论斯巴达人的优生思想及其实践

古希腊斯巴达人是古代世界最重视优生的民族 ,在历史上有重要影响。其婚姻观与生育观完全以优生为前提 :认识到遗传的重要性 ,从改良人种做起 ;对婴儿实行严格的筛选 ,留优去劣 ;对青少年施以严格训练 ;其婚姻生活 (性生活 )也有利于优生。追求健美 ,崇尚武力 ,谋求霸权 ,奉行国家至上主义 。

试论优生学史的发展分期问题

优生学的提出,到现在正好是100周年。它走过的道路很不平坦,人们认识它也有个曲折的过程。今天,“优生”已成为我国人口政策的一个重要组成部分,如何正确而全面地评价优生学和优生运动,是一个有迫切现实意义的问题。笔者从历史的角度将优生学的发展划分为三个阶段:前科学阶段、半科学阶段和科学阶段,下面对这三个阶段分别加以具体的历史考察。

Is Greening the Building Envelope a Sustainable Design Practice？

Nowadays, the number of products and also of architectural projects, qualified as ＂sustainable＂, is ever more growing. Following this trend, architectural design may exploit the use of （eco） materials and components to promote a project as sustainable even without considering its impact on the environment; This can be defined as architectural greenwash. This paper considers the case of green envelopes with the aim to evaluate if these can be defined as sustainable design practice. Green envelopes provide environmental advantages together with the suggestion to a green aesthetics par excellence. In fact, the integration of vegetation in urban fabric plays an important role in improving ecological and environmental conditions of （and in） cities, although systems can have a high environmental burden. This paper aims to answer the question： Is greening the building envelope a sustainable design practice？ To do so, the paper provides a literature review which includes the main research developed regarding environmental burden, benefits and LCA （life cycle assessment） calculations of green envelopes.

试论古希腊斯巴达人的人口优生行为及其影响

历史上,人口优生实践可追溯到公元前六世纪。位于巴尔千半岛的南希腊建立了贵族寡头政权,出于军事统治的需要,斯巴达人执行了类似行政方式的人口优生行为,用来提高统治阶层的身体素质。这一行动在历史上具有广泛而深远的影响。