“互联网+”时代众传知识的创生与实践——智慧教育新诉求

"互联网+"对于智慧教育中的知识创生提出了新的诉求,众传知识作为"互联网+"时代的全新知识形态,具有碎片化、关联性和生成性三重共生的形态。文章以新建构主义理论为指导,构建了众传知识的创生模式。指出"零存整取"是创生众传知识的核心方法,主动分享能够创造碎片化知识,协商的目的在于获取知识之间的关联,重构是众传知识创生的关键。以该模式为依据,在实际课程中践行"零存整取"的众传知识创生思想取得了很好的效果。碎片化知识得以不断零存,关联成了学习的常态,且生成众传知识的策略的运用是多样的。通过碎片化知识的积累,不断的关联性的协商,整取的众传知识能够指导教师的教学调整,辅助学生的学习评价,成为推进智慧教育的关键着力点。

“互联网+”时代众传知识创生路径探析——以“视觉文化与媒介素养”课程为例

众传知识作为"互联网+"时代全新的知识形态,具有"自由分享、群体创造、人人为师"的理念。文章通过对众传知识内涵的解析、对众传知识创生的必要性进行阐述,以视觉文化课程为例,构建众传知识的创生路径:"线上线下融合"促进个体分享和共同体协商;作品创作实现人人为师、创生众传知识;移动平台建设推荐分享众传知识、促进知识形态循环迭代。

众传知识:推动数字化终身学习资源建设

终身学习是当今世界教育改革重要指导思想之一,随着互联网的快速发展,建设数字化终身学习资源势在必行。众传知识是伴随着"互联网+"而生的一个新的知识形态,具有"个体分享、群体创造、人人为师"的理念。通过对众传知识本质的理解与剖析助力数字化终身学习资源建设,对塑造终身学习能力和有效实施终身学习具有深刻的理论和实践意义。

论波兰尼的科学与技术划界观

第二次世界大战以后,科学与技术的联系得到前所未有的加强,使得一些人认为技术就是科学或至少是应用科学。波兰尼以经济关系为立足点,从科学与技术的目的追求、研究对象、美的原创性,以及从可言传知识与默会知识的角度对两者的获取途径做了区分。因此,研究波兰尼的科学与技术划界观具有十分重要的意义。

Reconstruction of the linac photon spectrum based on prior knowledge and the genetic algorithm

In order to derive the linac photon spectrum accurately both the prior constrained model and the genetic algorithm GA are employed using the measured percentage depth dose PDD data and the Monte Carlo simulated monoenergetic PDDs where two steps are involved.First the spectrum is modeled as a prior analytical function with two parameters αand Ep optimized with the GA.Secondly the linac photon spectrum is modeled as a discretization constrained model optimized with the GA. The solved analytical function in the first step is used to generate initial solutions for the GA’s first run in this step.The method is applied to the Varian iX linear accelerator to derive the energy spectra of its 6 and 15 MV photon beams.The experimental results show that both the reconstructed spectrums and the derived PDDs with the proposed method are in good agreement with those calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation.

副刊提升之我见

弘扬主旋律,是我们报纸的文艺副刊版面始终坚持如一的办报思想,文艺副刊的宣传教育意义正应了那句古诗"润物细无声",和谐文化的主旨就在这茶余饭后的消遣中,融入我们的生活。其文化格调、知识含量、生活质感,及趣味性如何,关系着整个报纸的水准高低。好的副刊体现着报纸的特色与品位,某种程度上也代表着报纸的价值与个性。

Accumulation in simultaneous interpretation： The development of a successful interpreter

Accumulation of vocabulary, knowledge and experience is the foundation of comprehension and expression in simultaneous interpretation. This paper suggests the importance of accumulation in the development of a successful interpreter.

Urban Hierarchy of Innovation Capability and Inter-city Linkages of Knowledge in Post-reform China

The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.

Prediction for Dynamic Characteristics of Ring-Plate Planetary Indexing Cam Mechanism

This paper is aimed to propose an approach to predict the dynamic characteristics of ring-plate planetary indexing cam mechanism, which is a novel type of indexing mechanism that employs internal planetary transmission structure. Firstly, the geometry and structure of the mechanism are discussed and the kinematic practicability is simulated with virtual prototype design. Then a 3D finite element model of the ring-plate planetary indexing cam mechanism is developed with the commercial software of MATLAB and ANSYS. Through the finite element analysis, the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are predicted in one motion cycle. On the basis of the virtual prototype design and finite element analysis, an experimental prototype is made and tested to validate the prediction of the dynamic characteristics. The agreement between experimental results and the finite element analysis testifies that the finite element model developed is applicable to the prediction of the dynamic characteristics of this type of mechanism.

Agro-biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge on Tunisian Coastal Oases

The Tunisian coastal oases constitute a model of very rich plant biodiversity, organized in different floors of cultivation. The date palm is the highest, the second is the diversified fruit trees and the smallest is composed by various other productions. The present paper is the results of a RAA diagnosis and bibliographic analysis of nearly thirty years of work on oases. The aim of this study is to focus on the plant diversity and the traditions in using different products. The survey revealed the existence of nearly 45 local date palm varieties, about 26 fruit trees, 65 vegetables and divers other species. It also raises nearly 30 uses of dates and date palm by-products. This survey shows also that oases inhabitants keep in possessing, for a long time, a knowledge to make ingenious concerning use and conservation of the products and by products of the date palm. This survey has all as much demonstrated the risks from weakening this balance which has long been maintained. Some recommendations to maintain and conserve this system are also presented in this paper.

A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual as a“Medical Bible”:Medical Politics and Knowledge Transmission in China

This paper examines the origin,compilation,and circulation of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual(Chijiao yisheng shouce赤脚医生手册),exploring the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China,and its impact on the promotion of Chinese medicine across the world.Barefoot doctors were a special group of rural medical practitioners active in a very special socio-political context.Various editions of barefoot doctor manuals and textbooks were published across China after the first publication of the Manual in 1969.The publication of these manuals and textbooks became an indelible hallmark of the“Cultural Revolution”(1966–1976),when political publications predominated.The Manual was not only a guide for barefoot doctors in their daily study and practice,but also a primary source of medical knowledge for ordinary people.In the middle of the 1970s,the Manual was translated into many languages and published worldwide.This paper argues that the publication of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual embodied a public-oriented mode of knowledge transmission that emerged and was adopted during a very specific era,and though it was eventually substituted by a mode of training embedded in the formal medical education system,it demonstrated the impact of politics on medicine and health in the context of resource scarcity and low literacy.Changes in China’s geopolitical status,the West’s pursuit of alternative approaches to medicine and health,and the World Health Organization’s(WHO’s)concern over health universality and equity all contributed to the translation and circulation of the Manual,facilitating the dissemination of Chinese medicine worldwide.The paper thus presents empirical and theoretical contributions to research on the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China.

Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Resource Management and Population Control for Dong Ethnic Group in Guizhou Province

Dong ethnic people have rich indigenous knowledge in terms of their daily life and production, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of their village. This paper aims to understand traditional knowledge of Dong ethnic people in resource management and population control, including traditional resource management, traditional medicinal knowledge and village regulations in Zhanli Village in Southeast Guizhou Province. The research methods include key informant interview, group discussion, participant observation and secondary data collect- ing. The results show that Zhanli villagers try their best to utilize indigenous knowledge to manage the natural resources and keep the stable population to make themselves live in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in managing their limited natural resources and keeping the population stable under an excellent condition. Zhanli villagers employ indigenous knowledge to manage natural resources and use local herbs to control the population. Village regulation terms significantly influence villagers’ awareness in resource management and birth control. Women play the chief role in employing indigenous knowledge in weaving as well as medicinal knowledge in birth control, and these kinds of knowledge are passed down through the female line. However, the inheritance style of traditional knowledge is decreasing. Indig- enous knowledge plays an important role in the sustainable development of this village, which gives implications for development practices to involve indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development.

Fhe Future of TRIPS and the Trade in Genetic Resources

Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed WTO member nations have debated whether the TRIPS agreement should expand its definition to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article argues that although the genetic resources-based market is huge, developing countries have benefited little from it. Specifically, the current market mechanism and system provide little incentive to developing countries to protect biodiversity. Expanding TRIPS to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge can make multilateral trade fairer and more balanced and will enable developing members to better protect biodiversity.

创意设计定制中知识传译组织模式的构建——基于唯理论与经验论范畴

文化再生产理论认为,随着社会文化的更新与进步,文化的再生产使文化不断的被编码化、符号化、专业化,并转化为基于个人的隐性知识,筑成不断加高的知识壁垒。而被编码化、符号化的知识只有通过具备相应解读能力的专业的知识工作者,才能翻译并理解。本文基于哲学中唯理论与经验论范畴下阐明艺术创作过程中涉及的知识创造的原理。在创意设计个性化定制情境下通过对知识创造的原理、知识生产的场域与传播模式的综合来构建知识传译的组织模型。使艺术家或设计师能更好的理解创作模式的本质,并能使更具价值的知识,得到更广泛的传播。

The Spread of Deism in the Reformed Church in the South Eastern Region of the Kingdom of Hungary at the Turn of the 18th- 19th Century

Deism is one of the branches of radical Enlightenment which states that God creates the World, but he does not intervene into its operation. Theological dogmas are completely useless because these rules are not necessary for the prosperity of people. These ideas were very dangerous to Christianity; however, they were widespread in many parts of Europe in the 18th century. The Reformed Diocese of Bekes was located in the south eastern area of the Kingdom of Hungary, whose followers practised an essentially rural way of life; therefore, they hardly read any scientific and philosophical works. In spite of this fact, the spread of the ideas characteristic of deism can be observed in numerous dioceses. The reception of deism in southeast Hungary can be witnessed not in the traditional intellectual documents （school curriculum, translations, and philosophical treatises）, but in the documents of the ecclesiastical government： Church attendance records, documents of the proceedings of the ecclesiastical courts. With the detailed analysis of the ecclesiastical administration documents of the Reformed Church, this study investigates how folk religion relates to deism and the criticism of religion by the radical Enlightenment.

Semiotic knowledge toward heritage product in tourism industry： A case of Terengganu

In order to provide an appropriate context for the current state of the heritage product in tourism industry, semiotic knowledge become an important role to know deeply the identity, philosophy, and also the meaning of behind the actual product. Scott （2000） stresses the requirement of aesthetic and semiotic content in a creative product, instead of creativity. But, how many of retailers and salespersons in heritage product believe the semiotic as knowledge to present the product and opportunities in their selling？ According to Kotler （2000） a good personal selling will provide a detailed explanation or demonstration of the product. The message can be varied by the salesperson to fit the motivations and interests or each prospective customer. So, the purpose of this paper is to closely examine the level of awareness among retailers and salesperson toward the important of semiotic knowledge as part of strategic persuasion in a selling process. This survey study will develop a sample among retailers and salesperson in Kuala Terengganu as a respondent who give the feedback to fulfill the research questions.

Intellectual Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources:Perspective from Economics

Given the existence of transaction costs,the location of property rights is an important factor in determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of the industry.This paper applies some of the economic theories of property rights and industrial structure to the issues concerning the conservation of biodiversity.Although the expansion of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) systems into the area of genetic resources has increased private investment in R&D process of the agriculture,it does not generate enough incentives for in situ conservation of biodiversity.To solve this economic inefficiency,farmers'rights and other design of incentives and institutional arrangement should be reconsidered.

Vibriocidal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by Nicobarese Tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

The aim of the study was to investigate the vibriocidal activity of crude extracts of 18 ethnomedicinal plants used by Nicobarese tribe. Plants were collected from the villages of Car Nicobar Island with the help of TKPs （traditional knowledge practitioners）. The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was observed by agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that out of 18 plants, seven plants exhibited vibriocidal activity. Morinda citrifolia, Ganophyllumfalcatum and Leea aequata were most active among the plants tested. This study thus can be further utilized to formulate the new antimicrobial agents to fight against Vibrio cholerae.

Absorptive Capacity and Knowledge Flows for Large International Finns： A Survey

The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm＇s ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing information （absorptive capacity）. In so doing, we explore different methodologies through which we may analyze the knowledge transmission： both the production function approach and the knowledge function approach. In order to construct the spillover stocks, different dimensions are considered： geographic and technological.

In Search of the Reality of the African Selves Through the Philosophical Reasoning and Intellectual Insanity of the Sober Mind

The article searches for the reality of the African selves through the veins of philosophical and intellectual reasoning. It provides for African knowledge dissemination, integration and synthesis defining the hypothetical nature of the African mankind＇s reality. The African reality is explained herein, in terms of the realism subject matter of idealism from the circumstantial perspectives. The ideal that formed part of the authority of eternal yesterday carried throughout from one generation to the other. The article parallels its abstraction from the search of who am ＂I＂ when ＂me＂ comes into scrutiny in the body form. It disintegrates these intangible values and measures of equal importance. The body form of normative pluralism contains the coexistent of ＇T＇ and ＂me＂ and sustains them cooperatively. The insanity of the sober mind is often debated meaninglessly. The supposed meanings often end up meaningless sometimes and all the times; times and half a time worthless while micro scoped through non-African philosophical and intellectual minds.