高师美教专业招录方式的创新改革就是为了优化生源

生源的质量对高师美教专业培养高素质、专业化、创新型的中小学美术教师队伍的作用是不言而喻的。文章对当前"艺考"招录方式下高师美教专业的生源状况进行了梳理,明确提出与认为高师美教专业招录方式创新改革的目的就是为了优化生源,并就如何优化生源的前期阶段提出了几点可行性的有效策略,且认为只有这样高师美教专业才能有效实施"工作母机"的重任。

“新生奖学金”在优化生源结构中的作用

“新生奖学金”成为高校争取优秀生源的招生政策之一，对于优化生源结构等有着十分重要的意义。本文通过对近年来生源市场的分析和目前多数高校“新生奖学金”的设置情况调查来研究该奖作用的发挥．旨在更好地定位该奖．更加科学地开展该奖的相关工作。

对职教院校培养高技能人才的思考

随着我国经济的持续发展,企业对人力资源的素质提出了更高的要求,对技能人才需求呈现出更为强劲的势头。职教院校作为培养高技能人才的主力军,取得了令人瞩目的成绩,也有需要进一步完善的方面。

Multi-objective optimization of methane production system from biomass through anaerobic digestion

This work addressed the multi-objective optimization of a biogas production system considering both environmental and economic criteria. A mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP) model was established and solved with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ, from which the Pareto fronts, the optimal technology combinations and operation conditions were obtained and analyzed. It's found that the system is feasible in both environmental and economic considerations after optimization. The most expensive processing section is decarbonization; the most expensive equipment is anaerobic digester; the most power-consuming processing section is digestion, followed by decarbonization and waste management. The positive green degree value on the process is attributed to processing section of digestion and waste management. 3:1 chicken feces and corn straw, solar energy, pressure swing adsorption and 3:1 chicken feces and rice straw, solar energy, pressure swing adsorption are turned out to be two robust technology combinations under different prices of methane and electricity by sensitivity analysis. The optimization results provide support for optimal design and operation of biogas production system considering environmental and economic objectives.

Energy and Water Optimization in Biofuel Plants

In this paper we address the topic of energy and water optimization in the production of bioethanol from corn and switchgrass. We show that in order for these manufacturing processes to be attractive,there is a need to go beyond traditional heat integration and water recycling techniques. Thus,we propose a strategy based on mathe-matical programming techniques to model and optimize the structure of the processes,and perform heat integration including the use of multi-effect distillation columns and integrated water networks to show that the energy effi-ciency and water consumption in bioethanol plants can be significantly improved. Specifically,under some circum-stances energy can even be produced and the water consumption can be reduced below the values required for the production of gasoline.

Optimization of Bacterial Doses and Incubation Time on Bio-Ehanol Fermentation of Nipah （Nypa fruticans） for Biofuel Energy

Nipah （Nypafruticans） is a species of palm trees that grows in mangroves environment near the sea shore. Nipah is potential to produce biofuel energy. The purposes of this research were 1） to determine the optimum bacterial concentration for fermentation to produce high concentration of bio-ethanol, and 2） to determine the optimum incubation time for fermentation to produce high concentration of bio-ethanol. The research had been conducted from June until November 2009 using nipah sap as the substrate and Saceharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentation starter. The experimental design used was a randomized block design （RBD）. Factors tested were starter concentration （5%, 7.5%, 10%） and incubation time （2, 4, 6 days）. The variables observed were concentration of reducing sugar, total microorganism （CFU/mL）, and bio-ethanol production. The results showed that the highest yield of bio-ethanol （8.98%） was produced with 7.5% of starter concentration and 6 days of incubation time.

Analysis of Methodology for the Application of Stratified Random Sampling with Optimum Allocation： The Case Study of Forest Bioenergy

In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high differentiations among the three strata in which this population could be classified. The rural population of Evros Prefecture （Greece） with criterion the mean altitude of settlements was classified in three strata, the mountainous, semi-mountainous and fiat population for the estimation of mean consumption of forest fuelwood for covering of heating and cooking needs in households of these three strata. The analysis of this methodology includes： （1） the determination of total size of sample for entire the rural population and its allocation to the various strata; （2） the investigation of effectiveness of stratification with the technique of analysis of variance （One-Way ANOVA）; （3） the conduct of sampling research with the realization of face-to-face interviews in selected households and （4） the control of forms of the questionnaire and the analysis of data by using the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows. All data for the analysis of this methodology and its practical application were taken by the pilot sampling which was realized in each stratum. Relative paper was not found by the review of literature.

