基于传热动力学作用特征的IGBT结温预测数学模型

提出一种基于传热动力学作用特征建立绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)结温预测模型的建模方法。针对目前IGBT结温预测模型无法灵活应用于多时间尺度仿真与快速计算模式的问题,通过将简单(阶跃)信号下得到的动力学作用分量应用于复杂(PWM)信号下,建立IGBT结温预测数学模型。基于经典Cauer传热RC网络结构,建立针对阶跃功率输入信号的IGBT结温预测数学模型。提出采用自然解耦的方法,对IGBT传热动力学特性进行研究,建立传热动力学作用分量的准确表征。在此基础上,采用自然解耦与精确补偿的方法,建立针对PWM脉冲功率输入信号的IGBT瞬态结温预测数学模型。仿真与实验结果验证了模型的正确性与准确性。所建IGBT结温预测数学模型对于查明IGBT器件的传热动力学作用机理,实现结温的快速有效仿真与计算,建立IGBT传热多时间尺度数学模型具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

热冲压钢板氧化行为对传热动力学性能的影响

基于静态失重及金相测定法,获得了不同保温时间下典型热冲压钢板22MnB5的高温氧化规律,建立了适用于热冲压钢板氧化失重及厚度减薄的氧化回归方程;并将等效接触换热系数引入到考虑氧化脱碳层的热冲压换热反求数值计算模型中,研究了氧化行为对热冲压过程传热性能的影响规律,分析了氧化脱碳层厚度和载荷因素对等效接触换热系数的动力学影响。结果表明:在900℃加热条件下,保温开始阶段板料的氧化速率较高,4～5min后逐渐减缓。1.6mm冷轧热冲压钢板B1500HS最高单位面积氧化失重为0.471mg/mm2,最大减薄厚度为99.3μm,氧化脱碳层最大深度为87.0μm,氧化过程遵循抛物线规律,其氧化失重与减薄回归方程的复相关系数达0.95以上,拟合程度良好。等效接触换热系数与氧化层厚度的关系呈反比关系,并随界面载荷的增加而增大,氧化行为对热冲压过程传热动力学性能有重要影响作用。

冻煮螯虾制品生产中蒸煮过程的传热动力学研究

研究了螯虾蒸煮过程中虾体中心温度随蒸煮时间的变化规律,建立了螯虾蒸煮过程的传热动力学方程。结果表明,蒸煮过程中虾体中心温度与蒸煮时间关系符合一级动力学模型,从而可以对螯虾蒸煮需要达到预定中心温度所需的蒸煮时间进行理论计算,并为进一步研究螯虾蒸煮需达到的合理杀菌值(F值)提供前提研究。

CFD项目驱动《计算流体力学与传热学》课程教学改革探究

本文分析了《计算流体动力学与传热学》课程教学中存在的问题,发现学生缺乏对此课程的学习兴趣、学生缺乏对数值计算基础理论的掌握、学生的成绩评价方式较为单一等,然后,从搭建远程CFD仿真平台、开发《计算流体力学与传热学》教学项目、改革考核方式3方面进行教学改革,并以“相变蓄热特性数值计算”专题为例,介绍了CFD项目驱动实践教学的具体方法,有助于高等学校工科能源动力类和化工类等专业应用型人才的仿真能力和创新思维的培养。

汽油发动机冷却系统建模与水温控制

针对冷却系统组件为电子风扇和机械水泵的汽油发动机的水温控制要求,建立面向控制的冷却系统传热动力学模型,并提出水温的非线性控制方法.根据传热学原理建立燃烧室对壁面的加热功率精确模型,据此获得较为精确的传热动力学模型;将动力学模型简化为对控制变量具有仿射形式的非线性模型,并设计扩张状态观测器补偿建模误差,进而获得相对简单且精度较高的面向控制器设计的模型;在Lyapunov稳定性框架下设计状态反馈控制器,引入非线性史密斯预估器补偿系统延迟,并在输入到状态稳定性框架下证明闭环误差系统的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明:所提控制系统具有良好的水温跟踪效果,在瞬态工况下水温波动小于0.5 K,且在模型失配扰动下具有较好的鲁棒性.

