施肥对河西走廊娃娃菜干烧心病及产量的影响

以河西走廊娃娃菜为研究对象,从减少化肥使用量和增产增效的角度,采用三因素五水平正旋转组合设计,就N∶P∶K肥不同用量对娃娃菜干烧心病发病率及产量的影响进行了研究,并建立了相应的回归方程。结果表明,N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量偏高是造成娃娃菜产量下降和干烧心偏重发生的主要因素,为此确定了河西走廊娃娃菜的科学施肥方案,即N:420.9 kg·hm^(-2)~474.7 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5:155.2 kg·hm^(-2)~321 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O:150.0 kg·hm^(-2)~160.0 kg·hm^(-2);其中N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O比为1∶0.40~0.42∶0.30~0.33为宜。

优质稻肥料效应试验

为取得有关施肥参数,建立优质稻施肥模型,选择高、中、低肥力田块,应用3因素4水平设计方案对优质稻进行田间肥效试验。结果表明,在一定范围内氮、磷、钾肥的施用对优质稻的增产作用是氮肥大于磷肥,磷肥大于钾肥,建议梁河县优质稻高肥力田块氮、磷、钾施用量分别为N 73 kg/hm2、P2O535.6 kg/hm2、K2O87.8 kg/hm2,应施好氮、磷肥,增施钾肥。中肥力、低肥力田块氮、磷、钾施用量分别为N 87.48～103.7 kg/hm2、P2O559～63 kg/hm2、K2O 47.6～52 kg/hm2,应增施氮肥、磷肥,适量钾肥。

甘蔗3414肥料试验

为获得甘蔗氮、磷、钾肥料参数,建立甘蔗施肥模型,选择高、中、低肥力田块,应用3414试验设计进行甘蔗田间肥效试验。结果表明,梁河县甘蔗高肥力田块氮、磷、钾施用量分别为N667.0 kg/hm^2、P2O5201.9 kg/hm^2、K_2O 131.5 kg/hm^2,即高氮钾肥、适量磷肥;中肥力田块氮、磷、钾施用量为N 585.7 kg/hm^2、P_2O5225.0 kg/hm^2、K_2O 86.4 kg/hm^2,即增施氮磷肥、低钾肥;低肥力田块氮、磷、钾施用量分别为N 537.3 kg/hm^2、P_2O5168.1 kg/hm^2、K_2O 55.9 kg/hm^2,即施足氮磷肥、少钾肥。

Variation Dynamics of Total Nitrogen and Nicotine of Burley Tobacco at Various Growing Stages under Different Nitrogen Nutrition Levels

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the variation dynamics of total nitrogen and nicotine of burtey tobacco at various growing stages under different ni- trogen nutrition levels to provide reference for optimizing fertilization technologies for burley tobacco. [Method] Fresh burley tobacco leaves were collected at various growing stages and dried to measure the content of total nitrogen, protein and nico- tine by using INTEGRAL automated chemical analyzer and analyze the correlation with nitrogen application level. [Result] Regardless of the nitrogen application level, the content of total nitrogen and protein showed a downward trend since root ex- tending stage and reached the minimum at mature stage; the content of nicotine showed an upward trend since early vigorous growing stage and increased to the maximum at mature stage; the content of total nitrogen, protein and nicotine all in- creased after air curing; the content of total nitrogen, protein and nicotine showed positive correlation with nitrogen application level, while total nitrogen/nicotine was negatively correlated. The results indicate that nitrogen level is closely related to the total nitrogen and nicotine of burley tobacco at growing period and post-air curing, rational application of nitrogen is an important measure to regulate the content of total nitrogen and nicotine of tobacco. [Conclusion] This study provides scientific ba- sis for rational fertilization of burley tobacco.

Fertcel Clinoptilolite Natural Product to Optimize the Fertilization and Reduce Environmental Pollution

The shortages of chemical fertilizers in Cuba in 90s caused the introduction of different research results obtained on this time for the implementation of natural zeolites in the fertilizer industry. It＇s known as the high capacity of cation exchange of the natural Cuban clinoptilolite, which contributes to reducing nutrient losses, such as ammonia, and keeping the potassium and phosphorus cations available. Extensive tests were done on the field with the objective to evaluate the agronomic effect of incorporating this mineral in fertilizer. The results obtained in this experiment contributed to almost all Cuban chemical fertilizers, which has been incorporated around 15%-20% of natural zeolite clinoptilolite in its composition by Cuban agriculture consumes, reducing the chemical carriers of the fertilizers and decreasing the contamination of the environment. Also this mineral contributes for increases in agricultural income more than 15% in all cases; additionally, a trend can be observed towards gradual recovery of some soil fertility indicators, in which the chemical fertilizers with Fertcel was applied.