第六次科技革命的科学猜想——《思想者》杂志访《第六次科技革命的战略机遇》主编何传启

恩格斯说,社会一旦有技术上的需要,则这种需要就会比10所大学更能把科学推向前进。第六次科技革命,从科学角度看,可能是一次"新生物学革命";从技术角度看,可能是一次"创生和再生革命";从产业角度看,可能是一次"仿生和再生革命";从文明角度看,可能是一次"再生和永生革命"。中国科学院中国现代化研究中心日前在北京召开《第六次科技革命的战略机遇》新书发布会。该书系"第六次科技革命的预测研究"课题的研究成果。它提出了关于21世纪新科技革命的大胆预测,令人耳目一新。为满足读者的需要,《思想者》杂志采访了该课题组组长、主编何传启。

从零开始 网络淘金 访青岛英瑞网络科技有限公司总经理赵传启

从小勤奋刻苦,赵传启以优异的成绩考入上海交通大学船舶设计与海洋工程系。4年大都市的学习生活,不但开阔了眼界,也让他学会思考未来与人生。他明白,不仅要为自己的生存负责,更重要的应该为全家人争光。

Heuristic Genetic Algorithm for Discretization of Continuous Attributes in Rough Set Theory

Discretization based on rough set theory aims to seek the possible minimum number of the cut set without weakening the indiscemibility of the original decision system. Optimization of discretization is an NP-complete problem and the genetic algorithm is an appropriate method to solve it. In order to achieve optimal discretization, first the choice of the initial set of cut set is discussed, because a good initial cut set can enhance the efficiency and quality of the follow-up algorithm. Second, an effective heuristic genetic algorithm for discretization of continuous attributes of the decision table is proposed, which takes the significance of cut dots as heuristic information and introduces a novel operator to maintain the indiscernibility of the original decision system and enhance the local research ability of the algorithm. So the algorithm converges quickly and has global optimizing ability. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through experiment.

Expression Pattern of the Foreign Gene Regulated by the Tomato rbcS3A Promoter in Transgenic Tomato

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the expression pattern of foreign genes regulated by tomato rbcS3A promoter in transgenic tomato. [Method] Rubisco small subunit promoter rbcS3A was cloned by PCR, fused to the upstream of Gus coding region in a binary vector, and transformed into tomato plants mediated by Agrobacterium. Histochemical staining on PCR positive plants was performed to ana- lyze the expression pattern of the foreign gene regulated by the tomato rbcS3A pro- moter in transgenic tomato. [Result] A total of 15 positive plants were obtained, ac- counting for 33.3%. Histochemical staining showed that the expression level of Gus fusion gene was highest in mature leaf, lower in reproductive organs such as fruit, and not detected in seed. [Conclusion] More positive seedlings were obtained using the modified tissue culture method. Under the control of tomato rbcS3A promoter, exogenous gene highly expressed in transgenic plant leaves, but did not express in seeds and tomato pulp.

Low complexity user scheduling algorithms for uplink multiuser MIMO systems

Two efficient and low complexity multiuser scheduling algorithms are proposed for the uplink multi- ple-input multiple-output systems in this paper. Conventionally, the exhaustive search algorithm （ESA） can give the optimal performance; however, it is complexity prohibitive for practical implementation. Aiming at re- ducing the complexity while keeping the achievable sum rate performance, two heuristic algorithms are proposed for the multiuser scheduling problems： the improved genetic algorithm and simplified norm-based greedy algo- rithm. Moreover, we also consider the heterogeneity scenario where a modified grouping-based user selection al- gorithm is given to guarantee the user＇ s fairness. Specifically, the asymptotic behavior of the norm-based greed- y algorithm is given when each user is equipped with one antenna. Numerical examples demonstrate the superi- ority of our proposed schedulin~ and ~rouoin~ algorithms.

Enabling Energy Efficient Sensory Data Collection Using Multiple Mobile Sink

Mobile sink is the challenging task for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).In this paper we propose to design an efficient routing protocol for single mobile sink and multiple mobile sink for data gathering in WSN.In this process,a biased random walk method is used to determine the next position of the sink.Then,a rendezvous point selection with splitting tree technique is used to find the optimal data transmission path.If the sink moves within the range of the rendezvous point,it receives the gathered data and if moved out,it selects a relay node from its neighbours to relay packets from rendezvous point to the sink.Proposed algorithm reduces the signal overhead and improves the triangular routing problem.Here the sink acts as a vehicle and collect the data from the sensor.The results show that the proposed model effectively supports sink mobility with low overhead and delay when compared with Intelligent Agent-based Routing protocol(IAR) and also increases the reliability and delivery ratio when the number of sources increases.

Eukaryotic Promoter Recognition Using Back propagation Neural Network

A new system is developed to recognize promoter sequences from non promoter sequences based on position weight matrix and backpropagation neural network in this paper. The system performs significantly better on the training set and the test set, the mean recognition rate is as high as 99% on the training set and 97% on the testing set. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system to recognize the promoter sequences that have been trained and the promoter sequences that have not been seen previously.

Establishment of Knowledge Base Management System and the Type Selection of Mechanism for Mechanism Kinematic Scheme

Firstly data standardization technology and combined classification method have been applied to carry out classification of kinematic behaviors and mechanisms in the mapping field between the kinematic behavior level and the mechanism level of conceptual design.The principle of computer coding and storing have been built to give a fast and broad selection of mechanisms that meets the requirements of basic motion characters.Then on the basis of mentioned above,the heuristic matching propagation principle (HMPP) of kinematic behaviors and its true table serves as a guide to perform mechanism types selection.Finally an application is given to indicate its practicability and effectiveness.

