真菌传棒状病毒的分类及其特性

大约有１１种棒状病毒，由根瘤菌纲土栖真菌（ＰｌａｓｍｏｄｉｏｐｈｏｒａｃｅｏｕｓＳｏｉｌＩｎｈａｂｉｔｉｎｇＦｕｎｇｉ）传播（详见表１）。这些病毒的分类，最初由Ｓｈｉｒａｋｏ和Ｂｒａｋｋｅ在１９８４年建议成立土传小麦花叶病毒组，该建议于１９８７年被...

传棒接力共建『美丽中国』——右玉精神的启示

地处毛乌素沙漠天然风口地带的山西省右玉县,曾经是一片风沙成患、山川贫瘠的不毛之地,如今却成了全国造林绿化先进县,有“塞上绿洲”之美称. 建国60多年来,右玉县二十任县委书记一任接着一任干,带领全县干部群众坚持不懈植树造林,走出一条由“生态赤字”向“生态盈余”跨越的绿色发展之路,谱写下一幕久久为功、百折不挠、令人赞叹的人间奇迹.

意大利小麦真菌传棒状病毒与欧洲小麦花叶病毒和土传黑麦花叶病毒属同一种病毒

测定了从意大利硬红小麦上分离的一个真菌传棒状病毒分离物两个RNA的核苷酸全序列, 并与美国的土传小麦花叶病毒(SBWMV)、最近发表的从法国小麦上分离的欧洲小麦花叶病毒(EWMV)和从德国黑麦和小麦上分离的3个土传黑麦花叶病毒(SBRMV-C,-G, -O)进行了序列比较和系统树分析. 结果表明, 意大利分离物的RNA1和RNA2分别由7 025和3 688个碱基组成, 与EWMV的同源性分别为97.5%和98.6%, 与SBRMV-G 为95.5%和85.8%, 而与SBWMV 仅为70.6%和64.5%. 因此, 意大利分离物与SBWMV不同, 但与EWMV和SBRMV同属一种病毒, 建议将这些欧洲病毒命名为土传禾谷类花叶病毒(SBCMV), 以避免与以前的名字混淆.

油管传输射孔起爆棒可测压技术

针对目前油管传输射孔施工中存在的压力计防震等问题,对原有起爆棒进行改进,设计了新型的压力计系统。通过现场应用改进的起爆棒和新型压力计系统,解决了压力计的防震问题,不仅能够准确测出射孔后液垫进入地层的能量,还可以测量炮弹爆炸形成的压力及温度变化,录取数据更具有代表性。

4×100m接力跑传、接棒最佳位置的确定与起动标志线(让距)的计算

笔者通过分析4×100 m接力跑"传接棒全过程"(从传棒队员跑至起动标志线<接棒队员起动>到传、接棒队员完成传、接棒动作止)传、接棒队员两者速度和相互间距离的变化规律,对比传棒队员最后30 m和接棒队员起动30 m速度曲线。发现:"传、接棒的最佳位置(地点)应在接力区后10 m之内"、"最理想的交接棒过程应在接力区的最后一段"等看法并不适用所有水平的接力运动队,尤其是对于基层一般水平队员。通过进一步研究,根据上述两者速度曲线,运用本文所介绍的"图表比例测算法"可以确定传、接棒的最佳位置;在确定最佳位置(如:传棒队员传棒的最佳位置距预跑线的具体距离数)的前提下,详细说明了通过传、接棒队员已有的分段(10 m)计时数据或实测"传接棒全过程"各自跑距耗时来测算相关变量,从而最终计算出接棒队员起动标志线(让距)的方法及注意事项。

传像光纤坯棒拉制设备及工艺

通过对传像光纤坯料拉制的描述,并与传统的熔压工艺作了比较,得出坯棒拉制的必要性。对实现拉制的关键设备及工艺做了详细的阐述。

硬光纤传像元件的特性及其应用

介绍了硬光纤传像元件的主要性能、应用领域及其技术指标,阐述了该类元件在光电系统的图像传递、光学图像处理、小型化、集成化等方面的特殊优势和广阔的应用前景。

Robust Transmission for Cognitive Relay Networks

In cognitive relay networks, the transmission of Secondary Users （SUs） suffers from the activity of Primary Users （PUs） and wireless channel fading. Therefore, how to achieve robust transmission for cognitive relay networks is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a relaying transmission scheme which exploits robust beamforming at the physical layer and rateless codes at higher layers. We derive the optirml beamforng weight vector and analyze the perforrmnce of the pro- posed scheme when the channel estirmtion is not accurate between two SU nodes. We also study how the anaount of channel information between SU and PU impacts the system perforroance. Sinlation results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can signifi- cantly enhance the system throughput.

