Cordyceps ophioglossoides is a valuable traditional medicinal material.We have found that intracellular polysaccharide(IPS) is the major biologically active ingredient in Cordyceps ophioglossoides.This study is the fi...Cordyceps ophioglossoides is a valuable traditional medicinal material.We have found that intracellular polysaccharide(IPS) is the major biologically active ingredient in Cordyceps ophioglossoides.This study is the first time to optimize the yield of IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides.The optimal medium for IPS production consists of glucose 54.50 g·L·1,yeast powder 25.50 g·L·1,NaH2PO4 0.4 g·L·1 and K2HPO4 0.4 g·L·1.The suggested culture conditions are 24 ℃,initial pH 4.5 with a rotary speed of 120 r·min·1 for 168 h.The yield of IPS is 737.93 mg·L·1,which is 50% higher than the yield under the conditions prior to optimization.The anti-oxidative activities of IPS in Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 are also characterized using various in vitro assay.The anti-oxidative activity may explain the reason why IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides can be used to fight against neurodegenerative dis-eases and menopausal symptoms.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimized and established the regeneration system of Moringa oleifera and provided foundation for its rapid propagation and further research. [Method] Tissue culture techniques and large sca...[Objective] The aim was to optimized and established the regeneration system of Moringa oleifera and provided foundation for its rapid propagation and further research. [Method] Tissue culture techniques and large scale micropropagation of M. oleifera were studied in this paper. By means of a series of experiments, we used the leaf of aseptic seedling from M. oleifera as explants to optimize and establish the regeneration system cultured in vitro by means of direct organogenesis. [Result] It was observed that using the fresh shelled M. oleifera seeds with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 6 minutes could reach the best disinfection effect. The seed germination rate was 85%. The leaf could produce cluster buds well using the medium with MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.05 mg/L NAA, while the best proliferation condition was under MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋KT 0.1 rag/L＋2, 4-D 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L. The best rooting induction culture medium was MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA, with the rooting rate as 100%. [Cenclusien] This protocol might find use in mass production of true- to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolisticmediated transformation.展开更多
An optimal medium （300 g·L^-1 initial glucose） comprising 6.3 mmol·L^-1 Mg2＋, 5.0 mmol·L^-1 Ca2＋, 15.0 g·L^-1 peptone and 21.5 g·L^-1 yeast extract was determined by uniform design to impr...An optimal medium （300 g·L^-1 initial glucose） comprising 6.3 mmol·L^-1 Mg2＋, 5.0 mmol·L^-1 Ca2＋, 15.0 g·L^-1 peptone and 21.5 g·L^-1 yeast extract was determined by uniform design to improve very high gravity （VHG） ethanol fermentation, showing over 30% increase in final ethanol （from 13.1% to 17.1%, by volume）, 29% decrease in fermentation time （from 84 to 60 h）, 80% increase in biomass formation and 26% increase in glucose utilization. Experiments also revealed physiological aspects linked to the fermentation enhancements. Compared to the control, trehalose in the cells grown in optimal fermentation medium increased 17.9-, 2.8-, 1.9-, 1.8- and 1.9-fold at the fermentation time of 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h, respectively. Its sharp rise at the early stage of fermentation when there was a considerable osmotic stress suggested that trehalose played an important role in promoting fermentation. Meanwhile, at the identical five fermentation time, the plasma membrane ATPase activity of the cells grown in optimal medium was 2.3, 1.8, 1.6, 1.5 and 1.3 times that of the control, respectively. Their disparities in enzymatic activity became wider when the glucose levels were dramatically changed for ethanol production, suggesting this enzyme also contributed to the fermentation improvements. Thus, medium optimization for VHG ethanol fermentation was found to trigger the increased yeast trehalose accumulation and plasma membrane ATPase activity.展开更多