LNG接收站蒸发气处理系统的动态设计计算模型

准确合理地预测蒸发气(BOG)量,对于LNG储罐安全管理、LNG卸船操作安全管理、BOG压缩机能力选择、BOG压缩机启停操作与提效节能和稳定利用BOG燃料气等均具有重要意义。国外已有一些理论化的BOG蒸发率(BOR)动态计算模型,但计算复杂且由于其对LNG储罐内BOG产生机理的认识是建立在一定理论假设的基础上的,对实际LNG储罐内BOG产生机理的认识不够准确,加之各种实际操作工况要复杂得多,因此,这类模型的广泛适用性仍有待考证。为此,基于BOG生成机理的基本理论和传热动力学理论,结合具体LNG接收站储罐生产操作数据,得到了半经验化的BOR(Boil-Off Rate)动态模型,实例证实:该方法方便、有效,更有利于预测和指导生产实际。

Air interaction around outdoor air-cooled condensers

In order to increase cooling or heating efficiency,a porous computational fluid dynamics（CFD）model is employed to predict the thermo-fluid status and optimize the placement of outdoor units.A full scale model is established to validate the accuracy of CFD simulation in terms of velocity and temperature distributions.The comparison between the measurement and the simulation shows a good agreement.By evaluating the condensers＇ sucked air temperature with CFD for three units installed in a row,it is found that the minimum separation distance among neighboring units is 0.2 m;a vertical wall should be apart from the unit line by at least 0.8 m;and large different operating pressures among units do not impact the flow rate and the heat transfer of the other units meaningfully.

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASED ON THERMAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

A mathematical model of principal elements of the aircraft hydraulic system is presented based on the heat transfer theory. The dynamic heat transfer process of the hydraulic oil and the pump shells within an aircraft hydraulic system are analyzed by the difference method. A kind of means for the prediction to variational trends of the aircraft hydraulic system temperature is provided during operation. The numerical prediction and simulation under the operational conditions are presented for ground trial running and the decelerated operation in flight. Computational results show that there is a good coincidence between the experimental data and the numerical predictions.

Crystallization Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behaviors of Vitamin C in Batch Crystallizer

The bench-scale cooling crystallization for ternary solution of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was studied.The solid-liquid phase diagram of Vitamin C-water-ethanol system was obtained on the basis of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves. The heat of crystallization of Vitamin C was calculated with the aid of quantitative analysis. According to the population balance equation under unsteady state, the rates of nucleation and growth were determined. The parameters of crystallization kinetics equations were estimated by regression of experimental data. Crystal morphology and size were determined with x-ray diffraction and TA Ⅱ Coulter Counter.

Experimental and CFD Heat Transfer Studies of Al2Oa-Water Nanofluid in a Coiled Agitated Vessel Equipped with Propeller

This paper presents the heat transfer characteristics of A1203-water nanofluid in a coiled agitated vessel with propeller agitator. The experimental study was conducted using 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.30% volume concentra tion of A1203-water nanofluids. The results showed considerable enhancement of convective heat transfer using the nanofluids. The empirical correlations developed for Nusselt number in terms of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, viscosity ratio and volume concentration fit with the experimental data within ±10%. The heat transfer characteris tics were also simulated using computational fluid dynamics using FLUENT software with the standard ke model and multiple reference frame were adopted. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） predicted Nusselt number agrees well with the experimental value and the discrepancy is found to be less than ＋8%.

Kinetic Modeling of Isothermal or Non-isothermal Adsorption in a Pellet：Application to Adsorption Heat Pumps

Understanding the interaction between a fluid and a solid phase is of fundamental importance to the design of an adsorption process.Because the heat effects associated with adsorption are comparatively large,the as-sumption of isothermal behavior is a valid approximation only when uptake rates are relatively slow.In this article,we propose to determine when it is needed to choose the isothermal or non-isothermal assumption according to two physical parametersα（ratio convection/capacity） andβ（quantity of energy/capacity） .The proposed problem is solved by a mathematical method in the Laplace domain.Whenα→∞（infinitely high heat transfer coefficient） or β→0（infinitely large heat capacity） ,the limiting case is isothermal.When the diffusion is rapid（α10） the kinetics of sorption is controlled entirely by heat transfer.If the adsorption process is to be used as a heat pump,it shall be represented by an isotherm model withαandβas high as possible.

