Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, and was first discovered in mammalian embryos. Recent studies have shown that it also occurs ...Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, and was first discovered in mammalian embryos. Recent studies have shown that it also occurs in developing plant seeds, and is now becoming a hot topic of biology of plant seed development. According to the previous studies on imprinted genes, imprinting mechanism and their roles in plant seed development, the current progress of genomic imprinting in plant seed development was summarized and possible strategies were proposed to deal with the problems, which could provide helpful information for further research.展开更多
Additive manufacturing and 3D printing tech-nology have been developing rapidly in the last 30 years, and indicate great potential for future development. The promising future of this technology makes its impact on tr...Additive manufacturing and 3D printing tech-nology have been developing rapidly in the last 30 years, and indicate great potential for future development. The promising future of this technology makes its impact on traditional industry unpredictable. 3D printing will propel the revolution of fabrication modes forward, and bring in a new era for customized fabrication by realizing the five "any"s: use of almost any material to fabricate any part, in any quantity and any location, for any industrial field. Innovations in material, design, and fabrication processes will be inspired by the merging of 3D-printing technology and processes with traditional manufacturing processes. Finally, 3D printing will become as valuable for manufacturing industries as equivalent and subtractive manufacturing processes.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the role and significance of paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG! 0) in deciduas of normal pregnant women. Methods: Sixty deciduas tissue from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks were divided into six g...Objective: To investigate the role and significance of paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG! 0) in deciduas of normal pregnant women. Methods: Sixty deciduas tissue from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks were divided into six groups and in each group ten samples were done every gestational week. The expression and distribution of PEG10 in deciduas were examined by RT-PCR, hybridization in situ, Western Blot and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results: The PEG10 mRNA and protein were expressed in deciduas tissue from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks. Among them, the expression of PEG10 showed a gradual increase as the pregnancy weeks increased. In RT-PCR, the PEG10 expression was lower at pregnant 6th week (0.6743±0.114), from pregnant 7 to 8 weeks, the expression was increased gradually (7th week 0.7349±0.0083) and reached the pinnacle at 8th week (0.7354±0.0074). And then the pinnacle began to descend (9th week 0.6340±0.0084, 10th week 0.5901±0.0089 and llth week 0.5261±0.0112). There was a significant difference in the expression of PEG10 from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks except 7th week and 8th week. This expression characteristic was demonstrated by hybridization in situ. The similar conclusion was proved by Western Blot and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Conclusion: Expression of PEG 10 may play an important role in early pregnancy.展开更多
G-enomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that produces functional differences between the paternal and mammal genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development and growth. There are a number of genes ...G-enomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that produces functional differences between the paternal and mammal genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development and growth. There are a number of genes in our genomes that are subject to genomic imprinting where one parent's copy of the gene is expressed while the other is silent. Silencing of one allele predetermines that any function ascribed to that gene are now dependant on the single active copy. Possession of only a single active allele can lead to deleterious health consequences in humans. If imprinted genes are crucial in mammalian development, one would also expect mutations in these genes to cause diseases. Since imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism, mistakes in maintaining epigenetic mark also cause imprinting disorders. Here we in this review focus on the current understanding of this unique genetic mechanism more than two decades after the first description of the imprinting phenomenon was given by McGrath and Solter. Although the possible molecular mechanisms by which imprinting is imposed and maintained are being identified, we have a long way to go in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of these oddly behaving genes, the function of imprinting and the evolution. Post genomic technologies might ultimately lead to a better understanding of the 'imprinting effects'.展开更多
A conductometric sensor sensitive to oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCI) was developed on the basis of utilizing OTC.HCl imprinted polymer, synthesized under the optimized conditions by using non-covalent imprin...A conductometric sensor sensitive to oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCI) was developed on the basis of utilizing OTC.HCl imprinted polymer, synthesized under the optimized conditions by using non-covalent imprinted technology with OTC.HCl as a template, MAA as a functional monomer, and EGDMA as a cross-linker, which were the composition of the sensing membrane. The responses increased linearly with the increase of OTC.HCl concentration in the range of 0.99-12.0 μM. The response mechanism of the sensor was also discussed.展开更多
Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of populat...Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government's interference with housing development for the people's welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.展开更多
