中国传统型农户的特殊性及其信贷行为

农户是农村经济的基本单位,传统型农户在当前中国农村地区依然占据着很大比重,因此,正确而全面地解读传统型农户的性质就显得尤为重要。从生存经济特征和圈层差序交往格局两个视角来解读中国传统型农户的主要特征,并对其信贷行为作出了分析。

中国传统型农户信贷需求与供给分析——基于传统型农户特殊性的视角

与成熟的城市金融体系相比,中国传统型农户遵循生存经济逻辑和圈层差序社会交往格局,这也就决定了传统型农户具有以下六个方面的信贷需求特征:严重的信息不对称;缺乏可抵押物;特殊性成本与风险;以非生产性信贷为主;以无息的熟人友情借贷为主;单笔贷款数额小,要求信贷手续灵活、简便、及时。要解决传统型农户的融资困境,关键在于建立符合传统型农户信贷需求特征的信贷供给安排,主要包括以下三个渠道:熟人亲友无息借贷;民间非正式互助合作金融;官方或公益扶助性质的政策性金融。

一个多元化农村金融组织体系框架——基于不同类型农户信贷需求的视角

在经济社会转型时期,传统型农户和市场化农户有着不同的信贷需求特征,与之相对应,二者的信贷供给安排也有所不同。当前应构建一个包括农业银行、农村信用社、村镇银行、农业发展银行、农村合作金融、小额信贷等在内的多元化农村金融组织体系。

China's Household Tradition and Its Rural Development Path: With Reference to Traditional Russian and Indian Village Communities

Sources of tradition that produce a lasting influence upon modern society are fundamental to that society＇s development. Among Eastern sources of tradition, the village systems of Russia and India are very unlike the Chinese household system, a system that served as the foundation for China＇s unique path of rural development. This system includes the following features： the organization of agricultural operations on the basis of household operations; an economy where agriculture, industry and commerce complement each other on the basis of their integration at the household level; forms of agricultural cooperation based on mutual assistance and cooperation among households; and a system of rural governance based on the joint governance by household and state. In China＇s rural development process, the household system, though at one time discarded, still constitutes the institutional backdrop for current and future rural development.