Numerical analysis of thermal fluid transport behavior during electron beam welding of 2219 aluminum alloy plate

A two-dimensional mathematical model based on volume-of-fluid method is proposed to investigate the heat transfer,fluidflow and keyhole dynamics during electron beam welding(EBW)on20mm-thick2219aluminum alloy plate.In the model,anadaptive heat source model tracking keyhole depth is employed to simulate the heating process of electron beam.Heat and masstransport of different vortexes induced by surface tension,thermo-capillary force,recoil pressure,hydrostatic pressure and thermalbuoyancy is coupled with keyhole evolution.A series of physical phenomena involving keyhole drilling,collapse,reopening,quasi-stability,backfilling and the coupled thermal field are analyzed systematically.The results indicate that the decreased heat fluxof beam in depth can decelerate the keyholing velocity of recoil pressure and promote the quasi-steady state.Before and close to thisstate,the keyhole collapses and complicates the fluid transport of vortexes.Finally,all simulation results are validated againstexperiments.

A Numerical Study on Fully Developed Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Spiral Finned Tube

In this paper, the standard k-ε two-equation model is adopted to numerically simulate fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in a spiral finned tube within a cracking furnace for ethylene manufacturing. By variable transformation, the original 3-D problem is converted into a 2-D problem in spiral coordinates. The algorithm of SIMPLEC is used to study the fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in the spiral finned tube at constant periphery temperature and constant axial heat flux. The computed results agree pretty well with the experimental data obtained from the industry. Further studies on the fluid flows and temperature profiles at different Reynolds numbers within straight and spiral finned tubes are conducted and the mechanisms involved are explored. It is found that with the spiral finned tube, pressure drop increases to a great extent whereas heat transfer tends to be decreased.

A Revised CFB Wall-to-suspension Heat Transfer Model

Based on the Cluster Renewal Model of the particle motion in a CFB riser, a revised heat transfer model is developed, which introduces the latest research results of the hydrodynamics of the suspension flow in CFB. This model divides the heat transfer into two parts, which are due to the transient heat conduction by the covered clusters and the convection between the uncovered wall and the dispersed phase. Radiation at high temperature is regarded as being additive. The fraction of the covered wall by clusters is revised by a new formula, which is a function of the operating condition and the particle properties. The radiation between the dispersed phase and the uncovered wall includes not only the direct radiation to the uncovered wall, but also the radiation to the clusters and then reflected to the uncovered wall. Calculation was carried out for the CFB heat transfer model. The results were compared with the published typical experimental data of other researchers and showed a good agreement between them.

Laminar Heat Transfer Modeling and Investigation of Thermal Dispersion in a Flat Plate Heat Exchanger： Estimating Heat Transfer Coefficient, Heat Flux and Nusselt Number

PHEs （plate heat exchangers） are among the most common thermal equipments in diverse industries particularly in oil and gas companies. This wide usage is obviously due to significant benefits of these heat exchangers over other types. In this article, a behavioral analysis of heat transfer in fiat plates of these heat exchangers in laminar flow situation through CFD （computational fluid dynamics） simulation using FLUENT 6.3.26 software is done. The study reveals results graphically based on fluid＇s behavior in co-current and counter current flows and discusses thermal indexes consisting of heat transfer coefficient, Nusslet and total heat flux in both conditions. Eventually, a comparison via the graphical results is presented between the two types of flow directions.

Heat Transfer Validation and Comparative Evaluation of Biochar Yield from Pyrolysis Cook Stove

The developing world still largely depends on biomass, such as wood, animal dung and agricultural waste for domestic fuel sources that are typically burned in traditional stoves. Ethiopia has different biomass resource for biochar production, through pyrolysis cook stove co-producing biochar. Coffee husks are the major solid residues from the handling and processing of coffee in the study area. This study was to evaluate the biochar co-producing pyrolysis cook stove with respect to heat transfer through the bed and biochar yield. From allothermal type of pyrolysis cook stove, the stove design was selected for both the computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation and experimental measurements. ANSYS 14.5 was used for CFD simulation of the wood combustion. The production of biochar from coffee husk, corncob and sawdust at different heating times, bed and stove surface temperature were undertaken. Bulk density, pH and surface area of the biochar were measured. While good agreement between simulation and experimental result was obtained in the conduction phase during pyrolysis, deviation between the two on account of the effect of volatile gas in changing the temperature trend within the biomass bed was noticed. Within the biomass type, the maximum mean biochar yield （38.91%） was seen from coffee husk. In the case of different stove designs, the minimum mean biochar yield （27.11%） was found from normal Anila stove. The pH of biochar is found to be significantly affected by the type of biomass （9.83 mean for corncob and coffee husk, 6.43 mean for sawdust）, heating time （9.19 mean for 90 min and 8.01 mean for 30 min） and stove type （9.52 mean for normal Anila and 8.01 mean for flangeless Anila continuous feeding type）. In fact, the type of biomass is observed to significantly affect the bulk density and surface area ofbiochar.

Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Performance of the Traditional Passive Systems

The energy consumption of buildings in urban areas is one of the greatest source of energy wasting and, consequently, ofincreasing of CO2 emission. Research is currently focused on the reduction of this consumption through the use of passive air-conditioning systems, that can be integrated with conventional systems and give rise to the so-called hybrid systems. Historically, these passive systems were developed in the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The research approach on this topic involves the application of design strategies and the development of computational tools and control systems. The development of the hybrid systems is the result of the synergy between current scientific knowledge, advanced manufacturing and information technology. In this study, a modular housing system has been investigated under different conditions. Simulations have been repeated, in order to identify the configuration that provides the highest indoor comfort. The analysis of the different conditions has been carried out using a CFD （computational fluid dynamic） software. The paper shows the results developed by the Dipartimento di Architettura of the Universit^t di Palermo in the analysis of the natural ventilation effect on the indoor comfort.

Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Convection-Condensation of Vapor with High Concentration Air in Tube with Inserts

A three-dimensional numerical model is presented for studying the convection-condensation of mixture with vapor in a tube with edgefold-twisted-tape inserts under transition flow.According to the diffusion layer theory and laminar species transport,a condensation model with user defined function is proposed and compared with heat and mass transfer analogy and experimental test.With the condensation model,the influences of gap width and op-erating parameters on thermal-hydrodynamics performance are simulated.As the gap width increases,convection and condensation heat transfer increase initially and then decrease,while convection heat transfer increases sharply and then decreases slightly.Increasing vapor fraction has a significant effect on condensation heat transfer but it has little effect on convective heat transfer.With the increase of inner wall temperature both convection and condensa-tion heat transfer all decrease and the ratio of condensation to total heat decrease dramatically.Increases inlet tem-perature mainly affects convection heat transfer.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics analysis and its application in interfacial mass transfer

Interfacial transfer plays an important role in multi-phase chemical processes. However, it is difficult to describe the complex interfacial transport behavior by the traditional mass transfer model. In this paper, we describe an interfacial mass transfer model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics for the analysis of the rate of interfacial transport. The interfacial transfer process rate J depends on the interface mass transfer coefficient K, interfacial area A and chemical potential gradient at the interface. Potassium compounds were selected as model systems. A model based on linear non-equilibrium thermo-dynamics was established in order to describe and predict the transport rate at the solid-solution interface. Together with accurate experimental kinetic data for potassium ions obtained using ion-selective electrodes, a general model which can be used to describe the dissolution rate was established and used to analyze ways of improving the process rate.

A Few Integrable Dynamical Systems,Recurrence Operators,Expanding Integrable Models and Hamiltonian Structures by the r-Matrix Method

We extend two known dynamical systems obtained by Blaszak, et al. via choosing Casimir functions and utilizing Novikov-Lax equation so that a series of novel dynamical systems including generalized Burgers dynamical system, heat equation, and so on, are followed to be generated. Then we expand some differential operators presented in the paper to deduce two types of expanding dynamical models. By taking the generalized Burgers dynamical system as an example, we deform its expanding model to get a half-expanding system, whose recurrence operator is derived from Lax representation, and its Hamiltonian structure is also obtained by adopting a new way. Finally, we expand the generalized Burgers dynamical system to the （29-1）-dimensional case whose Hamiltonian structure is derived by Poisson tensor and gradient of the Casimir function. Besides, a kind of （29-1）-dimensional expanding dynamical model of the （29-1）-dimensionaJ dynamical system is generated as well.