A brief review of color matching technology and its application of printing RGB images by CMY or CMYK ink jet printers is presented, followed by an explanation to the conventional approaches that are commonly used in ...A brief review of color matching technology and its application of printing RGB images by CMY or CMYK ink jet printers is presented, followed by an explanation to the conventional approaches that are commonly used in color matching. Then, a four color matching method combining neural network with genetic algorithm is proposed. The initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network for RGB to CMY color conversion are optimized by the new genetic algorithm based on evolutionarily stable strategy. The fourth component K is generated by using GCR (Gray Component Replacement) concept. Simulation experiments show that it is well behaved in both accuracy and generalization performance.展开更多
Studies of the Korean Wave in Taiwan have construed the genesis of the Wave as either accidental, evitable, or taken it for granted. Problematising the genesis of the Korean Wave in Taiwan, the paper proposes to see i...Studies of the Korean Wave in Taiwan have construed the genesis of the Wave as either accidental, evitable, or taken it for granted. Problematising the genesis of the Korean Wave in Taiwan, the paper proposes to see it as the product of social and political forces pertaining to a specific moment of history of Taiwan. Other than deeming the genesis categorically as a cultural instance, it argues that the Wave is in effect the production manufactured at the convergence of social political changes at a historical moment unprecedented in Taiwan history. To respond to the new social and political conditions, the Korean Wave is deliberately appropriated as the extension of social institution and political control for the purpose of prolonging class interests of the traditional rulers. By means of mammoth circulation and transmission of print media and television broadcast, the Wave is immediately called into being and captivates a throng of Taiwan Residents audience. In return, the overwhelming popularity of Korean TV dramas is capitalized on politically besides socially and culturally in order to meet new needs. Resiting the Korean Wave in Taiwan in the social and political processes at the specific moment of Taiwan history, its genesis is thereby complicated and overdetermined on top of the advanced and promised drama qualities and productions. Inevitably a limited view, however, the paper is hoped to provide an alternative aspect to the studies of the Korean Wave either in Taiwan or other regions.展开更多
Abstract: The search for "new materials" to manufacture building elements for economical housing is the aim of this work. These materials are the following recycled plastics: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), rec...Abstract: The search for "new materials" to manufacture building elements for economical housing is the aim of this work. These materials are the following recycled plastics: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), recycled out of discarded soft drink packs: Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), recycled out of discarded soft drink bottles; and several plastics, from the printed films used like packages of candies (remainder of production plant by faults in the thickness of the films or in the inked process of themt. These conveniently grounded plastics were taken as "arids" to be mixed with Normal Portland cement, replacing heavy sand and gravel habitually used in these mixtures. These materials are used in constructive elements such as bricks, blocks and plates for economical houses closures or traditional construction. The developed constructive elements offer high thermal insulation, so they can be used in closures with a smaller thickness than conventional bricks and blocks. Besides, they have a lower specific weight than these traditiunal constructive elements. Recycling means lowering costs, making part of the environment contaminating waste useful and providing the unemployed and/or unqualified work force with jobs through uncomplicated technologies. Therefore, this recycling technology has an economic as well as an ecological purpose.展开更多
The study in this paper that draws on dialogic interaction is a focus of investigation as the way to communicate social sciences to the public. In science communication people, for example, experts or scientists attem...The study in this paper that draws on dialogic interaction is a focus of investigation as the way to communicate social sciences to the public. In science communication people, for example, experts or scientists attempt to persuade lay people about the validity of their assessments. Currently dialogue in science communication might be seen as an important way to deliver information about sciences to the public as previously communicating science was conducted through top-down approaches. In addition, currently there is a tendency that people prefer to deliver and to receive information about sciences through two-way communication models between two or more parties, face-to-face or mediated by any means of communication as this way of communication is seen as more interactive. In the context of Indonesia, in terms of social science communication, this is an important phenomenon to investigate as two-way communication models might bridge the gap between expert opinion and lay opinion, where lay opinion is often seen as irrational or emotional. However, there are still a small number of studies with regard to how social sciences are communicated to the public and in what ways people preferred to deliver, moreover to discuss information within social sciences. One of the potential reasons is that research on science communication is mainly focused on natural and physical sciences. Since the study in this paper focuses on dialogic interactions in social science communication, this study will contribute to the current discussions of mass communication, in terms of science communication, and to related fields.