In this research the results of studies on optimization of alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformis are reported. The parameters, which were taken into consideration, are pH, temperature, time course of ...In this research the results of studies on optimization of alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformis are reported. The parameters, which were taken into consideration, are pH, temperature, time course of enzyme production, stirring rate and kinetics parameters. The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources in culture medium compound on enzyme production was also considered The result of optimization revealed that maximum protease production was obtained at 37 ℃, pH equivalent tol 0.0 and with 150 rpm will occur after 72 hours. By comparing the effect of 5 carbon sources （maltose, glucose, starch, casein and lactose） in enzyme production, it has been known that using lactose will increase about 1.5 times enzyme production, compared to condition in which maltose is used. The result of studies on the effect of five nitrogen sources （i.e., peptone, tryptone, ammonium sulfate, urea and corn steep liquor） shows that corn steep liqour increases enzyme production more than others, while peptone can also be considered as a good nitrogen source; but, ammonium sulfate and urea reduce enzyme production considerably. It was concluded that protease production occurs in the stationary phase of growth. Studying the kinetics parameters resulted that the best model for the enzyme above is Lineweaver-Burk model according to which Km is 0.64 mmol and Vmax is 88 lamol/min.展开更多
NaA zeolite membranes were prepared by secondary growth method on the outer surface of α-Al2O3 hollow fiber supports. Vacuum seeding method was used for planting zeolite seeds on the support surfaces. Hydrothermal cr...NaA zeolite membranes were prepared by secondary growth method on the outer surface of α-Al2O3 hollow fiber supports. Vacuum seeding method was used for planting zeolite seeds on the support surfaces. Hydrothermal crystallization was then carried out in a synthesis solution with molar ratio of Al2O3：SiO2：Na2O：H2O = 1：2：2：120 at 100 ℃ for 4 h. Effects of seeding conditions on preparation of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes were extensively investigated. Moreover, hollow fiber membrane modules with packing membrane areas of ca. 0.1 and 0.2 m2 were fabricated to separate ethanol/water mixture. It is found that the thickness of seed layer is obviously affected by seed suspension concentration, coating time and vacuum degree. Close-packing seed layer is required to obtain high-quality membranes. The optimized seeding conditions （seed suspension mass concentration of 0.5%-0.7% coating time of 5 s and vacuum degree of 10 kPa） lead to dense NaA zeolite layer with a thickness of 6-8 gin. Typically, an as-synthesized hollow fiber NaA zeolite membrane exhibits good pervaporation performance with a permeation flux of 7.02 kg· m^- 2· h^- 1 and separation factor 〉 10000 for sepa- ration of 90%; （by mass） ethanol/water mixture at 75 ℃ High reproducibility has been achieved for batch-scale production of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes by the hydrothermal synthesis approach.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed...This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 min with （0%, 2%, 4% or 6%） NaOCI and were germinated on MS medium with 2 mg/L GA3. Seedlings and mature fruits were used as explants source. The placenta, pericarp, hypocotyls, cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kinetin （0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） and IAA （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） in different combinations or NAA or 2,4-D （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L）. Callus fresh weight was recorded after 4 weeks in culture. The results showed that the best sterilizing method was with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 mints with （4% or 6%） NaOCI, however 6% NaOCI reduced seed＇s viability. Callus was induced from all explants cultured on MS media supplemented with IAA and Kinetin except the placenta and the pericarp. The results showed that the hypocotyls surpass all other explants in the mean callus fresh weight which was 160.58 mg compared with 147.81 mg, 134.95 mg, and 122.33 mg for cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots respectively. Moreover the analysis of the interaction between the growth regulators and the explants showed that 2 mg/L IAA and Kinetin had significant effect on callus mean fresh weight which was （309.74, 339.14, 358.48, and 284.64） mg for the shoot tips, cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls and roots, respectively. On the other hand, 2 mg/L 2,4-D or NAA was the best concentration for callus induction from the placenta and the pericarp. The pericarp gave a mean fresh weight of 276.90 mg in the presence of 2,4-D compared with 253.60 mg for the placenta. Moreover the pericarps gave significantly higher fresh weight than the placenta with an average of 210.3mg and 184.9 mg respectively in the presence of 2 mg/L NAA. In conclusion the best sterilization method of chilli pepper seeds is by 70% ethanol for one minute followed by 20 min in 4% （NaOCI）. The best explants for callus induction only is the Hypocotyls grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L oflAA and Kinetin under the conditions of the current experiment.展开更多
