This paper reports on the choice made by listed Italian companies in their 2009 financial statements with respect to the option in International Accounting Standards （IAS） 1.81 concerning presentation of the stateme...This paper reports on the choice made by listed Italian companies in their 2009 financial statements with respect to the option in International Accounting Standards （IAS） 1.81 concerning presentation of the statement of comprehensive income. It is reported that most companies have chosen to use the two-statement option, and that there is some evidence that this choice is related to the size and sign of total Other Comprehensive Income （OCI）. On this latter point, the paper emphatically aims to contribute to the literature on accounting policy choice with respect to a similar option in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards [SFAS] 130. In addition, pro forma calculations on Return on Equity （ROE） and Earnings per Share （EPS） are presented that illustrate, in effect, the variation across companies in size and sign of OCI.展开更多
Non-profit organizations （NPOs） in Malaysia are not subjected to statutory requirement to follow the accounting standards when preparing their annual reports. This study analyzed the annual reports of 100 NPOs regis...Non-profit organizations （NPOs） in Malaysia are not subjected to statutory requirement to follow the accounting standards when preparing their annual reports. This study analyzed the annual reports of 100 NPOs registered with the Registry of Society （ROS） under the charity and religious categories. The objectives of this study are： （1） to determine the current state of reporting practices by NPOs; and （2） to describe the contents of a set of annual reports and the financial statement presentation of NPOs. This study found that there were variations in reporting practices among the charity and religious categories of NPOs. On average, the results show that NPOs do not focus on the disclosing information required by the ROS, the governing body of NPOs. This indicates that the regulators need to strongly practice enforcement to strengthen the compliance of the annual reports submission. Overall, the findings of this study provide useful information to regulators as a basis for preparing and presenting NPOs＇ annual report framework in the future.展开更多
The aim of this work is to analyze the critical issues related to stock options accounting granted to employees. Given the different ways to collect stock option plans, it follows that according to the accounting trea...The aim of this work is to analyze the critical issues related to stock options accounting granted to employees. Given the different ways to collect stock option plans, it follows that according to the accounting treatment adopted, it changes the financial reporting of stock option plans, and thus the information communicated to stakeholders and markets in general. The examination of the accounting treatment of stock options starts from the study of legal changes relating to the stock options and various criteria suggested will be presented for the evaluation of the options and for detection of their cost in the financial statements of companies （Guay, Kothari, ＆ Sloan, 2003）. After the analysis of international accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） on the subject, specifically the ＂IFRS 2＂, we can state that they had a strong impact on Italian companies （Ciampaglia, 2008）. The central aspect of the study, however, consists of an analysis of the market effects of accounting for the cost associated with the issuance of stock option plans （Cerri ＆ Sottoriva, 2010）. Budgeted costs relating to the adoption of stock option plans granted to employees change the measures of economic performance of the enterprise, such as return on investment （ROI） and return on equity （ROE）, with significant effects on the evaluation of the economic capital of the company. A company that does not account for costs related to stock option plans recorded a best exercise, but it could distort the valuation of fmancial analysts （Tagliavini, 2000）. Finally, it can be observed that the proper accounting of costs associated with stock options is a prerequisite for the comparability of financial statements of companies that grant, and it is therefore necessary to adequately reflect the value of the company.展开更多
This paper is of conceptual nature. The considerations are based on literature studies and empirical research carried out in 2009 and 2011 among the members of supervisory board in Polish public companies. The purpose...This paper is of conceptual nature. The considerations are based on literature studies and empirical research carried out in 2009 and 2011 among the members of supervisory board in Polish public companies. The purpose of this article is to present a new business reporting model extended by the supervisory board＇s reports. The part of this article, which is based on the literature research, clarifies the scope of modem business reporting, being a part of a company＇s information system. This article includes management commentary proposal prepared by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）. The authors proposed a supplement to the management commentary which is a global model of disclosures accompanying financial statements. According to the concept presented in this article, information prepared and disclosed by managers in financial statements and management commentaries are parts of a larger reporting system-corporate reporting supply chain. This paper mainly proposes an extension of a modem company＇s information system with a new channel of communication, such as supervisory board＇s reports. This article explains the role of a supervisory board associated with the conception. In the prepared conception, supervisory board becomes an active reviewer of management action. Moreover, it is also an active participant in the chain of corporate reports. Deliberations presented in this article are the voices in the debate on the shape of the modem business reporting.展开更多
文摘This paper reports on the choice made by listed Italian companies in their 2009 financial statements with respect to the option in International Accounting Standards （IAS） 1.81 concerning presentation of the statement of comprehensive income. It is reported that most companies have chosen to use the two-statement option, and that there is some evidence that this choice is related to the size and sign of total Other Comprehensive Income （OCI）. On this latter point, the paper emphatically aims to contribute to the literature on accounting policy choice with respect to a similar option in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards [SFAS] 130. In addition, pro forma calculations on Return on Equity （ROE） and Earnings per Share （EPS） are presented that illustrate, in effect, the variation across companies in size and sign of OCI.
