Major consideration dimensions for the physical layer design of wireless sensor network （WSN） nodes is analyzed by comparing different wireless communication approaches, diverse mature standards, important radio fre...Major consideration dimensions for the physical layer design of wireless sensor network （WSN） nodes is analyzed by comparing different wireless communication approaches, diverse mature standards, important radio frequency （RF） parameters and various microcontroller unit （MCU） solutions. An implementation of the WSN node is presented with experimental results and a novel ＂one processor working at two frequencies＂ energy saving strategy. The lifetime estimation issue is analyzed with consideration to the periodical listen required by common WSN media access control （MAC） algorithms. It can be concluded that the startup time of the RF which determines the best sleep time ratio and the shortest backoff slot time of MAC, the RF frequency and modulation methods which determinate the RX and TX current, and the overall energy consumption of the dual frequency MCU SOC （ system on chip） are the most essential factors for the WSN node physical layer design.展开更多
Wireless sensor network is becoming more and more popular in recent years, but energy- constrained characteristic of sensor nodes is one of the critical issues that we must consider in system design. In this paper, a ...Wireless sensor network is becoming more and more popular in recent years, but energy- constrained characteristic of sensor nodes is one of the critical issues that we must consider in system design. In this paper, a cluster-based virtual VBLAST transmission scheme is proposed to achieve energy savings for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, instead of using cluster member as cooperative nodes, multiple cluster heads cooperate to form virtual antenna array so that V-BLAST based virtual MIMO transmission can be implemented. Based on the communication energy consumption model, a way to optimize the parameters for the scheme is given. In addition, detailed simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for both densely and sparsely deployed sensor networks. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the energy efficiency of the proposed scheme.展开更多
In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks,sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink,which depletes their energy very quickly.A moving ...In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks,sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink,which depletes their energy very quickly.A moving scheme for the sink based on local residual energy was proposed.In the scheme,the sink periodically moves to a new location with the highest stay-value defined by the average residual energy and the number of neighbors.The scheme can balance energy consumption and prevent nodes around sink from draining their energy very quickly in the networks.The simulation results show that the scheme can prolong the network lifetime by 26%-65%compared with the earlier schemes where the sink is static or moves randomly.展开更多
The majority of the energy consumption by the sensors is the energy requirement for data transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs）. Therefore, introducing mobile collectors to collect data instead of nmlti-hop...The majority of the energy consumption by the sensors is the energy requirement for data transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs）. Therefore, introducing mobile collectors to collect data instead of nmlti-hop data relay is essential. However, for rmny proposed data gathering ap-proaches, long data deNNy is the train problenm. Hence, the problem of how to decrease the energy consumption and the data deNNy needs to be solved. In this paper, a low deNNy data collection mechanism using multiple mobile collectors is pro- posed. First, a self-organization clustering algorithm is designed. Second, sensor nodes are organized into three-level clusters. Then a collection strategy based on the hierarchical structure is proposed, which includes two rules to dispatch mobile collec- tors rationally. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is superior to other existing approaches in terms of the reduction in energy ex-penditure and the decrease in data deNNy.展开更多
In this letter, a Function node-based Multiple Pairwise Keys Management (MPKMF) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is firstly designed, in which ordinary nodes and cluster head nodes are responsible for data...In this letter, a Function node-based Multiple Pairwise Keys Management (MPKMF) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is firstly designed, in which ordinary nodes and cluster head nodes are responsible for data collection and transmission, and function nodes are responsible for key management. There are more than one function nodes in the cluster consulting the key generation and other security decision-making. The function nodes are the second-class security center because of the characteristics of the distributed WSNs. Secondly, It is also described that the formation of function nodes and cluster heads under the control of the former, and five kinds of keys, i.e., individual key, pairwise keys, cluster key, management key, and group key. Finally, performance analysis and experiments show that, the protocol is superior in communication and energy consumption. The delay of establishing the cluster key meets the requirements, and a multiple pairwise key which adopts the coordinated security authentication scheme is provided.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Deve-lopment Program of China (863Program) (No.2003AA143040).
文摘Major consideration dimensions for the physical layer design of wireless sensor network （WSN） nodes is analyzed by comparing different wireless communication approaches, diverse mature standards, important radio frequency （RF） parameters and various microcontroller unit （MCU） solutions. An implementation of the WSN node is presented with experimental results and a novel ＂one processor working at two frequencies＂ energy saving strategy. The lifetime estimation issue is analyzed with consideration to the periodical listen required by common WSN media access control （MAC） algorithms. It can be concluded that the startup time of the RF which determines the best sleep time ratio and the shortest backoff slot time of MAC, the RF frequency and modulation methods which determinate the RX and TX current, and the overall energy consumption of the dual frequency MCU SOC （ system on chip） are the most essential factors for the WSN node physical layer design.
文摘Wireless sensor network is becoming more and more popular in recent years, but energy- constrained characteristic of sensor nodes is one of the critical issues that we must consider in system design. In this paper, a cluster-based virtual VBLAST transmission scheme is proposed to achieve energy savings for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, instead of using cluster member as cooperative nodes, multiple cluster heads cooperate to form virtual antenna array so that V-BLAST based virtual MIMO transmission can be implemented. Based on the communication energy consumption model, a way to optimize the parameters for the scheme is given. In addition, detailed simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for both densely and sparsely deployed sensor networks. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the energy efficiency of the proposed scheme.
基金Project(60673164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20060533057)supported by the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks,sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink,which depletes their energy very quickly.A moving scheme for the sink based on local residual energy was proposed.In the scheme,the sink periodically moves to a new location with the highest stay-value defined by the average residual energy and the number of neighbors.The scheme can balance energy consumption and prevent nodes around sink from draining their energy very quickly in the networks.The simulation results show that the scheme can prolong the network lifetime by 26%-65%compared with the earlier schemes where the sink is static or moves randomly.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Ca-ants No.60835001, No. 61104068 the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China un- der Crant No.BK2010200.
文摘The majority of the energy consumption by the sensors is the energy requirement for data transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs）. Therefore, introducing mobile collectors to collect data instead of nmlti-hop data relay is essential. However, for rmny proposed data gathering ap-proaches, long data deNNy is the train problenm. Hence, the problem of how to decrease the energy consumption and the data deNNy needs to be solved. In this paper, a low deNNy data collection mechanism using multiple mobile collectors is pro- posed. First, a self-organization clustering algorithm is designed. Second, sensor nodes are organized into three-level clusters. Then a collection strategy based on the hierarchical structure is proposed, which includes two rules to dispatch mobile collec- tors rationally. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is superior to other existing approaches in terms of the reduction in energy ex-penditure and the decrease in data deNNy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60475012)
文摘In this letter, a Function node-based Multiple Pairwise Keys Management (MPKMF) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is firstly designed, in which ordinary nodes and cluster head nodes are responsible for data collection and transmission, and function nodes are responsible for key management. There are more than one function nodes in the cluster consulting the key generation and other security decision-making. The function nodes are the second-class security center because of the characteristics of the distributed WSNs. Secondly, It is also described that the formation of function nodes and cluster heads under the control of the former, and five kinds of keys, i.e., individual key, pairwise keys, cluster key, management key, and group key. Finally, performance analysis and experiments show that, the protocol is superior in communication and energy consumption. The delay of establishing the cluster key meets the requirements, and a multiple pairwise key which adopts the coordinated security authentication scheme is provided.