Curriculum system construction is the core of talent training plan and the key to school operations.This article carried on a more in-depth study and discussion to biological curriculum system construction project,des...Curriculum system construction is the core of talent training plan and the key to school operations.This article carried on a more in-depth study and discussion to biological curriculum system construction project,described the four aspects characteristics of the curriculum,and discussed in the course of system integration, comprehensive and updated curriculum, bilingual education and the strengthening of the four areas to carry out comprehensive, innovative experiments.展开更多
We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correc...We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, hut also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building, elegant camt^us culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2007AA021506)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (R207609)the Research Project of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,China (2005C23027)
文摘Cordyceps ophioglossoides is a valuable traditional medicinal material.We have found that intracellular polysaccharide(IPS) is the major biologically active ingredient in Cordyceps ophioglossoides.This study is the first time to optimize the yield of IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides.The optimal medium for IPS production consists of glucose 54.50 g·L·1,yeast powder 25.50 g·L·1,NaH2PO4 0.4 g·L·1 and K2HPO4 0.4 g·L·1.The suggested culture conditions are 24 ℃,initial pH 4.5 with a rotary speed of 120 r·min·1 for 168 h.The yield of IPS is 737.93 mg·L·1,which is 50% higher than the yield under the conditions prior to optimization.The anti-oxidative activities of IPS in Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 are also characterized using various in vitro assay.The anti-oxidative activity may explain the reason why IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides can be used to fight against neurodegenerative dis-eases and menopausal symptoms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21165008)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimized and established the regeneration system of Moringa oleifera and provided foundation for its rapid propagation and further research. [Method] Tissue culture techniques and large scale micropropagation of M. oleifera were studied in this paper. By means of a series of experiments, we used the leaf of aseptic seedling from M. oleifera as explants to optimize and establish the regeneration system cultured in vitro by means of direct organogenesis. [Result] It was observed that using the fresh shelled M. oleifera seeds with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 6 minutes could reach the best disinfection effect. The seed germination rate was 85%. The leaf could produce cluster buds well using the medium with MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.05 mg/L NAA, while the best proliferation condition was under MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋KT 0.1 rag/L＋2, 4-D 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L. The best rooting induction culture medium was MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA, with the rooting rate as 100%. [Cenclusien] This protocol might find use in mass production of true- to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolisticmediated transformation.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （E0810018）
文摘An optimal medium （300 g·L^-1 initial glucose） comprising 6.3 mmol·L^-1 Mg2＋, 5.0 mmol·L^-1 Ca2＋, 15.0 g·L^-1 peptone and 21.5 g·L^-1 yeast extract was determined by uniform design to improve very high gravity （VHG） ethanol fermentation, showing over 30% increase in final ethanol （from 13.1% to 17.1%, by volume）, 29% decrease in fermentation time （from 84 to 60 h）, 80% increase in biomass formation and 26% increase in glucose utilization. Experiments also revealed physiological aspects linked to the fermentation enhancements. Compared to the control, trehalose in the cells grown in optimal fermentation medium increased 17.9-, 2.8-, 1.9-, 1.8- and 1.9-fold at the fermentation time of 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h, respectively. Its sharp rise at the early stage of fermentation when there was a considerable osmotic stress suggested that trehalose played an important role in promoting fermentation. Meanwhile, at the identical five fermentation time, the plasma membrane ATPase activity of the cells grown in optimal medium was 2.3, 1.8, 1.6, 1.5 and 1.3 times that of the control, respectively. Their disparities in enzymatic activity became wider when the glucose levels were dramatically changed for ethanol production, suggesting this enzyme also contributed to the fermentation improvements. Thus, medium optimization for VHG ethanol fermentation was found to trigger the increased yeast trehalose accumulation and plasma membrane ATPase activity.