文摘Non-profit organizations （NPOs） in Malaysia are not subjected to statutory requirement to follow the accounting standards when preparing their annual reports. This study analyzed the annual reports of 100 NPOs registered with the Registry of Society （ROS） under the charity and religious categories. The objectives of this study are： （1） to determine the current state of reporting practices by NPOs; and （2） to describe the contents of a set of annual reports and the financial statement presentation of NPOs. This study found that there were variations in reporting practices among the charity and religious categories of NPOs. On average, the results show that NPOs do not focus on the disclosing information required by the ROS, the governing body of NPOs. This indicates that the regulators need to strongly practice enforcement to strengthen the compliance of the annual reports submission. Overall, the findings of this study provide useful information to regulators as a basis for preparing and presenting NPOs＇ annual report framework in the future.
文摘The aim of this work is to analyze the critical issues related to stock options accounting granted to employees. Given the different ways to collect stock option plans, it follows that according to the accounting treatment adopted, it changes the financial reporting of stock option plans, and thus the information communicated to stakeholders and markets in general. The examination of the accounting treatment of stock options starts from the study of legal changes relating to the stock options and various criteria suggested will be presented for the evaluation of the options and for detection of their cost in the financial statements of companies （Guay, Kothari, ＆ Sloan, 2003）. After the analysis of international accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） on the subject, specifically the ＂IFRS 2＂, we can state that they had a strong impact on Italian companies （Ciampaglia, 2008）. The central aspect of the study, however, consists of an analysis of the market effects of accounting for the cost associated with the issuance of stock option plans （Cerri ＆ Sottoriva, 2010）. Budgeted costs relating to the adoption of stock option plans granted to employees change the measures of economic performance of the enterprise, such as return on investment （ROI） and return on equity （ROE）, with significant effects on the evaluation of the economic capital of the company. A company that does not account for costs related to stock option plans recorded a best exercise, but it could distort the valuation of fmancial analysts （Tagliavini, 2000）. Finally, it can be observed that the proper accounting of costs associated with stock options is a prerequisite for the comparability of financial statements of companies that grant, and it is therefore necessary to adequately reflect the value of the company.
文摘This paper is of conceptual nature. The considerations are based on literature studies and empirical research carried out in 2009 and 2011 among the members of supervisory board in Polish public companies. The purpose of this article is to present a new business reporting model extended by the supervisory board＇s reports. The part of this article, which is based on the literature research, clarifies the scope of modem business reporting, being a part of a company＇s information system. This article includes management commentary proposal prepared by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）. The authors proposed a supplement to the management commentary which is a global model of disclosures accompanying financial statements. According to the concept presented in this article, information prepared and disclosed by managers in financial statements and management commentaries are parts of a larger reporting system-corporate reporting supply chain. This paper mainly proposes an extension of a modem company＇s information system with a new channel of communication, such as supervisory board＇s reports. This article explains the role of a supervisory board associated with the conception. In the prepared conception, supervisory board becomes an active reviewer of management action. Moreover, it is also an active participant in the chain of corporate reports. Deliberations presented in this article are the voices in the debate on the shape of the modem business reporting.