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To confirm the role played by AKT1 and AKT2 in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway in promoting malignant transfor- mation of glioma cells. METHODS LN229 cells were divided into five groups: a control g...OBJECTIVE To confirm the role played by AKT1 and AKT2 in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway in promoting malignant transfor- mation of glioma cells. METHODS LN229 cells were divided into five groups: a control group, acetone (ACE)group, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) group, ASA+AKT1 plasmid group and ASA+AKT2 plasmid group. Western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of AKT1 and AKT2 after dealing with ASA and transferring AKTI/2 genes into LN229 cells. Cell proliferation was determined by flow cytometry, cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay and cell apoptosis was detected with annexin V staining. The molecules regulating proliferation and invasion were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Aspirin down-regulates AKT1 and AKT2 expression by modulating β-cateninfrcf-4 activity. AKT1 and AKT2 can enhance cell proliferation and invasion by up-regulating the expression of cyclin-D and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) in LN229 glioma cells. CONCLUSION AKT1 and AKT2 play an important role in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway promoting malignant transformation; AKT1 is more effective than AKT2. AKT1 and AKT2 may be potential targets for brain glioma therapy and an effective way to prevent metastasis of gliomas.展开更多
Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people's mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a grea...Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people's mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs' zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors' aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives: to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people's historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions (enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance); to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of"enmity" in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.展开更多
The aim of the study was to investigate the vibriocidal activity of crude extracts of 18 ethnomedicinal plants used by Nicobarese tribe. Plants were collected from the villages of Car Nicobar Island with the help of T...The aim of the study was to investigate the vibriocidal activity of crude extracts of 18 ethnomedicinal plants used by Nicobarese tribe. Plants were collected from the villages of Car Nicobar Island with the help of TKPs (traditional knowledge practitioners). The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was observed by agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that out of 18 plants, seven plants exhibited vibriocidal activity. Morinda citrifolia, Ganophyllumfalcatum and Leea aequata were most active among the plants tested. This study thus can be further utilized to formulate the new antimicrobial agents to fight against Vibrio cholerae.展开更多
In the inking system of an offset printing press,a vibrator roller distributes ink not only in the circumferential direction but also in the axial direction.In the control process,if ink amount is determined only by t...In the inking system of an offset printing press,a vibrator roller distributes ink not only in the circumferential direction but also in the axial direction.In the control process,if ink amount is determined only by the dot area coverage without considering the impact of vibrator roller's oscillation,the printing colour quality will be reduced.This paper describes a method of calculating the impact factor of vibrator roller' s oscillation.First,the oscillation performance is analyzed and sample data of impact factor is got.Then,a fuzzy controller used for the calculation of the impact factor is designed,and genetic algorithm is used to optimize membership functions and obtain the fuzzy control rules automatically.This fuzzy controller can be used to calculate impact factors for any printing condition,and the impact factors can be used for ink amount control in printing process and it is important for higher printing colour quality and lowering ink and paper waste.展开更多
Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities w...Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry's decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660402)Industry Technological System Construction Project of Department of Agriculture of Yunnan ProvinceFund for Workstation of Academician Guan Chunyun from Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province~~
文摘Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, and was first discovered in mammalian embryos. Recent studies have shown that it also occurs in developing plant seeds, and is now becoming a hot topic of biology of plant seed development. According to the previous studies on imprinted genes, imprinting mechanism and their roles in plant seed development, the current progress of genomic imprinting in plant seed development was summarized and possible strategies were proposed to deal with the problems, which could provide helpful information for further research.
文摘Additive manufacturing and 3D printing tech-nology have been developing rapidly in the last 30 years, and indicate great potential for future development. The promising future of this technology makes its impact on traditional industry unpredictable. 3D printing will propel the revolution of fabrication modes forward, and bring in a new era for customized fabrication by realizing the five "any"s: use of almost any material to fabricate any part, in any quantity and any location, for any industrial field. Innovations in material, design, and fabrication processes will be inspired by the merging of 3D-printing technology and processes with traditional manufacturing processes. Finally, 3D printing will become as valuable for manufacturing industries as equivalent and subtractive manufacturing processes.
