针对结构纹理信息较复杂、破损尺度较大的图像修复问题,提出一种既能保持图像特征又能提高修复速度的参照四邻域裁剪样本的修复算法,将图像修复问题转化为最佳样本的检索过程。首先,提取图像结构信息,并对图像进行区域划分以缩小样本的...针对结构纹理信息较复杂、破损尺度较大的图像修复问题,提出一种既能保持图像特征又能提高修复速度的参照四邻域裁剪样本的修复算法,将图像修复问题转化为最佳样本的检索过程。首先,提取图像结构信息,并对图像进行区域划分以缩小样本的裁剪与检索范围;其次,为了改进离差平方和(SSD)方法对块的结构信息匹配的忽视,在像素块匹配计算中引入结构对称匹配约束,有效避免了误匹配,提高了图像块匹配精度及样本搜索效率;然后,通过引入结构因子和置信度,结合传统的优先权计算,得到突出结构作用的优先级公式;最后,利用目标块与四邻域块间的重叠区域计算四邻域参照优先级,并根据四邻域提供的可靠参照信息,依据改进的块匹配方法裁剪样本集并检索最佳样本块,直至所有目标块都检索匹配到最佳样本,完成修复。实验结果表明,该算法可以很好地解决纹理模糊和结构错位等问题,在提高图像修复速度的同时,所提算法修复效果的峰值信噪比(PSNR)比其他对比算法平均提高了0.5~1 d B,使得修复后的图像更好地满足视觉连通性,同时能高效地修复一般区域,具有更好的普适性。展开更多
With the popularity of the automatic precipitation gauges in national weather stations,testing their performance and adjusting their measurements are top priorities. Additionally,because different climatic conditions ...With the popularity of the automatic precipitation gauges in national weather stations,testing their performance and adjusting their measurements are top priorities. Additionally,because different climatic conditions may have different effects on the performance of the precipitation gauges, it is also necessary to test the gauges in different areas. This study mainly analyzed precipitation measurements from the single-Altershielded TRwS204 automatic weighing gauge(TRwS_(SA)) relative to the adjusted manual measurements(reference precipitation) from the Chinese standard precipitation gauge in a doublefence wind shield(CSPG_(DF)) in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains, China. The measurements were compared over the period from August 2014 to July2017, and the transfer function derived from the work by Kochendorfer et al.(2017 a) for correcting windinduced losses was applied to the TRwS_(SA) measurements. The results show that the average loss of TRwS_(SA) measurements relative to the reference precipitation decreased from 0.55 mm(10.7%) to 0.51 mm(9.9%) for rainfall events, from 0.35 mm(8.5%)to 0.22 mm(5.3%) for sleet events, and from 0.49 mm(18.9%) to 0.33 mm(12.7%) for snowfall events after adjustment. The uncorrected large biases of TRwS_(SA) measurements are considered to be mainly caused by specific errors of TRwS_(SA), different gauge orifice area and random errors. These types of errors must be considered when comparing precipitation measurements for different gauge types, especially in the mountains.展开更多
Networks are a class of general systems represented by becomes a weighted graph visualizing the constraints imposed their UC-structure. Suppressing the nature of elements the network by interconnections rather than th...Networks are a class of general systems represented by becomes a weighted graph visualizing the constraints imposed their UC-structure. Suppressing the nature of elements the network by interconnections rather than the elements themselves. These constraints follow generalized Kirchhoff＇s laws derived from physical constraints. Once we have a graph; then the working environment becomes the graph-theory. An algorithm derived from graph theory is developed within the paper in order to analyze general networks. The algorithm is based on computing all the spanning trees in the graph G with an associated weight. This weight is the product ofadmittance＇s of the edges forming the spanning tree. In the first phase this algorithm computes a depth first spanning tree together with its cotree. Both are used as parents for controlled generation of off-springs. The control is represented in selecting the off-springs that were not generated previously. While the generation of off-springs, is based on replacement of one or more tree edges by cycle edges corresponding to cotree edges. The algorithm can generate a frequency domain analysis of the network.展开更多
文摘针对结构纹理信息较复杂、破损尺度较大的图像修复问题,提出一种既能保持图像特征又能提高修复速度的参照四邻域裁剪样本的修复算法,将图像修复问题转化为最佳样本的检索过程。首先,提取图像结构信息,并对图像进行区域划分以缩小样本的裁剪与检索范围;其次,为了改进离差平方和(SSD)方法对块的结构信息匹配的忽视,在像素块匹配计算中引入结构对称匹配约束,有效避免了误匹配,提高了图像块匹配精度及样本搜索效率;然后,通过引入结构因子和置信度,结合传统的优先权计算,得到突出结构作用的优先级公式;最后,利用目标块与四邻域块间的重叠区域计算四邻域参照优先级,并根据四邻域提供的可靠参照信息,依据改进的块匹配方法裁剪样本集并检索最佳样本块,直至所有目标块都检索匹配到最佳样本,完成修复。实验结果表明,该算法可以很好地解决纹理模糊和结构错位等问题,在提高图像修复速度的同时,所提算法修复效果的峰值信噪比(PSNR)比其他对比算法平均提高了0.5~1 d B,使得修复后的图像更好地满足视觉连通性,同时能高效地修复一般区域,具有更好的普适性。
基金supported primarily by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CBA01806)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (41671029, 41690141, 41401040 and 41501040)
文摘With the popularity of the automatic precipitation gauges in national weather stations,testing their performance and adjusting their measurements are top priorities. Additionally,because different climatic conditions may have different effects on the performance of the precipitation gauges, it is also necessary to test the gauges in different areas. This study mainly analyzed precipitation measurements from the single-Altershielded TRwS204 automatic weighing gauge(TRwS_(SA)) relative to the adjusted manual measurements(reference precipitation) from the Chinese standard precipitation gauge in a doublefence wind shield(CSPG_(DF)) in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains, China. The measurements were compared over the period from August 2014 to July2017, and the transfer function derived from the work by Kochendorfer et al.(2017 a) for correcting windinduced losses was applied to the TRwS_(SA) measurements. The results show that the average loss of TRwS_(SA) measurements relative to the reference precipitation decreased from 0.55 mm(10.7%) to 0.51 mm(9.9%) for rainfall events, from 0.35 mm(8.5%)to 0.22 mm(5.3%) for sleet events, and from 0.49 mm(18.9%) to 0.33 mm(12.7%) for snowfall events after adjustment. The uncorrected large biases of TRwS_(SA) measurements are considered to be mainly caused by specific errors of TRwS_(SA), different gauge orifice area and random errors. These types of errors must be considered when comparing precipitation measurements for different gauge types, especially in the mountains.
文摘Networks are a class of general systems represented by becomes a weighted graph visualizing the constraints imposed their UC-structure. Suppressing the nature of elements the network by interconnections rather than the elements themselves. These constraints follow generalized Kirchhoff＇s laws derived from physical constraints. Once we have a graph; then the working environment becomes the graph-theory. An algorithm derived from graph theory is developed within the paper in order to analyze general networks. The algorithm is based on computing all the spanning trees in the graph G with an associated weight. This weight is the product ofadmittance＇s of the edges forming the spanning tree. In the first phase this algorithm computes a depth first spanning tree together with its cotree. Both are used as parents for controlled generation of off-springs. The control is represented in selecting the off-springs that were not generated previously. While the generation of off-springs, is based on replacement of one or more tree edges by cycle edges corresponding to cotree edges. The algorithm can generate a frequency domain analysis of the network.
