The experimental study was carried out to optimize the nozzle shape and dimension for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle. A bench scale unit of ceramic filter consisting of four commercial filter elements w...The experimental study was carried out to optimize the nozzle shape and dimension for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle. A bench scale unit of ceramic filter consisting of four commercial filter elements was used to measure the traces of the transient pressure around the nozzle and the overpressure in the filter cavity during the pulse-jet injection of pulse gas. Overpressure in the filter cavity is related to the pulse cleaning force. Nozzle design is concerned to increase the overpressure at the open end of filter element of pulse cleaning inlet, as well as to minimize the consumption of pulse gas. Convergent nozzle induces more secondary flow and generates higher pulse cleaning effect than straight nozzle. Nozzles of different convergent ratio （ratio of outlet to inlet diameter of nozzle） by changing the convergent angle and height were tested. The outlet diameter of convergent nozzle seriously influences the cleaning effect. The optimum convergent ratio increases with the increase of pulse gas pressure The nozzle position （distance of nozzle tip from the open end of filter inlet） is also important to decide the nozzle dimension. Nozzle of large outlet diameter accepts high pressure of pulse gas to provide large overpressure in the filter cavity of top position by applying long distance.展开更多
Solar energy is one of clean energies which has the most development and application prospect. And solar photovoltaic industry is the main force foe the development of new energy industry. This paper points out the ob...Solar energy is one of clean energies which has the most development and application prospect. And solar photovoltaic industry is the main force foe the development of new energy industry. This paper points out the obstacles which improves the international competitiveness of China＇ s photovoltaic industry based on the analysis of the three big indexes, namely the international competitiveness of photovoltaic industry IMS, TCD and RCI, and proposes the suggestion which enhances the competitive advantage of China＇ s solar photovoltaic industry.展开更多
Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely ...Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely available software tool developed by the Canadian Government which can be used to develop energy baselines of clean energy technologies. Using curve-fitting and statistical methods like CUSUM, the software can combine actual energy performance with near real time weather information from NASA. We developed a method to simulate the performance of a GSHP （ground source heat pump）. The three distinct energy zones involve heating, no-energy, and cooling. RETScreen Plus methodology is used to develop curve fits for each distinct zone as it builds a correlation with NASA satellite data. The model then factors the impact of ICT （information and control technologies） as a means to improve and lower the building＇s energy consumption. Two values of COP （coefficient of performance） are used--the first is a standard ICT COP, while the second is an improved ICT COP with a smart controller. This methodology can then be expanded to incorporate current and future smart meter technologies, time of use rates, energy price signals, demand response and electricity storage options. In summary, this methodology enables a building owner or energy conservation official to quickly and accurately determine the baseline energy for a building and the potential impacts of smart ICT technologies, especially for buildings equipped with GSHP technologies.展开更多
A solution of the optimization garbage removal problem in the large cities is suggested. In this paper there is described a system architecture to find time-optimal dynamic route for garbage trucks within ＂Smart Clea...A solution of the optimization garbage removal problem in the large cities is suggested. In this paper there is described a system architecture to find time-optimal dynamic route for garbage trucks within ＂Smart Clean City＂ project which unites an approach to put special electronic devices on the garbage containers with the developed software responsible for the detecting the filled up containers and building the optimal way to collect the garbage. There is proposed a formal mathematical model of the task of dynamic optimal route and formal the optimization criterion for time-optimal garbage collection of all waste from landfills. The system includes the knowledge base which contains the rule describing the expert knowledge of the city traffic situation.展开更多
For smooth optimization problem with equMity constraints, new continuously differentiable penalty function is derived. It is proved exact in the sense that local optimizers of a nonlinear program are precisely the opt...For smooth optimization problem with equMity constraints, new continuously differentiable penalty function is derived. It is proved exact in the sense that local optimizers of a nonlinear program are precisely the optimizers of the associated penalty function under some nondegeneracy assumption. It is simple in the sense that the penalty function only includes the objective function and constrained functions, and it doesn＇t include their gradients. This is achieved by augmenting the dimension of the program by a variable that controls the weight of the penalty terms.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （50411140527） and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation.
文摘The experimental study was carried out to optimize the nozzle shape and dimension for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle. A bench scale unit of ceramic filter consisting of four commercial filter elements was used to measure the traces of the transient pressure around the nozzle and the overpressure in the filter cavity during the pulse-jet injection of pulse gas. Overpressure in the filter cavity is related to the pulse cleaning force. Nozzle design is concerned to increase the overpressure at the open end of filter element of pulse cleaning inlet, as well as to minimize the consumption of pulse gas. Convergent nozzle induces more secondary flow and generates higher pulse cleaning effect than straight nozzle. Nozzles of different convergent ratio （ratio of outlet to inlet diameter of nozzle） by changing the convergent angle and height were tested. The outlet diameter of convergent nozzle seriously influences the cleaning effect. The optimum convergent ratio increases with the increase of pulse gas pressure The nozzle position （distance of nozzle tip from the open end of filter inlet） is also important to decide the nozzle dimension. Nozzle of large outlet diameter accepts high pressure of pulse gas to provide large overpressure in the filter cavity of top position by applying long distance.
文摘Solar energy is one of clean energies which has the most development and application prospect. And solar photovoltaic industry is the main force foe the development of new energy industry. This paper points out the obstacles which improves the international competitiveness of China＇ s photovoltaic industry based on the analysis of the three big indexes, namely the international competitiveness of photovoltaic industry IMS, TCD and RCI, and proposes the suggestion which enhances the competitive advantage of China＇ s solar photovoltaic industry.
文摘Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely available software tool developed by the Canadian Government which can be used to develop energy baselines of clean energy technologies. Using curve-fitting and statistical methods like CUSUM, the software can combine actual energy performance with near real time weather information from NASA. We developed a method to simulate the performance of a GSHP （ground source heat pump）. The three distinct energy zones involve heating, no-energy, and cooling. RETScreen Plus methodology is used to develop curve fits for each distinct zone as it builds a correlation with NASA satellite data. The model then factors the impact of ICT （information and control technologies） as a means to improve and lower the building＇s energy consumption. Two values of COP （coefficient of performance） are used--the first is a standard ICT COP, while the second is an improved ICT COP with a smart controller. This methodology can then be expanded to incorporate current and future smart meter technologies, time of use rates, energy price signals, demand response and electricity storage options. In summary, this methodology enables a building owner or energy conservation official to quickly and accurately determine the baseline energy for a building and the potential impacts of smart ICT technologies, especially for buildings equipped with GSHP technologies.
文摘A solution of the optimization garbage removal problem in the large cities is suggested. In this paper there is described a system architecture to find time-optimal dynamic route for garbage trucks within ＂Smart Clean City＂ project which unites an approach to put special electronic devices on the garbage containers with the developed software responsible for the detecting the filled up containers and building the optimal way to collect the garbage. There is proposed a formal mathematical model of the task of dynamic optimal route and formal the optimization criterion for time-optimal garbage collection of all waste from landfills. The system includes the knowledge base which contains the rule describing the expert knowledge of the city traffic situation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10971118the Science foundation of Shandong Province(J10LG04)
文摘For smooth optimization problem with equMity constraints, new continuously differentiable penalty function is derived. It is proved exact in the sense that local optimizers of a nonlinear program are precisely the optimizers of the associated penalty function under some nondegeneracy assumption. It is simple in the sense that the penalty function only includes the objective function and constrained functions, and it doesn＇t include their gradients. This is achieved by augmenting the dimension of the program by a variable that controls the weight of the penalty terms.