文摘Objective: To investigate the role and significance of paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG! 0) in deciduas of normal pregnant women. Methods: Sixty deciduas tissue from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks were divided into six groups and in each group ten samples were done every gestational week. The expression and distribution of PEG10 in deciduas were examined by RT-PCR, hybridization in situ, Western Blot and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results: The PEG10 mRNA and protein were expressed in deciduas tissue from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks. Among them, the expression of PEG10 showed a gradual increase as the pregnancy weeks increased. In RT-PCR, the PEG10 expression was lower at pregnant 6th week (0.6743±0.114), from pregnant 7 to 8 weeks, the expression was increased gradually (7th week 0.7349±0.0083) and reached the pinnacle at 8th week (0.7354±0.0074). And then the pinnacle began to descend (9th week 0.6340±0.0084, 10th week 0.5901±0.0089 and llth week 0.5261±0.0112). There was a significant difference in the expression of PEG10 from pregnant 6 to 11 weeks except 7th week and 8th week. This expression characteristic was demonstrated by hybridization in situ. The similar conclusion was proved by Western Blot and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Conclusion: Expression of PEG 10 may play an important role in early pregnancy.
文摘G-enomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that produces functional differences between the paternal and mammal genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development and growth. There are a number of genes in our genomes that are subject to genomic imprinting where one parent's copy of the gene is expressed while the other is silent. Silencing of one allele predetermines that any function ascribed to that gene are now dependant on the single active copy. Possession of only a single active allele can lead to deleterious health consequences in humans. If imprinted genes are crucial in mammalian development, one would also expect mutations in these genes to cause diseases. Since imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism, mistakes in maintaining epigenetic mark also cause imprinting disorders. Here we in this review focus on the current understanding of this unique genetic mechanism more than two decades after the first description of the imprinting phenomenon was given by McGrath and Solter. Although the possible molecular mechanisms by which imprinting is imposed and maintained are being identified, we have a long way to go in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of these oddly behaving genes, the function of imprinting and the evolution. Post genomic technologies might ultimately lead to a better understanding of the 'imprinting effects'.
文摘A conductometric sensor sensitive to oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCI) was developed on the basis of utilizing OTC.HCl imprinted polymer, synthesized under the optimized conditions by using non-covalent imprinted technology with OTC.HCl as a template, MAA as a functional monomer, and EGDMA as a cross-linker, which were the composition of the sensing membrane. The responses increased linearly with the increase of OTC.HCl concentration in the range of 0.99-12.0 μM. The response mechanism of the sensor was also discussed.
文摘Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government's interference with housing development for the people's welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.
文摘A brief review of color matching technology and its application of printing RGB images by CMY or CMYK ink jet printers is presented, followed by an explanation to the conventional approaches that are commonly used in color matching. Then, a four color matching method combining neural network with genetic algorithm is proposed. The initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network for RGB to CMY color conversion are optimized by the new genetic algorithm based on evolutionarily stable strategy. The fourth component K is generated by using GCR (Gray Component Replacement) concept. Simulation experiments show that it is well behaved in both accuracy and generalization performance.
文摘Studies of the Korean Wave in Taiwan have construed the genesis of the Wave as either accidental, evitable, or taken it for granted. Problematising the genesis of the Korean Wave in Taiwan, the paper proposes to see it as the product of social and political forces pertaining to a specific moment of history of Taiwan. Other than deeming the genesis categorically as a cultural instance, it argues that the Wave is in effect the production manufactured at the convergence of social political changes at a historical moment unprecedented in Taiwan history. To respond to the new social and political conditions, the Korean Wave is deliberately appropriated as the extension of social institution and political control for the purpose of prolonging class interests of the traditional rulers. By means of mammoth circulation and transmission of print media and television broadcast, the Wave is immediately called into being and captivates a throng of Taiwan Residents audience. In return, the overwhelming popularity of Korean TV dramas is capitalized on politically besides socially and culturally in order to meet new needs. Resiting the Korean Wave in Taiwan in the social and political processes at the specific moment of Taiwan history, its genesis is thereby complicated and overdetermined on top of the advanced and promised drama qualities and productions. Inevitably a limited view, however, the paper is hoped to provide an alternative aspect to the studies of the Korean Wave either in Taiwan or other regions.