Integration and Optimized Utilization of Naphtha Resources

Naphtha is an important raw material for manufacture of clean fuels and ethylene products. However, China is experiencing a serious imbalance between supply and demand of naphtha, due to its rapidly increasing car population and booming ethylene industry, the demand of which cannot be met by the domestic depleting crude oil resources. Focusing on alleviating the above-mentioned naphtha deficit, this paper puts forward an idea suggesting that China＇s limited naphtha resource should be used reasonably. Naphtha feedstocks with more potential aromatic content should be used in catalytic reforming process to produce clean fuel products, and those feedstocks with more paraffinic content should be used in ethylene production. Meanwhile, industry tests show that the low-valued naphtha byproduct from ethylene plants and the products of secondary processing units at refineries can also be applied so as to extend the naphtha supply for manufacture of cleaner fuels and ethylene derivatives.

Issues and Solutions for China's Photovoltaic Power Industry

Solar energy is an important renewable energy.Developing photovoltaic power will not only relieve the energy supply-demand contradiction and optimize the energy structure,but also help to restructure this industry.This paper analyzes the status quo and the development prospects of China's photovoltaic power industry and its existing issues,and puts forward some suggestions and solutions for its healthy and orderly development.

Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization for Controlling Virtual Power Plant Consisting of Renewable Energy Sources

RES （renewable energy sources）, such as wind and photovoltaic power plants, suffer from their stochastic nature that is why their behavior on market is very delicate. In order to diversify risk, a concept of VPP （virtual power plant） has been developed. The VPP is composed of several RES, from which at least one of them is fully controllable. Because the production of noncontrollable RES can not be forecasted perfectly, therefore an optimal dispatch schedule within VPP is needed. To address this problem, an APSO （accelerated particle swarm optimization） is used to solve the constrained optimal dispatch problem within VPP. The experimental results show that the proposed optimization method provides high quality solutions while meeting constraints.

Evaluation of an Agent Based Monitoring and Brokerage System for Neighbourhood Electricity Usage Optimization

The current paper presents the evaluation results of a monitoring system, developed within NOBEL （Neighbourhood Oriented Brokerage Electricity） project. NOBEL is an EU funded project of the 7th Framework Programme that developed a pilot monitoring and energy brokerage system, within a local electricity network, aiming to the optimization of energy usage by reducing consumption and maximizing RES （renewable energy sources） usage on neighbourhood level. A holistic evaluation methodology was followed encompassing all aspects, focusing on the enhancement of energy efficiency due to NOBEL system. In specific, indicators related to energy and monetary impacts were analysed and finally assessed. The system was tested through pilot trials in Alginet, a village in Spain. NOBEL managed to achieve total energy savings of 12%, contributing also to respective emissions reduction and to economic benefits for brokerage platform participants. Analytic results and conclusions are presented in the current manuscript that will assess the project＇s system overall performance.

An Optimization Approach for Unit Commitment of a Power System Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources： A Case Study of Afghanistan

This paper focused on generation scheduling problem with consideration of wind, solar and PHES （pumped hydro energy storage） system. Wind, solar and PHES are being considered in the NEPS （northeast power system） of Afghanistan to schedule all units power output so as to minimize the total operation cost of thermal units plus aggregate imported power tariffs during the scheduling horizon, subject to the system and unit operation constraints. Apart from determining the optimal output power of each unit, this research also involves in deciding the on/off status of thermal units. In order to find the optimal values of the variables, GA （genetic algorithm） is proposed. The algorithm performs efficiently in various sized thermal power system with equivalent wind, solar and PHES and can produce a high-quality solution. Simulation results reveal that with wind, solar and PHES the system is the most-cost effective than the other combinations.

