Petrography and geochemistry of the altered and unaltered host rocks surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite revealed that the unaltered amphibolite is mainly composed of hornblende, plagioclase, and ilmenite.Beyond t...Petrography and geochemistry of the altered and unaltered host rocks surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite revealed that the unaltered amphibolite is mainly composed of hornblende, plagioclase, and ilmenite.Beyond these primary components, the altered host rocks contain a few newly formed minerals, including biotite,tourmaline, chlorine, and muscovite. The alteration zone surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite is limited to 2.0 m, characterized by biotitization, tourmalization, and chloritization. In the altered host rocks, the contents of SiO2, MgO, MnO, Na2O, and TiO2 did not vary greatly.However, Al2O3 showed a weak decreasing trend with the increasing distance from the pegmatite contact zone, while Fe2O3 and CaO showed an increasing trend. The contents of Li, Rb, and Cs in the altered host rocks were much higher than those in the unaltered host rocks, decreasing with distance from the contact. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element（REE） pattern of the altered and unaltered host rock was right-inclined from La to Lu, but enriched in light REEs over heavy REEs after hydrothermal alteration. An isocon plot shows that some oxides migrated in with an order of P2O5〉K2O 〉TiO2〉Al2O3〉SiO2〉MnO≥MgO, while others migrated out with an order of Na2O 〉CaO 〉Fe2O3. For REEs, the migration ratios are positive values withCs 〉Rb 〉Li 〉Nb 〉Ta 〉Be, signifying that all REEs migrated from the exsolved magmatic fluid into the altered host rocks. It was concluded that diffusion was the only mechanism for migration of ore-forming elements in the alteration zone. The effective diffusion coefficients（Deff）of LiF, RbF, and CsF were estimated under a fluid temperature of 500–550℃. Using a function of concentration（C（x,t）） and distance（x）, the order of migration distance was determined to be LiF 〉CsF 〉RbF, with diffusion times of （3.39 ± 0.35）× 10^6,（3.19 ± 0.28） × 10^5 and（6.33 ± 0.05） × 10^5 years, respectively.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the implication of substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein in the resistance of HCV during mono-interferon (IFN) or combined IFN-ribavirin (IFN-R) therapy. Althou...AIM: To evaluate the implication of substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein in the resistance of HCV during mono-interferon (IFN) or combined IFN-ribavirin (IFN-R) therapy. Although NS5A has been reported to interact with the HCV RNA- dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B, as well as with many cellular proteins, the function of NS5A in the life cycle of HCV remains unclear. METHODS: HCV quasispecies were studied by clon- ing and sequencing of sequential isolates from patients infected by HCV genotype 1b. Patients were treated by IFN-α2b for 3 mo followed by IFN-α2b alone or com- bined IFN-R therapy for 9 additional months. Patients were categorized intro two groups based on their re- sponse to the treatments: 7 with sustained virological re- sponse (SVR) (quasispecies = 150) and 3 non-respond- ers (NR) to IFN-R (quasispecies = 106). RESULTS: Prior to treatment, SVR patients displayed a lower complexity of quasispecies than NR patients. Most patients had a decrease in the complexity of quasispe- cies during therapy. Analysis of amino acids substitu- tions showed that the degree of the complexity of the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) and the V3 domain of NS5A protein was able to discriminate thetwo groups of patients. Moreover, SVR patients displayed more variability in the NS5A region than NR patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that detailed mo- lecular analysis of the NS5A region may be important for understanding its function in IFN response during HCV 1b infection.展开更多
基金supported jointly by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41372104)Research Project of Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals Industry (Group) Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.YSKY2011-02)
文摘Petrography and geochemistry of the altered and unaltered host rocks surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite revealed that the unaltered amphibolite is mainly composed of hornblende, plagioclase, and ilmenite.Beyond these primary components, the altered host rocks contain a few newly formed minerals, including biotite,tourmaline, chlorine, and muscovite. The alteration zone surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite is limited to 2.0 m, characterized by biotitization, tourmalization, and chloritization. In the altered host rocks, the contents of SiO2, MgO, MnO, Na2O, and TiO2 did not vary greatly.However, Al2O3 showed a weak decreasing trend with the increasing distance from the pegmatite contact zone, while Fe2O3 and CaO showed an increasing trend. The contents of Li, Rb, and Cs in the altered host rocks were much higher than those in the unaltered host rocks, decreasing with distance from the contact. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element（REE） pattern of the altered and unaltered host rock was right-inclined from La to Lu, but enriched in light REEs over heavy REEs after hydrothermal alteration. An isocon plot shows that some oxides migrated in with an order of P2O5〉K2O 〉TiO2〉Al2O3〉SiO2〉MnO≥MgO, while others migrated out with an order of Na2O 〉CaO 〉Fe2O3. For REEs, the migration ratios are positive values withCs 〉Rb 〉Li 〉Nb 〉Ta 〉Be, signifying that all REEs migrated from the exsolved magmatic fluid into the altered host rocks. It was concluded that diffusion was the only mechanism for migration of ore-forming elements in the alteration zone. The effective diffusion coefficients（Deff）of LiF, RbF, and CsF were estimated under a fluid temperature of 500–550℃. Using a function of concentration（C（x,t）） and distance（x）, the order of migration distance was determined to be LiF 〉CsF 〉RbF, with diffusion times of （3.39 ± 0.35）× 10^6,（3.19 ± 0.28） × 10^5 and（6.33 ± 0.05） × 10^5 years, respectively.
基金Supported by a grant from l’Agence National de la Recherche sur le Sida (ANRS grant 2001/011)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the implication of substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein in the resistance of HCV during mono-interferon (IFN) or combined IFN-ribavirin (IFN-R) therapy. Although NS5A has been reported to interact with the HCV RNA- dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B, as well as with many cellular proteins, the function of NS5A in the life cycle of HCV remains unclear. METHODS: HCV quasispecies were studied by clon- ing and sequencing of sequential isolates from patients infected by HCV genotype 1b. Patients were treated by IFN-α2b for 3 mo followed by IFN-α2b alone or com- bined IFN-R therapy for 9 additional months. Patients were categorized intro two groups based on their re- sponse to the treatments: 7 with sustained virological re- sponse (SVR) (quasispecies = 150) and 3 non-respond- ers (NR) to IFN-R (quasispecies = 106). RESULTS: Prior to treatment, SVR patients displayed a lower complexity of quasispecies than NR patients. Most patients had a decrease in the complexity of quasispe- cies during therapy. Analysis of amino acids substitu- tions showed that the degree of the complexity of the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) and the V3 domain of NS5A protein was able to discriminate thetwo groups of patients. Moreover, SVR patients displayed more variability in the NS5A region than NR patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that detailed mo- lecular analysis of the NS5A region may be important for understanding its function in IFN response during HCV 1b infection.