文摘In this research the results of studies on optimization of alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformis are reported. The parameters, which were taken into consideration, are pH, temperature, time course of enzyme production, stirring rate and kinetics parameters. The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources in culture medium compound on enzyme production was also considered The result of optimization revealed that maximum protease production was obtained at 37 ℃, pH equivalent tol 0.0 and with 150 rpm will occur after 72 hours. By comparing the effect of 5 carbon sources （maltose, glucose, starch, casein and lactose） in enzyme production, it has been known that using lactose will increase about 1.5 times enzyme production, compared to condition in which maltose is used. The result of studies on the effect of five nitrogen sources （i.e., peptone, tryptone, ammonium sulfate, urea and corn steep liquor） shows that corn steep liqour increases enzyme production more than others, while peptone can also be considered as a good nitrogen source; but, ammonium sulfate and urea reduce enzyme production considerably. It was concluded that protease production occurs in the stationary phase of growth. Studying the kinetics parameters resulted that the best model for the enzyme above is Lineweaver-Burk model according to which Km is 0.64 mmol and Vmax is 88 lamol/min.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB623403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176117,21222602)+3 种基金the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(212060)the Outstanding Young Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK2012040)the"Six Top Talents"of Jiangsu Province,the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(09KJA530002)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘NaA zeolite membranes were prepared by secondary growth method on the outer surface of α-Al2O3 hollow fiber supports. Vacuum seeding method was used for planting zeolite seeds on the support surfaces. Hydrothermal crystallization was then carried out in a synthesis solution with molar ratio of Al2O3：SiO2：Na2O：H2O = 1：2：2：120 at 100 ℃ for 4 h. Effects of seeding conditions on preparation of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes were extensively investigated. Moreover, hollow fiber membrane modules with packing membrane areas of ca. 0.1 and 0.2 m2 were fabricated to separate ethanol/water mixture. It is found that the thickness of seed layer is obviously affected by seed suspension concentration, coating time and vacuum degree. Close-packing seed layer is required to obtain high-quality membranes. The optimized seeding conditions （seed suspension mass concentration of 0.5%-0.7% coating time of 5 s and vacuum degree of 10 kPa） lead to dense NaA zeolite layer with a thickness of 6-8 gin. Typically, an as-synthesized hollow fiber NaA zeolite membrane exhibits good pervaporation performance with a permeation flux of 7.02 kg· m^- 2· h^- 1 and separation factor 〉 10000 for sepa- ration of 90%; （by mass） ethanol/water mixture at 75 ℃ High reproducibility has been achieved for batch-scale production of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes by the hydrothermal synthesis approach.
文摘This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 min with （0%, 2%, 4% or 6%） NaOCI and were germinated on MS medium with 2 mg/L GA3. Seedlings and mature fruits were used as explants source. The placenta, pericarp, hypocotyls, cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kinetin （0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） and IAA （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） in different combinations or NAA or 2,4-D （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L）. Callus fresh weight was recorded after 4 weeks in culture. The results showed that the best sterilizing method was with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 mints with （4% or 6%） NaOCI, however 6% NaOCI reduced seed＇s viability. Callus was induced from all explants cultured on MS media supplemented with IAA and Kinetin except the placenta and the pericarp. The results showed that the hypocotyls surpass all other explants in the mean callus fresh weight which was 160.58 mg compared with 147.81 mg, 134.95 mg, and 122.33 mg for cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots respectively. Moreover the analysis of the interaction between the growth regulators and the explants showed that 2 mg/L IAA and Kinetin had significant effect on callus mean fresh weight which was （309.74, 339.14, 358.48, and 284.64） mg for the shoot tips, cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls and roots, respectively. On the other hand, 2 mg/L 2,4-D or NAA was the best concentration for callus induction from the placenta and the pericarp. The pericarp gave a mean fresh weight of 276.90 mg in the presence of 2,4-D compared with 253.60 mg for the placenta. Moreover the pericarps gave significantly higher fresh weight than the placenta with an average of 210.3mg and 184.9 mg respectively in the presence of 2 mg/L NAA. In conclusion the best sterilization method of chilli pepper seeds is by 70% ethanol for one minute followed by 20 min in 4% （NaOCI）. The best explants for callus induction only is the Hypocotyls grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L oflAA and Kinetin under the conditions of the current experiment.
文摘Curriculum system construction is the core of talent training plan and the key to school operations.This article carried on a more in-depth study and discussion to biological curriculum system construction project,described the four aspects characteristics of the curriculum,and discussed in the course of system integration, comprehensive and updated curriculum, bilingual education and the strengthening of the four areas to carry out comprehensive, innovative experiments.
文摘We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, hut also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building, elegant camt^us culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.