ROBUST RELIABLE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A CLASS OF TIME-VARYING UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

The normal H ∞ control design deals with both plant modeling uncertainties and exogenous signal uncertainties by constructing a controller which stabilizes uncertain li near systems while satisfying an H ∞ norm bound constraint on disturbance attenuation for all admissible uncertainties. However, the control design may result in unsatisfactory performances or even instabilities in the event of sensor failures in practical plants. This paper focuses on the problem of the design of robust reliable H ∞ control for a class of time varying uncertainty system with sensor failures. The paper presents a novel technique which deal with this problem by solving three linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The strict proof guarantees the feasibility of this approach.

An Improved Modal Strain Energy Method for Damage Detection in Offshore Platform Structures

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy （IMSE） method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method （the Stubbs index method）. The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.

Highly Effective Detection of Amitraz in Honey by Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Methods

As an effective and universal acaricide, amitraz is widely used on beehives against varroasis caused by the mite Varroa jacobsoni. Its residues in honey pose a great danger to human health. In this study, a sensitive, rapid, and environmentally friendly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method (SERS) was developed for the determination of trace amount of amitraz in honey with the use of silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrate. The AgNR array substrate fabricated by an oblique angle deposition technique exhibited an excellent SERS activity with an enhancement factor of -10^7. Density function theory was employed to assign the characteristic peak of amitraz. The detection of amitraz was further explored and amitraz in honey at concentrations as low as 0.08 mg/kg can be identified. Specifically, partial least square regression analysis was employed to correlate the SERS spectra in full-wavelength with Camitraz to afford a multiple-quantitative amitraz predicting model. Preliminary results show that the predicted concentrations of amitraz in honey samples are in good agreement with their real concentrations. Compared with the conventional univariate quantitative model based on single peak’s intensity, the proposed multiple-quantitative predicting model integrates all the characteristic peaks of amitraz, thus offering an improved detecting accuracy and anti-interference ability.

Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in a Metal Rod by Using Finite Element Method

A metal rod is used in the high temperature testing for ultrasonic propagation and heat output, but the trailing ech- oes generated by ultrasonic penetration through the metal rod seriously affect the recognition and extraction of characteristic signals. According to the phenomenon, the Finite Element Method （FEM） is used to analyze ultrasonic penetration through a metal rod, the reason of the trailing echoes and the regularity of ultrasonic signals. The motion equation of ultra- sonic propagation in a metal rod is established and calculated, then the simulation signals and instantaneous eartographies of the process are obtained. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the intervals of the trailing echoes are de- termined by the rod＇ s diameter and wave velocity. In practical applications, the FEM is used to analyze ultrasonic propagation in the designed buffer rod at first. Based on the characteristics of the simulation signals, the material and dimension are ad- justed and selected, aiming to identify the characteristic echo and trailing echoes in time domain and extract characteristic echo from the ultrasonic signals available.

A NEW UEP SCHEME FOR ROBUST VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN LDPC CODED MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM

In order to improve the video transmission performance in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （MIMO-OFDM） system, a new scheme, which integrates Multiple Description Coding （MDC）, Low Density Parity Check （LDPC） coding and hybrid space time coding, is proposed in this letter. In particular, a hybrid space time coding algorithm is combined with LDPC codes to perform Unequal Error Protection （UEP） of MDC encoded video streams. Comparing with the UEP transmission with only LDPC codes, the proposed scheme achieves more than ldB gain in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio （SNR） when the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio （PSNR） of reconstructed video is above 30dB.

Temperature in High Temperature SHPB Experiments

As an experimental technique, it’s desired that the temperature in specimen is uniform in high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. However, the temperature in specimen decreases and the temperature of bars increases when specimen starts to contact with bars, which induces the nonuniform temperature distribution in specimen, and may result in inac-curacy of experimental results. In this paper, the temperature distributions of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were investigated while the specimen was heated alone. Firstly, the temperature history of specimen was measured at different initial temperatures by ex-periments, then simulation was carried out. Simulation results were consistent with experimental results by adjusting the thermal contact coefficient between specimen and bars. By this way, the thermal contact coefficient and simulation results were validated, and the proper cold contact times of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were discussed. Finally, the results were compared with those in references.

Robust Adaptive FTC against Sensor Fault

This paper addresses the problem of robust Fault-Tolerant （FT） design for large-scale systems. This particular class constitutes complex system which can be decomposed into N-interconnected subsystems. Special attention is paid to two different design architectures of an Active Fault-Tolerant Control （AFTC）. An AFTCS is characterized by an online Fault Detection and Isolation （FDI） process and a control reconfiguration mechanism. As the AFTC system offers the possibility to choose different controllers, the controller may be the most appropriate choice for the faulty situation and obtaining better performance. The goal of each adaptive controller is to accommodate sensor anomalies. Continuous, Linear and Time Invariant （LTI） complex system with faulty sensors and external disturbances is proposed. This study focuses on two different internal structures of the system. In this paper the direct adaptive method based on feedback controller design is applied both centralized and decentralized architectures. The controller gain is updated online using an adaptive law which takes into account the estimation of the faults and the disturbances. Then from the both classes of systems structures the adaptation controller performances, in terms of stability and fault effect rejection capability, are studied and compared. The proposed techniques are finally evaluated in the light of a simulation for a centralized interconnected system that can be decomposed into N-subsystems with some strong interconnections.