DNA methylation level of promoter region of activating transcription factor 5 in glioma

Transcription factors, which represent an important class of proteins that play key roles in controlling cellular proliferation and cell cycle modulation, are attractive targets for cancer therapy. Previous researches have shown that the expression level of activating transcription factor 5 （ATF5） was frequently increased in glioma and its acetylation level was related to glioma. The purposes of this study were to explore the methylation level of ATF5 in clinical glioma tissues and to explore the effect of ATF5 methylation on the expression of ATF5 in glioma. Methylation of the promoter region of ATF5 was assayed by bisulflte-specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR） sequencing analysis in 35 cases of glioma and 5 normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） was also performed to detect ATF5 mRNA expression in 35 cases of glioma and 5 normal tissues. Clinical data were collected from the patients and analyzed. The percentages of methylation of the ATF5 gene in the promoter region in healthy control, patients with well-differentiated glioma, and those with poorly differentiated glioma were 87.78%, 73.89%, and 47.70%, respectively. Analysis of the methylation status of the promoter region of the ATF5 gene showed a gradually de- creased methylation level in poorly differentiated glioma, well-differentiated glioma, and normal tissues （P〈0.05）. There was also a significant difference between well-differentiated glioma and poorly differentiated glioma （P〈0.05）. ATF5 mRNA expression in glioma was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues （P〈0.05）. This study provides the first evidence that the methylation level of ATF5 decreased, and its mRNA expression was evidently up-regulated in glioma.

The Eternal ＂May Fourth Movement＂： Between Enlightenment and Tradition

This paper mainly discusses two key issues： how to evaluate the New Culture Movement and how to understand the relationship between enlightenment and the New Culture Movement. With regard to the former, the author puts forward the basic principles to be established for the evaluation of the New Culture Movement： not only to respect the historical facts, but also take a broad view to make a comprehensive survey of history and the world. Through an analysis of the current situation at home and abroad, this paper argues that it is precisely because the New Cul~＇e Movement rejected the darkness in the fields of politics, morality, academics and ideology which had ruled China for thousands of years, promoted insemination of political democracy, freedom of thought, and spiritual independence, which helped to prepare the mass basis for Marxism to spread in China, that it became possible to achieve the victory of socialism in China. Regarding the latter, the author believes the New Culture Movement could not complete the task of enlightenment once and for all in China. The reasons are as follows： China has thousands of years of old culture and old traditions, the Chinese culture and the European traditions are quite different, and the situation confronting China during the New Culture Movement period was far more complicated than the situation during the European Enlightenment in the 16th-18th centuries. So, when it was divorced from the future fate of the Chinese nation, the empty talk of personality liberation and personal freedom was not only unrealistic, but also poled apart from the rationalist analysis and application advocated by the Enlightenment.

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Refrigerants

The effects of different refrigerants on heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe(PHP) are investigated experimentally.The working temperature of pulsating heat pipe is kept in the range of 20℃-50℃.The startup time of the pulsating heat pipe with refrigerants can be shorter than 4 min,when heating power is in the range of 10W-100W.The startup time decreases with heating power.Thermal resistances of PHP with filling ratio 20.55% were obviously larger than those with other filling ratios.Thermal resistance of the PHP with R134a is much smaller than that with R404A and R600a.It indicates that the heat transfer ability of R134a is better.In addition,a correlation to predict thermal resistance of PHP with refrigerants was suggested.

An extended discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for the dynamic facility layout problem

We extended an improved version of the discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm proposed by Liao et al.(2007) to solve the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP). A computational study was performed with the existing heuristic algorithms, including the dynamic programming (DP), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), hybrid ant system (HAS), hybrid simulated annealing (SA-EG), hybrid genetic algorithms (NLGA and CONGA). The proposed DPSO algorithm, SA, HAS, GA, DP, SA-EG, NLGA, and CONGA obtained the best solutions for 33, 24, 20, 10, 12, 20, 5, and 2 of the 48 problems from (Balakrishnan and Cheng, 2000), respectively. These results show that the DPSO is very effective in dealing with the DFLP. The extended DPSO also has very good computational efficiency when the problem size increases.

Optical Sensing： the Last Frontier for Enabling Intelligence in Our Wired up World and Beyond

Consigned to the shadows of telecommunications, optical sensing has often taken a back seat in a young person＇s mind when considering the importance of photonics, or optics, to the advancement of the society and of knowledge. Here, I touch on briefly how broad optical sensing and sensing generally has become and how and why it is becoming the catalyst for the convergence of many technologies and in the process raising significant philosophical questions about the transformation of our society and indeed ourselves. In doing so I touch on many of the complexities in real life that influence the breakthroughs we see today, including a healthy speculation and critique on our society and an awareness of the motivations to improve it that drive many of them.

Thermal energy harvesting circuit with maximum power point tracking control for self-powered sensor node applications

We present a simple implementation of a thermal energy harvesting circuit with the maximum power point tracking（MPPT） control for self-powered miniature-sized sensor nodes. Complex start-up circuitry and direct current to direct current（DC-DC） boost converters are not required, because the output voltage of targeted thermoelectric generator（TEG） devices is high enough to drive the load applications directly. The circuit operates in the active/asleep mode to overcome the power mismatch between TEG devices and load applications. The proposed circuit was implemented using a 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. Experimental results confirmed correct circuit operation and demonstrated the performance of the MPPT scheme. The circuit achieved a peak power efficiency of 95.5% and an MPPT accuracy of higher than 99%.