The impacts of future climate change on streamflow of the Dongliao River Watershed located in Jilin Prov-ince, China have been evaluated quantitatively by using a general circulation model （HadCM3） coupled with the ...The impacts of future climate change on streamflow of the Dongliao River Watershed located in Jilin Prov-ince, China have been evaluated quantitatively by using a general circulation model （HadCM3） coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） hydrological model. The model was calibrated and validated against the historical monitored data from 2005 to 2009. The streamflow was estimated by downscaling HadCM3 outputs to the daily mean temperature and precipitation series, derived for three 30-year time slices, 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. Results suggest that daily mean temperature increases with a changing rate of 0.435~C per decade, and precipitation decreases with a changing rate of 0.761 mm per decade. Compared with other seasons, the precipitation in summer shows significant downward trend, while a significant upward trend in autumn. The annual streamflow demonstrates a general down-ward trend with a decreasing rate of 0.405 m^3/s per decade. The streamflow shows significant downward and upward trends in summer and in autumn, respectively. The decreasing rate of streamflow in summer reaches 1.97 m^3/s per decade, which contributes primarily to the decrease of streamflow. The results of this work would be of great benifit to the design of economic and social development planning in the study area.展开更多
Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network a...Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network and high data rate at the hot spots.However,it is not permissible to assign orthogonal pilot sequences for all the supported users due to the large number.Hence,we propose a pilot reduction scheme based on the heterogeneous system configurations and the unique topology of this HetNet.The reusing of pilot sequences causes the presence of the contaminated channel state information(CSI) and results in receivers' Quality of Service(QoS) outage.With the contaminated CSI,we provide an energy-efficient beamforming based on minimizing the total power consumption while keeping the QoS constraints satisfied and restricting the QoS outage probability below a given specification.By applying the approach of Bernstein approximation and semi-definite relaxation,we transform the original intractable chance constrained program to a convex problem conservatively.Numerical results show that the average power consumption of the proposed beamforming for our pilot reduction scheme is close to that of the perfect CSI case.Since our scheme will greatly compress the length of pilot sequence especially for those highly densified network with large number of small cells,it will be crucially helpful to put such two-tier massive multiple-input and multiple-output(MIMO) systems into practice.展开更多
A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spect...A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spectral problems, from which a Darboux transformation for the DSW equation is obtained through a reduction technique. As an application of the Darboux transformations, we give some explicit solutions of the generalized DSW equation and DEW equation such as rational solutions, soliton solutions, periodic solutions.展开更多
The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides ...The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.展开更多
Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation...Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.展开更多
Since ancient world, there are many strict rules on eating to show the difference between up class and low class, And in China there are also many rules to show that.
This paper describes the relation of accountant regulation and accountant behavior alienation through institutional economics. The creation and development of the accountant regulation are result that restrain account...This paper describes the relation of accountant regulation and accountant behavior alienation through institutional economics. The creation and development of the accountant regulation are result that restrain accountant behavior alienation, accountant behavior alienation is unceasing mutant after the development of accountant regulation.展开更多
Gala is the creation of a complex system of project, planning is one of the important aspect of its creation. Party theme is clear, determination of content, the party structure, artistic, rendering of the program, th...Gala is the creation of a complex system of project, planning is one of the important aspect of its creation. Party theme is clear, determination of content, the party structure, artistic, rendering of the program, the cast, in planning sessions are established. In the process of planning, we need use star advantage of media expansion strategy, and rely on government agencies, planning strategies such as beauty handsome effect to complete; system restructuring, backward thinking, and innovative methods such as the application of new technologies to accomplish the party＇s breakthrough innovation. But no matter what strategy is used, how, in the planning of cultural show, Planner is always the first factor, if there is no ＂planer＂ to participate in; party planning will be a problem. It is the use of planning methods and people are taking advantage of the above strategies, using the right kind of htunan way at the same time that complete party planning.展开更多
This issue presents a symposium held in Messina talking about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and associated spondyloarthropathies.The topic covers epidemiology and clinical manifestations of IBD-related arthropathies...This issue presents a symposium held in Messina talking about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and associated spondyloarthropathies.The topic covers epidemiology and clinical manifestations of IBD-related arthropathies, common genetic and immunologic features, combined therapies for gut and joint inflammation, and future biologic therapies etc.I believe this series of articles will deeply facilitate understanding of and the approach to IBD and associated arthropathies.展开更多
The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk o...The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk of predation） and disadvantages （competition between members of the herd） of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2009ZX07526-006-04-01)
文摘The impacts of future climate change on streamflow of the Dongliao River Watershed located in Jilin Prov-ince, China have been evaluated quantitatively by using a general circulation model （HadCM3） coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） hydrological model. The model was calibrated and validated against the historical monitored data from 2005 to 2009. The streamflow was estimated by downscaling HadCM3 outputs to the daily mean temperature and precipitation series, derived for three 30-year time slices, 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. Results suggest that daily mean temperature increases with a changing rate of 0.435~C per decade, and precipitation decreases with a changing rate of 0.761 mm per decade. Compared with other seasons, the precipitation in summer shows significant downward trend, while a significant upward trend in autumn. The annual streamflow demonstrates a general down-ward trend with a decreasing rate of 0.405 m^3/s per decade. The streamflow shows significant downward and upward trends in summer and in autumn, respectively. The decreasing rate of streamflow in summer reaches 1.97 m^3/s per decade, which contributes primarily to the decrease of streamflow. The results of this work would be of great benifit to the design of economic and social development planning in the study area.