The Process of Immobilization of ZnO Nanorods Surface with Galactose Oxidase

ZnO nanorods, with the c-axis orientation used for transparent conductors, solar cells, sensors especially the functionalized ZnO nanorods with some kinds of enzymes have been used for biosensor. In this work, we describe the process immobilization of galactose oxidase on ZnO nanorods surface with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker molecule to make the working electrode in electrochemical biosensor. ZnO nanorods were grown on FTO （Fluorine-doped tin oxide） substrate by solution method at low temperature. The crystalline phase and orientation of ZnO nanorods were identified using X-ray diffraction. The efficiency of the immobilization was calculated by Braford method showed that about 36% enzyme content was immobilized on ZnO nanorods surface. The working electrode based on the immobilized ZnO nanorods was tested in galactose solution by CV （cyclic voltammetry） method indicated the value of current intensity is about 0.14 μA. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of galactose sensor based on ZnO nanorod.

Morphology inheritance synthesis of carbon-coated Li3VO4 rods as anode for lithium-ion battery

Li3VO4 shows great potential as an intercalation/de-intercalation type anode material for energy-storage devices. Morphology tailoring and surface modification are effective to enhance its lithium storage performance. In this work, we fabricate carbon coated Li3VO4(C@LVO) rods by a facile morphology inheritance route. The as-prepared C@LVO rods are 400–800 nm in length and 200–400 nm in diameter,and orthorhombic phase with V5+. The unique core-shell rods structure greatly improves the transport ability of electrons and Li+. Such C@LVO submicron-rods as anode materials exhibit excellent rate capability(a reversible capability of 460,438, 416, 359 and 310 m A h g^-1 at 0.2, 1, 2, 5 and 10 C, respectively) and a high stable capacity of 440 and 313 m A h g^-1 up to 300 cycles at 0.2 and 5 C, respectively.

Robust high-resolution beam-forming based on high order cross sensor processing method

In order to obtain the robust high-resolution beamforming, a high order cross sensor processing(CSP) approach is developed. According to the relation ship between the target bearing and the phase difference of each element receiving signal, this method exploits the property that the same diagonal of covariance matrix with the same phase difference and obtains(2M-1)(N-1)virtual elements(N is the original array number) by executing M order CSP. The extended virtual elements can effectively increase the physical aperture of linear array, reduce the main lobe width of beam-forming, and improve the bearing resolution. The CSP method accumulates the data on the same sub-diagonal of the covariance matrix, which can decrease the impact of background noise on beam-forming. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both show that this method has high resolution in bearing estimation, compared with the MUSIC method, which has better robustness under the lower signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).

Robust flutter analysis based on genetic algorithm

Robust flutter analysis considering model uncertain parameters is very important in theory and engineering applications.Modern robust flutter solution based on structured singular value subject to real parametric uncertainties may become difficult because the discontinuity and increasing complexity in real mu analysis.It is crucial to solve the worst-case flutter speed accurately and efficiently for real parametric uncertainties.In this paper,robust flutter analysis is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem.With proper nonlinear programming technique and classical flutter analysis method,the worst-case parametric perturbations and the robust flutter solution will be captured by optimization approach.In the derived nonlinear programming problem,the parametric uncertainties are taken as design variables bounded with perturbed intervals,while the flutter speed is selected as the objective function.This model is optimized by the genetic algorithm with promising global optimum performance.The present approach avoids calculating purely real mu and makes robust flutter analysis a plain job.It is illustrated by a special test case that the robust flutter results coincide well with the exhaustive method.It is also demonstrated that the present method can solve the match-point robust flutter solution under constant Mach number accurately and efficiently.This method is implemented in problem with more uncertain parameters and asymmetric perturbation interval.

Drivability improvements for a single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicle using robust controls

For a single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicle, during mode transitions （especially the transition from electric drive mode to engine/parallel drive mode, which requires the clutch engagement）, the drivability of the vehicle will be signifi- cantly affected by a clutch torque induced disturbance, driveline oscillations and jerks which can occur without adequate controls. To improve vehicle drivability during mode transitions for a single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicle, two controllers are proposed. The first controller is the engine-side controller for engine cranking/starting and speed synchronization. The second controller is the motor-side controller for achieving a smooth mode transition with reduced driveline oscillations and jerks under the clutch torque induced disturbance and system uncertainties. The controllers are all composed of a feed-forward control and a robust feedback control. The robust controllers are designed by using the mu synthesis method. In the design process, control- oriented system models that take account of various parameter uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics are used. The results of the simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.