《唐会要》的成书及改作析因

会要体虽为苏冕首创,但却由王溥总其成。王溥在苏冕《会要》、崔铉《续会要》的基础上,重新补充、编排材料,整齐体例,是为今本《唐会要》。目前学界皆认可苏冕对会要的发凡之功,却忽略了王溥的再造之实。因此,拟就《唐会要》编撰的社会成因,以及王溥对前人会要的改作情况略作分析,以说明王溥对会要史体的最终确立所做出的巨大贡献。

王溥生平履历考

王溥是五代时期重要政治家、史学家之一,同时也是一位颇具争议性的人物。他出生官宦之家,才华横溢,少年得志,历事四朝,且权居高位。他主持撰修《周世宗实录》,续编《唐会要》,编撰《五代会要》。这对研究唐、五代历史具有极高的史料价值。

唐五代王溥考辨与述评

本文对唐五代时期名叫王溥的三个人的字号、籍贯进行了考辨,并对他们的身 世,尤其是并州祁人王溥的生平与史学成就做了简单的介绍与评论。

Environmental Risks in China and Their Countermeasures

The 13th Five-year Plan period （2016-2020） is a crucial period for environmental protection in China and represents the last chance for the achievement of the environmental objective under the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round manner. During this period of time, China＇ s environment is confronted with the following major risks： risks of environmental quality, human health, ecological security, balanced regional development and international influence. The overall conclusion is that the tendencies of changing eco-environment are complex, problems remain outstanding, and some risks have abated while others have intensified with possible improvements in the future. Future prospects mainly depend on the intensity of actions taken. It is suggested that environmental protection strategy of＂overall optimization＂ be adopted for the 13th Five-year Plan period, i.e. environmental protection requirements should be incorporated into political, economic, social and cultural spheres, so that these areas with major influence on the natural environment will improve and transform towards an environmentally friendly direction and ultimately help achieve the objective of improving eco-environment and people＇s welfare. In order to fundamentally reverse mainstream understanding on environmental protection, it is suggested to define the ＂contradiction between environmental pressures arising from growing economic development and China ＇ s limited and fragile environmental capacity＂ as a major contradiction of Chinese society.

Value Generation through Integrated Teams： A Socio-Cognitive Approach

Value generation is defined as meeting client requirements while minimizing waste. Researchers concur on the issues related to sequential design in handling client requirements, and suggest the use of an integrated design approach as an alternative. Little has been said, however, about the impact of adopting integrated design＇s work organization to traditional design practice, processes and tools, nor about the importance of breaking down socio-cognitive barriers related to mental model fragmentation between design professionals, clients and users. This may result in cognitive inertia, a major source of waste. The objective of this research is to develop and test the introduction of boundary objects, such as new technologies, to the context of integrated teams and organizations to break the cognitive inertia that hinders value generation. The research is conclusive about the effectiveness of using boundary objects to transform practices in construction. This research also contributes to a better understanding of the new purposes of construction projects by framing its context and process dimensions within a theoretical framework, as well as to the evolution of practices in construction - and of practices that could be applicable to other fields.

《唐会要》版本考略

《唐会要》是现存最早的会要体史书,是研究唐史,特别是研究玄宗天宝以后历史的重要典籍。该书是宋代王溥合唐代苏冕《会要》、崔铉《续会要》并加上自己的补撰而形成的。宋代三种会要曾并行于世,很受人们的重视。但宋以后其命运多舛,《会要》、《续会要》相继失传,而《唐会要》从元明至清初一直未曾刊刻,仅靠抄本流传,且文字脱讹严重,甚至篇卷也有亡阙,大大影响了该书的使用价值。本文对其版本情况略作考察,重点论述阙卷的补入时间。

《图画见闻志》编纂研究

郭若虚在分析编年体与纪传体优势与缺陷的基础上,有机地把编年体与纪传体融合起来。结合当时新兴的会要体编纂结构,以类目为中心,按照共同属性排列相关史料。建立起一个既能够囊括大端、宏阔辽远的史学体系,又能够巨细必赅、细致精微的史书结构。还方便读者既能够从宏观高屋建瓴的角度把握书籍的整体脉络,又能够从显微镜般的微观视角剖析每一条史料。相较于《历代名画记》,《图画见闻志》体例最大的变化就是引入笔记体,笔记体灵活自如、率性而为的特点适合于宋代文人士大夫阶层的写作要求。笔记体具备保存遗闻轶事、补正史遗阙和相应的文献学价值。因此,《图画见闻志》编纂在中国美术史学史上占据着举足轻重的地位并产生不可忽视的影响。