徽派天井式传统民居自然通风模拟研究

文章旨在探究天井式徽派传统民居的自然通风状况,并提出改进策略。借助浮梁县磻溪村天井式传统民居的测绘资料,以门窗洞口位置、门窗洞口大小和屋面形式作为变量,运用PHOENICS软件模拟和控制变量的方法,推导出研究结果:门窗洞口大小和屋面形式是影响室内自然通风的主要因素,进风口和出风口错位较小是次要因素。随后提出改进方法:增大门窗洞口的面积、选用非全封闭式屋面、安装导风板、进风口和出风口交错布置。

基于适应性模型的天井民居夏季热舒适度评价

以徽州地区三个村庄(俞源,西递和豸峰)中的八个传统民居为研究对象,在夏季对天井、厅堂和卧室等白天最常使用空间进行持续一周的温度和湿度实测;并将数据导入至Ecotect中生成焓湿图,采用适应性热舒适模型并结合调查问卷综合评价天井民居的夏季热舒适度。研究发现,根据夏季实测的温湿度数据可以得出民居最常使用空间的温度大多处于热舒适区域的温度范围内。然而由于湿度过大(俞源相对湿度大于70%,西递大于75%,豸峰大于85%),通过对落入焓湿图中热舒适区域内的温湿度数据点的数量占数据点总数的百分比分析(俞源村门廊25%、卧室10%,西递村天井50%、厅堂25%,豸峰村天井15%、厅堂30%),居民对天井民居的夏季热舒适度大多数时间上应该是不满意的。相反的是,调查问卷的结果显示居民对天井民居内的热舒适度是大致满意的,俞源,西递和豸峰三个村子的热舒适度评价得分分别为3.4,4.4和4.0(5分制)。其主要原因就是在自然通风的情况下,人们对高湿环境的适应程度更高;同时居民还会采取各种措施来维持和改善他们的热舒适度。

Influence of patio on indoor environment in a Chinese traditional folk house in summer

A case study is performed on the influence of the patio on the indoor environment of a traditional folk house group,named Zhangguying village in Hunan province,in the summer of 2007.Measurements include indoor and outdoor air temperature,indoor and outdoor illuminance,indoor and outdoor air speed,and carried out from August 5th to 10th.The results show that the patio,acting as a ＂buffer zone＂,can reduce the ambient impacts on the indoor thermal environment of rooms because the temperature of the patio is lower than that of the outdoor temperature but higher than that of the rooms.The patio can improve the indoor lighting environment because the illuminance of the patio is lower than that of outdoor and higher than that of the rooms.But the effect is too limited,because the illuminance of the rooms is lower than the national standards.This study shows that the shading design is the primary consideration in this kind of climate.The wind speed of the patio is stable and similar to that of the hall and the stack effect of the patio is not obvious.It shows that the patio is useful for natural ventilation,caused by wind pressure,in summer.