Adult male Tibetan(Macaca thibetana), Barbary(M. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques(M. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. Previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male i...Adult male Tibetan(Macaca thibetana), Barbary(M. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques(M. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. Previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male infants for this behavior, but its function is debated. Explanations include three hypotheses: paternal care, mating effort, and agonistic buffering. We studied a group of habituated, provisioned Tibetan macaques to test whether adult males' affiliative relationships with females predicted their use of an infant for bridging. We also examined biases for sex, age, and individual in males' choice of bridging infant. We collected data via all occurrences, focal animal, and scan methods, from August to September 2011 at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys, China. We found that male infants were significantly preferred over females for bridging, but of three male infants in the group, only one was used by all males, while one male infant was used less often than expected. Adult males had females they were significantly more likely to be proximate to and/or to groom, but these corresponded to the mother of the bridging infant for only one male. Our results are most consistent with the agonistic buffering hypothesis: lower-ranked males used the alpha male's preferred bridging infant in an attempt to regulate their interactions with the alpha.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between CCII （Centro Cultura Innovativa d＇Impresa） of University of Salento and Apphia s...The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between CCII （Centro Cultura Innovativa d＇Impresa） of University of Salento and Apphia s.r.l.. This paper will focus on the results of the core of the OBSS （on board stability system） module that, starting from the exact 3D geometry of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, the distribution of all weights onboard and the data acquired by the system, calculates ship floating conditions （in draught, heel and trim）. The proposed approach is based on geometry meshes represented by an universally accepted file format （named OBJ） first developed by Wavefront Technologies. Demonstration of the validity of the results is done by the authors using as hull model a simple rectangular box.展开更多
The paper focuses on an attempt to answer questions concerning domestic violence in accordance with the epistemology in contemporary scientific research. The phenomenology of violence is defined with respect to the su...The paper focuses on an attempt to answer questions concerning domestic violence in accordance with the epistemology in contemporary scientific research. The phenomenology of violence is defined with respect to the superficial as well as the essential side of the phenomena. The problems are covered with respect to interdisciplinary relations. We endeavor to open a broader view. The underlying research represents an alternative approach, attempting to reach a cumulative view based on the data acquired from various contexts. In social science research, it is important to look at the social reality not only through the numbers of quantitative research, because social reality is constructed in various ways. The issues of elimination of violence against women in Slovakia are entrenched in the program of various institutions. Based on the performed analysis, inconsistencies in the approach to providing assistance are identified as the most important problem. The paper deals with the institutional issues persisting in dealing with situations and identifies the fundamental failures of social intervention that still exist, among other reasons, due to the stereotypical, discriminatory perceptions of the issues by the competency.展开更多
Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a...Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.展开更多
Since the US took the lead in the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） negotiations, the Asia-Pacific region has witnessed a growing trend in the ＂highlevel＂ and ＂high-standard＂ regional cooperation. Based on a thoro...Since the US took the lead in the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） negotiations, the Asia-Pacific region has witnessed a growing trend in the ＂highlevel＂ and ＂high-standard＂ regional cooperation. Based on a thorough analysis of the underlying causes of mechanism division, this paper argues that division may not necessarily lead to antagonism, and that favorable conditions have been created in the operation and interaction between TPP and ＂10 ＋ N.＂ It further proposes some possible and practical ways that China should follow to achieve better co- patibility and cooperation with other countries in the region, thus promoting com- mon development.展开更多
基金supported by grants from CWU’s Office of Graduate Studies and Researchthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970414&31172106)the National Science Foundation(OISE-1065589)
文摘Adult male Tibetan(Macaca thibetana), Barbary(M. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques(M. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. Previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male infants for this behavior, but its function is debated. Explanations include three hypotheses: paternal care, mating effort, and agonistic buffering. We studied a group of habituated, provisioned Tibetan macaques to test whether adult males' affiliative relationships with females predicted their use of an infant for bridging. We also examined biases for sex, age, and individual in males' choice of bridging infant. We collected data via all occurrences, focal animal, and scan methods, from August to September 2011 at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys, China. We found that male infants were significantly preferred over females for bridging, but of three male infants in the group, only one was used by all males, while one male infant was used less often than expected. Adult males had females they were significantly more likely to be proximate to and/or to groom, but these corresponded to the mother of the bridging infant for only one male. Our results are most consistent with the agonistic buffering hypothesis: lower-ranked males used the alpha male's preferred bridging infant in an attempt to regulate their interactions with the alpha.
文摘The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between CCII （Centro Cultura Innovativa d＇Impresa） of University of Salento and Apphia s.r.l.. This paper will focus on the results of the core of the OBSS （on board stability system） module that, starting from the exact 3D geometry of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, the distribution of all weights onboard and the data acquired by the system, calculates ship floating conditions （in draught, heel and trim）. The proposed approach is based on geometry meshes represented by an universally accepted file format （named OBJ） first developed by Wavefront Technologies. Demonstration of the validity of the results is done by the authors using as hull model a simple rectangular box.
文摘The paper focuses on an attempt to answer questions concerning domestic violence in accordance with the epistemology in contemporary scientific research. The phenomenology of violence is defined with respect to the superficial as well as the essential side of the phenomena. The problems are covered with respect to interdisciplinary relations. We endeavor to open a broader view. The underlying research represents an alternative approach, attempting to reach a cumulative view based on the data acquired from various contexts. In social science research, it is important to look at the social reality not only through the numbers of quantitative research, because social reality is constructed in various ways. The issues of elimination of violence against women in Slovakia are entrenched in the program of various institutions. Based on the performed analysis, inconsistencies in the approach to providing assistance are identified as the most important problem. The paper deals with the institutional issues persisting in dealing with situations and identifies the fundamental failures of social intervention that still exist, among other reasons, due to the stereotypical, discriminatory perceptions of the issues by the competency.
文摘Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.
文摘Since the US took the lead in the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） negotiations, the Asia-Pacific region has witnessed a growing trend in the ＂highlevel＂ and ＂high-standard＂ regional cooperation. Based on a thorough analysis of the underlying causes of mechanism division, this paper argues that division may not necessarily lead to antagonism, and that favorable conditions have been created in the operation and interaction between TPP and ＂10 ＋ N.＂ It further proposes some possible and practical ways that China should follow to achieve better co- patibility and cooperation with other countries in the region, thus promoting com- mon development.