基金supported in part by the "863" Program of China No. 2014AA01A704National Natural Science Foundation of China No.61171080
文摘Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network and high data rate at the hot spots.However,it is not permissible to assign orthogonal pilot sequences for all the supported users due to the large number.Hence,we propose a pilot reduction scheme based on the heterogeneous system configurations and the unique topology of this HetNet.The reusing of pilot sequences causes the presence of the contaminated channel state information(CSI) and results in receivers' Quality of Service(QoS) outage.With the contaminated CSI,we provide an energy-efficient beamforming based on minimizing the total power consumption while keeping the QoS constraints satisfied and restricting the QoS outage probability below a given specification.By applying the approach of Bernstein approximation and semi-definite relaxation,we transform the original intractable chance constrained program to a convex problem conservatively.Numerical results show that the average power consumption of the proposed beamforming for our pilot reduction scheme is close to that of the perfect CSI case.Since our scheme will greatly compress the length of pilot sequence especially for those highly densified network with large number of small cells,it will be crucially helpful to put such two-tier massive multiple-input and multiple-output(MIMO) systems into practice.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10871182Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province
文摘A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spectral problems, from which a Darboux transformation for the DSW equation is obtained through a reduction technique. As an application of the Darboux transformations, we give some explicit solutions of the generalized DSW equation and DEW equation such as rational solutions, soliton solutions, periodic solutions.
文摘The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.
文摘Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.
文摘Since ancient world, there are many strict rules on eating to show the difference between up class and low class, And in China there are also many rules to show that.
文摘This paper describes the relation of accountant regulation and accountant behavior alienation through institutional economics. The creation and development of the accountant regulation are result that restrain accountant behavior alienation, accountant behavior alienation is unceasing mutant after the development of accountant regulation.
文摘Gala is the creation of a complex system of project, planning is one of the important aspect of its creation. Party theme is clear, determination of content, the party structure, artistic, rendering of the program, the cast, in planning sessions are established. In the process of planning, we need use star advantage of media expansion strategy, and rely on government agencies, planning strategies such as beauty handsome effect to complete; system restructuring, backward thinking, and innovative methods such as the application of new technologies to accomplish the party＇s breakthrough innovation. But no matter what strategy is used, how, in the planning of cultural show, Planner is always the first factor, if there is no ＂planer＂ to participate in; party planning will be a problem. It is the use of planning methods and people are taking advantage of the above strategies, using the right kind of htunan way at the same time that complete party planning.
文摘This issue presents a symposium held in Messina talking about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and associated spondyloarthropathies.The topic covers epidemiology and clinical manifestations of IBD-related arthropathies, common genetic and immunologic features, combined therapies for gut and joint inflammation, and future biologic therapies etc.I believe this series of articles will deeply facilitate understanding of and the approach to IBD and associated arthropathies.
基金part of a "Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia" project (AGF99-0763-C02-02)funded by a grant (2001FI-00449)
文摘The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk of predation） and disadvantages （competition between members of the herd） of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions
