作为非物质文化的民间美术分类

作为非物质文化的民间美术是一种长久被忽视的活态文化传统,其分类学方面的研究现状仍是十分薄弱和滞后的。这使民间美术研究和教学缺乏应有的学术基础,也使正在兴起的非物质文化保护传承事业缺乏系统有序的文化参照。就此问题梳理出“五四”新文化运动以来民间美术研究的大致发展线索,并列举了建国以来有代表性的民间美术分类模式,提出以田野调查为基础的分类研究方法,倡导多元的分类研究学术实践。

非物质文化遗产教育传承的基本原则

非物质文化遗产承载着一个民族的古老文化记忆,但非物质文化遗产较之有形的物质文化遗产而言较为脆弱.21世纪全球经济一体化背景下的中国,正经历着历史上雨要的转型期.几千年来口传身授的民族民间活态文化传统正面临着急剧的流变和消失.由于我们过去对非物质文化遗产保护的缺失,加上传承、利用的不当,非物质文化遗产每时都有流失和消亡的可能.教育是文化的翅膀,文化是教育的灵魂.

Positive influence of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on conservation: A case study from the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Tibet

Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that： 1） traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2） religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3） bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.

自贡灯会在传统民俗文化基础上的新发展

自贡灯会在传统民俗文化基础上又有新发展。题材和内容上的兼容并蓄、与时俱新;现代科学技术与民间传统工艺的完美结合;观赏与娱乐相结合;能源和材料上的低碳节能、绿色环保。自贡灯会是中国灯文化的代表。自贡盐业经济的繁荣,促进了自贡地区年节灯会的发展,自唐宋至明清,已发展成为"京沪所不见"的灯会盛况。自1987年第一届自贡国际恐龙灯会经贸交易会开始。

Distribution Characteristics of Provincial Traditional Villages and Their Reasons

In this paper, a total of 723 traditional villages in Hunan were selected for research. With the aid of spatial analysis of GIS, the number equilibrium and spatial autocorrelation of the traditional villages were analyzed quantitatively, watershed distribution characteristics and ethnic distribution characteristics of the traditional villages were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the influence factors of distribution of the traditional village were explored in terms of three aspects of agricultural production and population migration, history and culture, and economic activities.

Flora, life form characteristics, and plan for the promotion of biodiversity in South Korea＇s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System, the traditional Gudeuljang irrigated rice terraces in Cheongsando

The objectives of this study were to analyze the biodiversity of the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces in Cheongsando, South Korea's representative GIAHS(Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System) site, with reference to position and land-use features, and to develop a plan to promote agricultural biodiversity in the region. We confirmed approximately 54,000 m2 of Gudeuljang paddy fields by an on-site survey. Of the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces confirmed by onsite inspection, our survey showed that approximately 24,000 m2 are currently being used as paddy fields, approximately 15,000 m2 are being used as dry fields, and approximately 14,000 m2 are fallow. In terms of other non-agricultural land use, there was grassland, including graveyards; artificial arboreal land, such as orchards, rivers and wetlands, and man-made facilities, such as roads and residences. We also confirmed that the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces had higher plant species diversity than conventional terraced rice paddies, and there was a difference in life form characteristics between the two types. Although the superficial topsoil structure is thesame for the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces(TGIRTs) and conventional terraced rice paddies, it is thought that the differences in the subsurface structure of the TGIRTs contribute greatly to species and habitat diversity. However, the TGIRTs in Cheongsando are facing degeneration, due to damage and reduction in agricultural activity. The main cause is the reduction in the number of farming households due to an aging population in Cheongsando. In order to address this problem, we proposed a management plan, related to fallow paddy fields in South Korea, to initiate voluntary activities in the TGIRTs.

Teenage Pregnancy in the Life and Thought of the Traditional Akan： Moral Perspectives

In the past, teenage pregnancy was very rare among the traditional Akan people, currently, however, it has reached an alarming stage. The traditional rites that were effective in instituting measures that ensured chastity among the Akan teenagers are now replaced by foreign rites that seem to be less effective. This paper examines teenage pregnancy and its morality among the traditional Akan of Ghana. The paper discovers that the morality of teenage pregnancy among the traditional Akan depends on the circumstances under which the pregnancy occurs. The following among others are identified as the major factors responsible for the upsurge of teenage pregnancy among the Akan： the breakdown of the extended family system and social cohesion; the influx of foreign cultural and religious practices coupled with the wrong mentality that indigenous African cultural practices are uncivil. The paper posits that the bragor9 and kyiribra rites are important traditional tools which can be refined and used together with other modern methods to remedy the upsurge of teenage pregnancy and restore the moral sanity that existed among the Akan.

Nomenclature for lunar features at the Chang＇e-3 landing site

Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstanding contributions of academics,masters in various fields, and popularize the traditional cultures of ethnic groups all over the world, but also have a critical function of providing accurate indicative information on features with special morphology, origin, nature and scientific value. However, nomenclature for features at the Chang'e-3 landing site, which has a more arbitrary form without many constrains posed by a uniformed system, is unlike the features for other morphological units.This paper originated from the actual needs for the description of scientific exploration activities, interpretation of scientific research and dissemination of scientific results. Some prominent morphological units with great scientific importance and identification purpose were chosen from the images taken by the terrain camera, panorama cameras and landing camera onboard the Chang'e lander and Yutu rover. A nomenclature system was established under the three enclosures, four quadrants and twenty-eight lunar lodges' system of the Chinese ancient sky division method. Finally, a standard feature names set waspublished after some necessary approval procedures by the International Astronomical Union.

Performance and application of Chinese traditional culture in Folk Photography

Since the beginning of human civilization, the existence of a variety of production and life, etiquette and other social customs are obvious. The invention of photography is natural firstly used to the performance of various phenomena of human existence. Not until 1993 did Folk photography was formally proposed and was quickly accepted by the public. Folk photographer should have a certain amount of theoretical knowledge of folklore, ethnology, anthropology, and folklore should familiar with the laws of photography. Folk photographer should not only be able to skillfully use a variety of photographic techniques to create photographer, but also have the ability of folklore studies, which means a certain level of theory and master certain research methods. Folk photography creative process is a cultural experience and explores the process of discovery. Folk photography is methods and means to record, release and heritage attending profound traditional Chinese culture. Folk photography through a unique form of expression, with its visual image, embodies the academic value of folk history, the development of human history, cultural heritage and makes a positive contribution to the spread. In the 21st century, China＇ s social stable, economic development rapidly, which provide a good folk photography authoring environment. Folk photography range will also change with the development of folk and continuously expanding, concerns and reflections about the new folk themes have yet to be excavated, to meet the needs of social development.

论“伦理”话语与中国式现代化

“伦理”话语及其传统是“活着的”传统文化,是中国现代社会的“文化传统”,其深刻影响着中国式现代化。“伦理”话语及其传统的核心范式在于“伦理地思考”,在考察“伦理”话语与中国式现代化的关系中,必然走向“伦理地看待”中国式现代化,其要义包含了三维结构:从“实体性”出发的“伦”意识,“在一起”的“理”智慧,以及居“伦”由“理”的伦理情怀。值此之故,中国式现代化完成了从“伦”出发而辩证复归于“伦理实体”的精神之旅,成为弥合“分裂的世界”的重要精神力量,以“伦理”为标识区别于其他现代化形态。