Optimizing Geothermal Energy Resource

Unlike other types of renewable energy resources, geothermal energy provides a stable source of energy as it can be exploited regardless of meteorological conditions. Using organic cycle, geothermal energy can be utilized for power generation. In such systems, the heat is exchanged between the surrounding rock mass and transport fluid. Consequently, the temperature of extracted geofluid from the well decreases with the time in accordance with the working parameters. Those parameters includeenergy extraction rate, temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well, and the thermal conductivity of the ground. Current work, aims to develop a reliable computer model to specify the optimal working parameters so that the geofluid temperature will not reach a low value that is not acceptable for electricity generation, and the energy availability of geothermal resource is maximized. In the current study the ground thermal properties, the geothermal gradient and well dimensions are based on realistic data in Qatar and neighboring countries. The proposed model was developed for different heat extraction rate, different ground thermal properties, and for varied temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well. Simulation shows that selecting the optimal working parameters can increase the availability of geothermal resource significantly.

Energetic and Environmental Optimization of the Biomass Using

Biomass energy conversion can be done in several ways-combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation （biogas production）. Each of these technologies has certain advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of energy generation for final consumption. In parallel, each of them has certain environmental impact in terms of emissions. The proposed EU directive prefers utilization of primary energy sources by application of highly efficient co-generation. Such change in assessment of energy effectiveness also means a completely new approach in assessment of current technologies. This report presents a guide for optimization of biomass energy conversion technologies assuming application of this new condition and minimal environmental impact. Specific values of emissions from particular technologies are used for the evaluation.

Role of Wind Power in Energy Development in China

In recent years,China has made significant achievements in optimizing its energy structure and tapping into renewable energy.Wind power,in particular,has been doubled in its development year by year between 2005-2009.However,wind power develops too fast,which is not harmonious with the power system,the industry structure and the policy mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to find the fundamental causes for the issue.Based on the inherent features and practical issues of wind power development in China,the role of wind power in energy development is put forward through probing logically into three perspectives,i.e.energy utilization,energy development and the ultimate objectives of wind power development.The current wind power development should be grounded on the improvement of wind power industrialization system,the smart grid and the research on new energy storage technology so as to lay firm foundations for large-scale development of wind power in the future.

An approach for evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion planning

We propose a new robust optimization approach to evaluate the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion planning （TEP）. The objective function of TEP is composed of the investment cost of the transmission line and the operating cost of conventional generators. A method to select suitable scenarios representing the intermittent renewable energy generation and loads is proposed to obtain robust expansion planning for all possible scenarios. A meta-heuristic algorithm called adaptive tabu search （ATS） is employed in the proposed TEE ATS iterates between the main problem, which minimizes the investment and operating costs, and the subproblem, which minimizes the cost of power generation from conventional generators and curtailments of renewable energy generation and loads. The subproblem is solved by nonlinear programming （NLP） based on an interior point method. Moreover, the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP was evaluated by comparing expansion planning with and without consideration of a renewable energy source. The IEEE Reliability Test System 79 （RTS 79） was used for testing the proposed method and evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP. The results show that the proposed robust optimization approach provides a more robust solution than other methods and that the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP should bc considered.

Theory of optimal harvesting for a nonlinear size-structured population in periodic environments

This paper investigates the theoretical aspects for an optimal harvesting problem of a nonlinear size-structured population model in a periodic environment. We establish the well-posedness of the state system by means of frozen coefficients and fixed point reasoning. The existence of a unique optimal policy is proved via Ekeland＇s variational principle, and the first-order optimality conditions are derived by a suitable normM cone and a dual system. The results obtained would be beneficial for exploration of renewable

Optimal Hybrid Power System Using Renewables for a Household in the UK

The aim of this study is to find an optimal design for a distributed hybrid renewable energy system(HRES) for a residential house in the UK. The hybrid system, which consists of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator, batteries and converters, is designed to meet the known dynamic electrical load of the house and make use of renewable energy resources available locally. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables(HOMER) software is used for this study. Different combinations of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator and batteries are evaluated and compared using the NPC(Net Present Cost) method to find the optimal solutions. The HRES is modeled, simulated and optimized using HOMER. The results showed that the wind-biodiesel engine-battery system was the best with the lowest NPC(USD 60254) and the lowest COE(Cost of Energy, USD 0.548/k Wh) while the second best system added PV arrays. This study gives evidence of the key contribution wind turbines make to HRES due to abundant wind resources in the UK, especially in Wales.