Air Quality Directive in 2008 and set its Member States strict targets on air pollution concentrations for the most harmful and challenging substances, such as fine particles. The law enforcement relies on a monitoring and reporting system to inform the European Commission and the public, for it is the citizens' right to be informed about harmful air quality. With sectoral measures, air quality could be improved in the past 20 years, but some emissions concentrations have stagnated in recent years and emissions temporarily exceed thresholds in nearly half of the Member States. The European Emission Inventory allows the commission to identify the substances, areas, and times of exceedances, and to implement sectoral measures leading to air quality improvements, all of which have to be made available publicly. This manuscript introduces the air quality legislation and reviews the quality of European air for recent years.展开更多
An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences＇ characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene...An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences＇ characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene and the people who view the video advertisements are captured by the net- work camera deployed on the video advertising terminal side. Then audiences＇ characteristics can be obtained by applying computer vision technologies ： face detection, face tracking, gender recogni- tion and age estimation. Finally, an intelligent recommendation algorithm is designed to decide the most fitting video ads for each terminal according to multi-dimensional statistical information of its reover, a novel face detection method and a new face tracking method have been proposed to meet the practical requirements of the system, of which the average Fl-score is O. 988 and 0. 951 respec- tively.展开更多
Auditor independence provisions enshrined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act （SOX） were promulgated in 2002 in response to the Errron-Anderson scandal leading to a diminution of trust in the audit profession. In seeking to r...Auditor independence provisions enshrined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act （SOX） were promulgated in 2002 in response to the Errron-Anderson scandal leading to a diminution of trust in the audit profession. In seeking to regulate auditor independence in the name of investor protection, SOX has been heralded as ＂ground-breaking＂ public interest reform. Ironically, when one considers the substance of these reforms and contrasts them with the situation prevailing in South Africa, a different impression results. Despite the fact that South Africa is classified as a ＂developing＂ nation and one which has only recently transitioned to democracy, many of the auditor independence principles legislated under SOX have been part of generally accepted practice in South Africa since the 1950s. Accordingly, SOX may not be the progressive example of auditor regulation that it is generally perceived to be.展开更多
基金the Comparative Policy and Practice Study of the EU-China Environmental Governance Programme’s core theme Public Access to Environmental Information with funding from the European Union(www.ecegp.com)
文摘In order to improve air quality, the European Union introduced the New Air Quality Directive in 2008 and set its Member States strict targets on air pollution concentrations for the most harmful and challenging substances, such as fine particles. The law enforcement relies on a monitoring and reporting system to inform the European Commission and the public, for it is the citizens' right to be informed about harmful air quality. With sectoral measures, air quality could be improved in the past 20 years, but some emissions concentrations have stagnated in recent years and emissions temporarily exceed thresholds in nearly half of the Member States. The European Emission Inventory allows the commission to identify the substances, areas, and times of exceedances, and to implement sectoral measures leading to air quality improvements, all of which have to be made available publicly. This manuscript introduces the air quality legislation and reviews the quality of European air for recent years.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA01A102)the Important Science&Technology Project of Hainan Province(No.JDJS2013006,ZDXM2015103)the Young Talent Frontier Project of Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences＇ characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene and the people who view the video advertisements are captured by the net- work camera deployed on the video advertising terminal side. Then audiences＇ characteristics can be obtained by applying computer vision technologies ： face detection, face tracking, gender recogni- tion and age estimation. Finally, an intelligent recommendation algorithm is designed to decide the most fitting video ads for each terminal according to multi-dimensional statistical information of its reover, a novel face detection method and a new face tracking method have been proposed to meet the practical requirements of the system, of which the average Fl-score is O. 988 and 0. 951 respec- tively.
文摘Auditor independence provisions enshrined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act （SOX） were promulgated in 2002 in response to the Errron-Anderson scandal leading to a diminution of trust in the audit profession. In seeking to regulate auditor independence in the name of investor protection, SOX has been heralded as ＂ground-breaking＂ public interest reform. Ironically, when one considers the substance of these reforms and contrasts them with the situation prevailing in South Africa, a different impression results. Despite the fact that South Africa is classified as a ＂developing＂ nation and one which has only recently transitioned to democracy, many of the auditor independence principles legislated under SOX have been part of generally accepted practice in South Africa since the 1950s. Accordingly, SOX may not be the progressive example of auditor regulation that it is generally perceived to be.