文摘Abstract: The search for "new materials" to manufacture building elements for economical housing is the aim of this work. These materials are the following recycled plastics: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), recycled out of discarded soft drink packs: Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), recycled out of discarded soft drink bottles; and several plastics, from the printed films used like packages of candies (remainder of production plant by faults in the thickness of the films or in the inked process of themt. These conveniently grounded plastics were taken as "arids" to be mixed with Normal Portland cement, replacing heavy sand and gravel habitually used in these mixtures. These materials are used in constructive elements such as bricks, blocks and plates for economical houses closures or traditional construction. The developed constructive elements offer high thermal insulation, so they can be used in closures with a smaller thickness than conventional bricks and blocks. Besides, they have a lower specific weight than these traditiunal constructive elements. Recycling means lowering costs, making part of the environment contaminating waste useful and providing the unemployed and/or unqualified work force with jobs through uncomplicated technologies. Therefore, this recycling technology has an economic as well as an ecological purpose.
文摘The study in this paper that draws on dialogic interaction is a focus of investigation as the way to communicate social sciences to the public. In science communication people, for example, experts or scientists attempt to persuade lay people about the validity of their assessments. Currently dialogue in science communication might be seen as an important way to deliver information about sciences to the public as previously communicating science was conducted through top-down approaches. In addition, currently there is a tendency that people prefer to deliver and to receive information about sciences through two-way communication models between two or more parties, face-to-face or mediated by any means of communication as this way of communication is seen as more interactive. In the context of Indonesia, in terms of social science communication, this is an important phenomenon to investigate as two-way communication models might bridge the gap between expert opinion and lay opinion, where lay opinion is often seen as irrational or emotional. However, there are still a small number of studies with regard to how social sciences are communicated to the public and in what ways people preferred to deliver, moreover to discuss information within social sciences. One of the potential reasons is that research on science communication is mainly focused on natural and physical sciences. Since the study in this paper focuses on dialogic interactions in social science communication, this study will contribute to the current discussions of mass communication, in terms of science communication, and to related fields.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30971132).
文摘OBJECTIVE To confirm the role played by AKT1 and AKT2 in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway in promoting malignant transfor- mation of glioma cells. METHODS LN229 cells were divided into five groups: a control group, acetone (ACE)group, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) group, ASA+AKT1 plasmid group and ASA+AKT2 plasmid group. Western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of AKT1 and AKT2 after dealing with ASA and transferring AKTI/2 genes into LN229 cells. Cell proliferation was determined by flow cytometry, cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay and cell apoptosis was detected with annexin V staining. The molecules regulating proliferation and invasion were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Aspirin down-regulates AKT1 and AKT2 expression by modulating β-cateninfrcf-4 activity. AKT1 and AKT2 can enhance cell proliferation and invasion by up-regulating the expression of cyclin-D and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) in LN229 glioma cells. CONCLUSION AKT1 and AKT2 play an important role in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway promoting malignant transformation; AKT1 is more effective than AKT2. AKT1 and AKT2 may be potential targets for brain glioma therapy and an effective way to prevent metastasis of gliomas.
文摘Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people's mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs' zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors' aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives: to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people's historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions (enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance); to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of"enmity" in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.
文摘The aim of the study was to investigate the vibriocidal activity of crude extracts of 18 ethnomedicinal plants used by Nicobarese tribe. Plants were collected from the villages of Car Nicobar Island with the help of TKPs (traditional knowledge practitioners). The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was observed by agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that out of 18 plants, seven plants exhibited vibriocidal activity. Morinda citrifolia, Ganophyllumfalcatum and Leea aequata were most active among the plants tested. This study thus can be further utilized to formulate the new antimicrobial agents to fight against Vibrio cholerae.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Supporting Program(No.2012BAF13B05-1)National Natural Science Foundation(No.51105009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3113025)
文摘In the inking system of an offset printing press,a vibrator roller distributes ink not only in the circumferential direction but also in the axial direction.In the control process,if ink amount is determined only by the dot area coverage without considering the impact of vibrator roller's oscillation,the printing colour quality will be reduced.This paper describes a method of calculating the impact factor of vibrator roller' s oscillation.First,the oscillation performance is analyzed and sample data of impact factor is got.Then,a fuzzy controller used for the calculation of the impact factor is designed,and genetic algorithm is used to optimize membership functions and obtain the fuzzy control rules automatically.This fuzzy controller can be used to calculate impact factors for any printing condition,and the impact factors can be used for ink amount control in printing process and it is important for higher printing colour quality and lowering ink and paper waste.
文摘Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry's decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.